World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192011-04-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2754The European Union (EU) sets the policy framework for municipal solid waste management that drives reform initiatives in new EU member states and candidate countries. The EU policies, implementation targets, and grant funding establish the enabling environment that transforms the solid waste management sector in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania. The EU directives guide member states towards agreed targets without prescribing in detail how specific measures should be implemented. Various directives establish the legal framework for solid waste management; provide specifics, and an implementation timetable: these include the waste framework directive, the landfill directive, and the waste incineration directive. This study analyzes progress in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania; and identifies important shortcomings towards meeting the requirements of the EU acquis communautaire. All four countries have had access to large amounts of assistance from EU programs and European financial institutions, which for the most part remain unspent. The study identifies strengths and weaknesses in the national institutional arrangements; scrutinizes sector economics and financing, including how current incentive mechanisms affect the medium-to long-term sector financial sustainability; and finally, extracts lessons learned on how to address key issues and optimize sector performance.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSORPTIONACCUMULATORSAUDITSBIODEGRADABLE MUNICIPAL WASTEBIODEGRADABLE WASTECARBONCENTRAL PLANNINGCOLLECTION ROUTESCOMMERCIAL WASTECOMPOSTCOMPOSTINGCOMPOSTING FACILITIESCOMPOSTING PLANTSCONSTRUCTIONDECISION MAKINGDEMOLITION WASTEDISPOSAL FACILITIESDISPOSAL OF WASTEDISPOSAL SYSTEMDRINKING WATERDUMP SITESECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CHANGEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITYECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEEIAEMISSIONSENERGY RECOVERYENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSENVIRONMENTAL TARGETSENVIRONMENTAL TAXESENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND COLLECTIONEXTERNALITIESFINAL DISPOSALFINANCIAL RESOURCESGAS MANAGEMENTGLASSGROUNDWATERHAZARDOUS INDUSTRIALHAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTEHAZARDOUS SUBSTANCESHAZARDOUS WASTEHOUSEHOLD WASTEILLEGAL DUMPSINCINERATION DIRECTIVEINCINERATION OF WASTEINCINERATORSINDUSTRIAL SITESINTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTLANDFILLLANDFILL CLOSURELANDFILL DIRECTIVELANDFILL GASLANDFILL OPERATORSLANDFILL PROJECTSLANDFILL RESTORATIONLANDFILL SITELANDFILL SITESLANDFILL SITINGLANDFILL WASTELANDFILLINGLEACHATELEACHATE COLLECTIONLOCAL WASTE MANAGEMENTMETALSMININGMINING WASTEMUNICIPAL LANDFILLMUNICIPAL LANDFILLSMUNICIPAL SOLIDMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTEMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTMUNICIPAL WASTEMUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTIONMUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENTMUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONSMUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSNATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENTNATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIESNATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGYNATIONAL WASTE STRATEGIESNATIONAL WASTE STRATEGYNATURAL RESOURCESNIMBYNONHAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTEPLASTICPOLLUTIONPRODUCERSPRODUCTION PATTERNSPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONRECYCLING OPERATORSREGIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENTSANITARY LANDFILLSANITARY LANDFILL SITESANITARY LANDFILLSSANITATIONSANITATION INFRASTRUCTURESCOPE OF WASTE MANAGEMENTSEWAGESEWAGE SLUDGESEWERAGESEWERAGE NETWORKSITE SELECTIONSOIL POLLUTIONSOLID WASTESOLID WASTE DISPOSALSOLID WASTE GENERATIONSOLID WASTE LANDFILLSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGYSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSOLID WASTE OPERATIONSSOLID WASTE SECTORSOURCE SEPARATIONSTREAMSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSWMTIRESTRANSFER STATIONSTREATMENT OF WASTEWASTE COLLECTION SERVICESWASTE COMPOSITIONWASTE DISPOSALWASTE DISPOSAL SITESWASTE DUMPSWASTE FACILITIESWASTE FLOWSWASTE HIERARCHYWASTE INCINERATIONWASTE LANDFILLSWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIESWASTE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTUREWASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIESWASTE MANAGEMENT POLICYWASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICESWASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMWASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSWASTE MINIMIZATIONWASTE PLANSWASTE POLICYWASTE PREVENTIONWASTE PRODUCERSWASTE QUANTITIESWASTE RECYCLINGWASTE REDUCTIONWASTE SEPARATIONWASTE SHIPMENTWASTE STREAMSWASTE TREATMENTWASTE TREATMENT FACILITIESWASTE TYPESWASTE VOLUMESWASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITIESWASTESWASTEWATERWASTEWATER TREATMENTWATER SUPPLYWILLINGNESS TO PAYWorld Bank10.1596/2754