ClimateWorks FoundationWorld Bank Group2014-06-302014-06-302014-06-23https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18815This report describes efforts by the ClimateWorks Foundation and the World Bank to quantify the multiple economic, social, and environmental benefits associated with policies and projects to reduce emissions in select sectors and regions. The report has three objectives: 1) to develop a holistic, adaptable framework to capture and measure the multiple benefits of reducing emissions of several pollutants; 2) to demonstrate how local and national policymakers, members of the international development community, and others can use this framework to design and analyze policies and projects; and 3) to contribute a compelling rationale for effectively combining climate action with sustainable development and green growth worldwide. By using a systems approach to analyze policies and projects, this work illustrates ways to capitalize on synergies between efforts to reduce emissions and spur development, minimize costs, and maximize societal benefits. This report uses several case studies to demonstrate how to apply the analytical framework. Three simulated case studies analyzed the effects of key sector policies to determine the benefits realized in the United States, China, the European Union, India, Mexico, and Brazil. The sector policies include regulations, taxes, and incentives to stimulate a shift to clean transport, improved industrial energy efficiency, and more energy efficient buildings and appliances. Also presented are results of four simulated case studies that analyzed several sub-national development projects, scaled up to the national level, to determine the additional benefits over the life of each project, generally 20 years. By applying the framework to analyze both types of interventions, this report demonstrates the efficacy of this approach for national and local policymakers, international finance organizations, and others. These case studies show that climate change mitigation and air quality protection can be integral to effective development efforts and can provide a net economic benefit. Quantifying the benefits of climate action can facilitate support from constituencies interested in public health and food and energy security; it can also advance the international discussion of effective ways to address climate change while pursuing green growth. In this report, the chapter 1 provides background information on the pollutants covered in this report and identifies opportunities to achieve both local socioeconomic and global climate objectives by reducing emissions. It also introduces new modeling tools that enable broader economic analysis of emissions-reduction programs. Chapter 2 explains how these tools can be combined to develop an effective framework to analyze policies and projects. Chapter 3 demonstrates the framework, using several policy- and project-based case studies to estimate the multiple benefits of emissions reductions from a regional or national level. Finally, Chapter 4 explores the challenges to operationalizing the framework and presents conclusions from the study.El cambio climático plantea un grave riesgo para la estabilidad económica mundial. En este informe se proporcionan datos concluyentes que respaldan que es posible reducir emisiones y crear oportunidades laborales y económicas, al mismo tiempo que se recortan costos relacionados con la atención de la salud y a la energía. Contiene soluciones de desarrollo ampliables y se basa en las investigaciones para cuantificar los beneficios sociales de la acción en materia climática. En el informe se simulan estudios de casos sobre políticas que podrían dar lugar a la disminución de las emisiones en tres sectores: transporte, industria y eficiencia energética en edificios. Asimismo, se describe el impacto a nivel nacional que se derivaría de la ampliación de las soluciones de desarrollo en cinco países grandes y en la Unión Europea. También se analizan cuatro proyectos específicos de los respectivos países y el impacto que tendrían si se ampliaran a nivel nacional. En sus conclusiones se demuestra claramente que un desarrollo logrado de manera adecuada también genera grandes beneficios climáticos.Les responsables de l’économie d’un pays ont pour principal souci la création d’emplois, la stimulation de la croissance économique et la promotion de la compétitivité. Ils s’inquiètent aussi des effets que le changement climatique aura sur l’avenir économique de leur pays. Ces responsables veulent de plus en plus savoir s’il est des investissements et des efforts qui peuvent être entrepris pour réaliser les priorités urgentes sur le plan du développement et, dans le même temps, relever les défis d’une planète dont le réchauffement s’accélère. Grâce à un corpus de recherches qui se développe rapidement, il est désormais évident qu’un développement intelligent face au climat peut doper l’emploi et sauver des millions de vies. Des politiques et projets de développement intelligents peuvent aussi faire ralentir les effets néfastes du changement climatique. À la lumière de ces nouveaux éléments scientifiques, et avec l’élaboration de nouveaux outils de modélisation économique permettant de quantifier ces effets positifs, il va de soi que les objectifs de développement économique et de protection contre les aléas climatiques peuvent être complémentaires. Le présent rapport a recours à de nouveaux outils de modé- lisation pour examiner toute la panoplie des avantages que des politiques d’atténuation des effets du changement climatique peuvent procurer dans les secteurs des transports, de l’industrie et du bâtiment aux États-Unis, en Chine, au sein de l’Union européenne, en Inde, au Mexique et au Brésil. Il décrit également les nombreux effets positifs de quatre projets de développement simulés à l’échelle nationale.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOABATEMENT COSTABATEMENT COSTSABATEMENT POTENTIALACCIDENTSACIDACID RAINACIDIFICATIONAEROSOLSAIRAIR POLLUTANTAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY MANAGEMENTANAEROBIC DIGESTIONATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRYATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONSBIOGASBIOMASSBLACK CARBONBLACK CARBON EMISSIONSCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCARBONCARBON ABATEMENTCARBON BUSCARBON CAPTURECARBON DIOXIDECARBON FINANCECARBON INTENSITYCARBON MARKETSCARBON MITIGATIONCARBON MONOXIDECARSCERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONSCH4CHEMICAL REACTIONSCHEMICALSCLEAN AIRCLEAN AIR ACTCLEANER FUELSCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE CHANGE POLICIESCLIMATE CHANGESCLIMATE OBJECTIVESCLIMATE POLICYCLIMATE PROTECTIONCLIMATE SYSTEMCOCO2COALCOAL MINESCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMMUTERSCOMPOSTINGCOST-BENEFITCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSESCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCOSTS OF EMISSIONSCROSSINGDAMAGESDIESELDISCOUNT RATEDISCOUNT RATESDISPOSABLE INCOMEECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC ANALYSESECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPACTSECONOMIC POLICIESECOSYSTEMEFFICIENT TRANSPORTATIONELASTICITYELECTRIC CARSELECTRIC VEHICLESEMISSIONEMISSION FROM OILEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS CONTROLEMISSIONS DATAEMISSIONS MITIGATIONEMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSENERGY BALANCEENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY INTENSITYENERGY POLICIESENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SECURITYENERGY SOURCESENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONSENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIESENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYEUTROPHICATIONEXTERNALITIESEXTREME POVERTYEXTREME WEATHERFEASIBILITYFINANCIAL ANALYSISFLOODSFORESTFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL COSTSFUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLESFUEL PRICEFUELSGAS PRODUCTIONGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELGHGGHGSGLOBAL EMISSIONSGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGLOBAL WARMINGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS SOURCESGREENHOUSE GASESHFCSHOUSEHOLD FUELHURRICANESHYDROFLUOROCARBONSIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEINACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEIPCCIRONJOB GROWTHJOBSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLAND MANAGEMENTLANDFILLLANDFILL GASLANESLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASLOCAL AIR POLLUTIONLOW-CARBONMARGINAL ABATEMENTMARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTMARGINAL COSTMARKET DISTORTIONSMETEOROLOGYMETHANEMETHANE EMISSIONSMONETARY TERMSMONETARY VALUEMONTREALMONTREAL PROTOCOLN2ONATIONAL INCOMENATURAL GASNET COSTNITROUS OXIDEO3OCEANSOIL PRICEOIL PRICESOIL PRODUCTIONOPEN BURNINGOZONEOZONE LAYEROZONE PRECURSORSPARTICLEPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPARTICULATESPASSENGER VEHICLEPERFORMANCE STANDARDPHOTOVOLTAICPHOTOVOLTAICSPOLICY MAKERSPOLLUTANT EMISSIONSPORTFOLIOPOWER PLANTSPOWER SECTORPRESENT VALUEPRICE CHANGEPRICE OF OILPUBLIC TRANSITPUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMSRADIATIVE FORCINGRAINRAPID TRANSITRENEWABLE ENERGYRISING COSTRISKS OF CLIMATE CHANGEROADROAD TRANSPORTSANITATIONSCENARIOSSECTOR-SPECIFIC MODELSSOCIAL COST OF CARBONSOLAR RADIATIONSPILLOVER EFFECTSSTREETSSULFATESUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTTEMPERATURETRAFFICTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTIONTRANSIT SYSTEMTRANSIT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTTRANSPORT POLICIESTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION EMISSIONSTRANSPORTATION PATTERNSTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMSTRAVEL TIMETROPOPAUSETROPOSPHERIC OZONETRUEUNCERTAINTIESUNEPUNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMMEVEHICLE EFFICIENCYVEHICLE EMISSIONSVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSWEALTHWorld Bank and ClimateWorks Foundation10.1596/18815