World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192009-06-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3080This report provides a concise overview of the current situation of the mining sector in Albania. It evaluates the major events that took place in the last two decades (especially regarding the privatization process), and examines its governance, overarching policies and its legal frameworks that have guided the sector development. Having identified the weaknesses and difficulties that the sector faces, the report then suggests an outline for a comprehensive reform program. The main findings in this regard are related to: improving sector governance; improving regulatory effectiveness; strengthening the technical capacities; addressing environmental and social legacy, and community benefit sharing issues; and sustaining sector growth through sector promotion. The report also summarizes an evaluation of the mineral legal and regulatory environment, in order to inform an overall reform strategy and to identify commodities and/or resource areas of particular interest going forward, 'low hanging fruit' that might offer new growth opportunities. The overall conclusion of the report is that sector reform should emphasize new Greenfield resource potential through generative exploration by smaller and medium-sized international 'junior' mining companies. New resource development will be undertaken within a strengthened governance framework reinforced by a competitive, transparent, stable, non-discretionary regulatory regime. Although now highly fragmented, existing operations will be improved with the introduction of new operations performing to international good practice. Additionally, the private sector should be enabled to consolidate license holdings under improved regulatory enforcement that prevents licenses being held for speculation without intention to undertake meaningful investments that will result in development.CC BY 3.0 IGOABANDONED MINEABATEMENTACCESS TO INFORMATIONALLOYSARTISAN MININGARTISANAL MINERSARTISANAL ­ AND SMALL-SCALE MININGASMAUDITSBAUXITEBENEFIT STREAMSCADASTRECHROMIUMCLOSURECLOSURE OF OPERATIONSCOALCOAL MINESCOMMODITY PRICESCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSCOPPERCOPPER MINESCOPPER MININGDEBTDOLOMITEDRILLINGECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMICSEITIENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSEQUILIBRIUMEQUIPMENTEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTIONEXPENDITURESEXPLOITATIONEXPLOITATION RIGHTEXPLORATION ACTIVITIESEXPLORATION AND MININGEXPLORATION EXPENDITUREEXPLORATION LICENSEEXPLORATION LICENSESEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIESEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVEEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY INVESTMENTSFERROUS METALSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFOREIGN CURRENCYFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTORSGASGEOLOGICAL INFORMATIONGEOLOGICAL SURVEYGEOLOGYGOLDGOLD AND ZINCGOOD GOVERNANCEHEALTH AND SAFETYHEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUESHOLDINGSHUMAN RESOURCEIMPORTSINCOMEINDUSTRIAL MINERALSINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL INVESTORSINTERNATIONAL MININGINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIESINVESTOR INTERESTIRONKEY SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORSLARGE-SCALE MINESLARGE-SCALE MININGLEGAL FRAMEWORKSLEGAL OBLIGATIONSLEGISLATIONLICENSE HOLDERLICENSE HOLDERSLICENSE TRANSFERLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL ECONOMYMARKET PRICESMETALLIC MININGMETALLURGICAL PLANTSMETALSMINE CLOSUREMINE CLOSURE PLANMINE TAILINGSMINERAL ACTIVITIESMINERAL CYCLEMINERAL DEVELOPMENTMINERAL ENCLAVESMINERAL EXPLORATIONMINERAL INDUSTRIESMINERAL INDUSTRYMINERAL INVESTMENTMINERAL LICENSEMINERAL LICENSESMINERAL OPERATIONSMINERAL ORESMINERAL POLICIESMINERAL POLICYMINERAL PROCESSINGMINERAL PRODUCTIONMINERAL PRODUCTSMINERAL RENTSMINERAL RESOURCEMINERAL RESOURCE EXPLORATIONMINERAL RESOURCESMINERAL RIGHTSMINERAL ROYALTIESMINERAL SECTORMINERAL SPECIFICMINESMINING ACTIVITIESMINING ACTIVITYMINING COMPANIESMINING COMPANYMINING ENTERPRISESMINING FISCAL REGIMEMINING INDUSTRIESMINING INDUSTRYMINING INVESTMENTMINING INVESTORSMINING LAWMINING LAW REFORMMINING LEGISLATIONMINING LICENSESMINING MINISTRYMINING OPERATIONMINING OPERATIONSMINING OPERATORMINING POLICYMINING PROJECTSMINING REGULATIONMINING REGULATIONSMINING RIGHTSMINING ROYALTIESMINING SECTORMINING SECTOR DEVELOPMENTMINING SECTOR POLICYMINING SECTOR REFORMMINING SECTOR REFORMSMULTIPLIERSNATURAL RESOURCESNICKELOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHOCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETYOILOLD MINESORE RESERVESORESPAYMENTS OF ROYALTIESPLATINUMPOLLUTIONPOST CLOSUREPOST-CLOSUREPOST-CLOSURE MONITORINGPOTENTIAL INVESTORPOTENTIAL INVESTORSPRECIOUS METALSPRECIPITATIONPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCERSPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTION PATTERNSPROSPECTINGRECLAMATIONRECYCLINGREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSREMITTANCESRENEWABLE RESOURCESRESOLUTION MECHANISMSRESOLUTION OF DISPUTESRESOURCE CURSERESOURCE RENTSRESOURCE USEREVENUE COLLECTIONREVENUE MANAGEMENTREVENUE TRANSPARENCYREVOCATION OF LICENSESROYALTY PAYMENTSSAFETY REGULATIONSSALTSMALL DEPOSITSSMALL MINESSMALL SCALESMALL SCALE MININGSMALL SCALE MINING SECTORSMALL-SCALESMALL-SCALE MINESSMALL-SCALE MININGSMALL-SCALE MINING SECTORSMELTERSOCIAL MITIGATIONSOLID MINERALSSTATE-OWNED MINESSTEELSTOCK EXCHANGESTOCK EXCHANGESSUBSIDENCESUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTAXATIONTITANIUMTRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITYWorld Bank10.1596/3080