Marquez, Patricio V.Farrington, Jill L.2013-12-272013-12-272013-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16451This report draws on a comprehensive review of the literature and on input from policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to address four questions: (1) how is the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and road traffic injuries (RTIs) changing the epidemiology of Sub-Saharan Africa? (2) What determines and drives this burden, and what are the commonalities with communicable diseases? (3) What is the rationale for public intervention? (4) How could resource-constrained governments approach NCD prevention and treatment and road safety in a comprehensive, effective and efficient way? The data show that action against NCDs and RTIs in Sub-Saharan Africa is needed, together with continued efforts to address communicable diseases and maternal and child health as well as to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The report suggests that NCDs and RTIs should not be tackled separately as a vertical program, nor should they displace communicable diseases as priorities. Instead, given resource constraints, and some shared determinants, characteristics, and interventions, there is scope for an integrated approach focusing on functions (prevention, treatment, and care) rather than on disease categories. Examples are cited of potential opportunities to integrate and add NCD prevention and treatment into existing services and programs. Proven, cost-effective, prevention interventions are clearly needed, many of which (such as tobacco and alcohol taxes, road safety measures, and fuel-efficient ventilated cook-stoves) require action beyond the health sector. These can deliver broader development benefits in addition to their benefits for health. Selective, evidence-based actions to reduce NCDs and RTIs will address the changing disease burden in Africa and achieve a more sustainable improvement in health outcomes, more efficient use of resources, and better equity across patients and populations.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOABORTIONACCIDENTSACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMEADOLESCENTSAGE GROUPSAGEDAIRAIR POLLUTIONALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONASTHMABICYCLESBLOOD SUGARBREASTFEEDINGBURDEN OF DISEASEBUSESCANCER OF THE CERVIXCANCERSCARCAR USECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCARSCAUSES OF DEATHCEREBROVASCULAR DISEASESCERVICAL CANCERCERVICAL CANCER SCREENINGCHILDHOOD DISEASESCHOLESTEROLCHRONIC CONDITIONSCHRONIC DISEASECHRONIC DISEASESCIRCUMCISIONCLIMATE CHANGECOMMUNICABLE DISEASECOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCORONARY HEART DISEASECRASHESCRIMECYCLISTSDEATH RATEDEGENERATIVE DISEASESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDIABETESDIABETES MELLITUSDIAGNOSISDIARRHOEAL DISEASESDIETDIETSDISABILITIESDISABILITYDISADVANTAGED POPULATIONSDISEASEDISEASE BURDENDISEASE CONTROLDISEASE MANAGEMENTDISEASE PATTERNDISPOSABLE INCOMEDRINKING WATERDRIVERSDRIVINGEFFECTIVE USEEMERGENCY CAREENDEMIC COUNTRIESEPIDEMICEPIDEMIOLOGYEXTERNALITIESEYE DISEASESFAMILIESFATALITIESFATALITYFATALITY RATESFEMALESFUELFUELSGLOBAL HEALTHGREENHOUSE EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHAZARDSHEALTH CAREHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH INEQUITIESHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SURVEYSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH WORKERSHEART ATTACKSHEART DISEASEHEART FAILUREHEAVY RELIANCEHEMORRHAGEHEPATITISHEPATITIS BHEPATITIS B VIRUSHEPATITIS CHERPESHIGH BLOOD PRESSUREHIVHIV POSITIVEHIV TRANSMISSIONHIV/AIDSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSHYGIENEHYPERTENSIONIMMUNE DEFICIENCYIMMUNODEFICIENCYINFECTIONINFECTIONSINFORMATION SYSTEMSINJURIESINJURYINSPECTIONINTERVENTIONIRONJOURNEYSLAWSLEADING CAUSESLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVERLIVER CANCERLONG-DISTANCELOW BIRTH WEIGHTLUNG DISEASESLYMPHOMASMALARIAMALARIA CONTROLMALARIA DEATHSMALNUTRITIONMARKETINGMATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTHMATERNAL DEATHSMATERNAL HEALTHMATERNAL MORTALITYMEDICAL CENTERMEDICAL SCHOOLMEDICINEMEDICINESMENINGITISMENTAL HEALTHMENTAL ILLNESSMETABOLISMMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINISTRY OF HEALTHMODE OF TRANSPORTMORBIDITYMORTALITYMORTALITY RATEMOTOR VEHICLESMYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONNCDNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESNUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCYOBESITYPANDEMICSPARASITIC DISEASESPARTICULAR CHALLENGESPASSENGERSPATIENTPATIENTSPEDESTRIANPEDESTRIAN DEATHSPEDESTRIANSPHYSICAL ACTIVITYPOLICEPOLICY MAKERSPOLIOPOLLUTIONPOPULATION GROWTHPRACTITIONERSPREMATURE DEATHPREVALENCEPREVENTION INTERVENTIONSPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPROSTATEPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONQUALITY IMPROVEMENTQUALITY OF LIFERAILWAYRECREATIONREHABILITATIONRESOURCE CONSTRAINTSRESPIRATORY DISEASERESPIRATORY DISEASESRESPIRATORY INFECTIONSRISK FACTORSRISK GROUPSROADROAD DEATHSROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD INJURIESROAD SAFETYROAD TRAFFICROAD USERROADSSAFETY MEASURESSANITATIONSARCOMASCHISTOSOMASCREENINGSEAT BELTSSEXSICKLE CELL DISEASESMOKERSSMOKINGSOCIAL CHANGESOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL IMPACTSOCIAL SERVICESSODIUMSTARVATIONSTISSTOMACHSYMPTOMSSYPHILISSYRINGESTBTB CONTROLTELEMEDICINETHERAPIESTHERAPYTOBACCO PRODUCTSTRAFFIC DEATHTRAFFIC DEATH RATETRAFFIC DEATHSTRAFFIC INJURIESTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT STRATEGYTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTREATMENTTROPICAL DISEASESTRUCKSTUBERCULOSISUNEMPLOYMENTUNSAFE ABORTIONUSE OF RESOURCESVACCINATIONVACCINESVEHICLESVIOLENCEVIRUSVULNERABLE ROAD USERSWALKINGWASTEWEALTHWORKERSWORKING CONDITIONSYOUNG ADULTSWorld Bank10.1596/16451