Ebenstein, AvrahamHarrison, AnnMcMillan, MargaretPhillips, Shannon2012-03-192012-03-192011-08-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3512The authors link industry-level data on trade and offshoring with individual-level worker data from the Current Population Surveys. They find that occupational exposure to globalization is associated with larger wage effects than industry exposure. This effect has been overlooked because it operates between rather than within sectors of the economy. The authors also find that globalization is associated with a reallocation of workers across sectors and occupations. They estimate wage losses of 2 to 4 percent among workers leaving manufacturing and 4 to 11 percent among workers who also switch occupations. These effects are most pronounced for workers who perform routine tasks.CC BY 3.0 IGOAFFECTED WORKERSAGGREGATE EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTUREBUSINESS CYCLECELL PHONECELL PHONESCOMMERCECOMPUTER TECHNOLOGYCOMPUTERSCONFIDENTIAL DATACONSUMER PRICE INDEXDECLINING WAGESDEMOGRAPHICDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISPLACED WORKERSDOMESTIC WORKERSDOWNWARD PRESSUREECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC RESEARCHEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEFFICIENCY WAGESEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT TRENDSEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONSEXOGENOUS SHOCKEXOGENOUS VARIABLESEXPORT GROWTHEXPORTSEXPOSUREFOREIGN COMPETITIONFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN LABORGENERAL EQUILIBRIUMGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBALIZATIONGROUP WORKERSHIGH WAGEHIGH WAGESHOURLY WAGEHOURLY WAGESHUMAN CAPITALINCOMEINCOME INEQUALITYINDUSTRY WAGEINSTITUTIONINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONINTERNATIONAL TRADEIPJOBSJOBS CREATIONLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR STATISTICSLABOR SUPPLYLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESLOW-INCOME COUNTRYMANAGERIAL SKILLSMANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIESMATHEMATICSMISSING VALUESMORTALITYMOTIVATIONOCCUPATIONOCCUPATIONAL MOBILITYOCCUPATIONSOLDER WORKERSOPEN ACCESSOUTSOURCINGPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOSITIVE EFFECTSPRESENT EVIDENCEPREVIOUS RESULTSPREVIOUS STUDIESPREVIOUS WORKPRICE SERIESPRODUCT MARKETPRODUCT PRICEPRODUCT PRICESPRODUCTION WAGESPRODUCTION WORKERSPRODUCTIVE FIRMSPRODUCTIVITY GAINSPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTSPRODUCTIVITY LEVELREAL WAGEREAL WAGESRENTSRESULTSALARIED WORKERSSERVICE EMPLOYMENTSERVICE SECTORSERVICE SECTORSSKILL GROUPSSKILLED WORKERSTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGETECHNOLOGICAL CHANGESTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTSTELEPHONETELEPHONE CONNECTIONSTELEPHONESTIME PERIODTIME PERIODSTOTAL EMPLOYMENTTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTOTAL OUTPUTTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICYTRADE REFORMSUNIQUE IDENTIFIERSUNSKILLED LABORUNSKILLED WORKERSVOLATILITYWAGE ADJUSTMENTWAGE DETERMINATIONWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWAGE DISTRIBUTIONWAGE EFFECTSWAGE EMPLOYMENTWAGE IMPACTWAGE INEQUALITYWAGE LOSSWAGE LOSSESWAGE PREMIUMWAGE PREMIUMSWAGE RATEWAGE STRUCTUREWEBWORKERWORKERSYOUNGER WORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5750