World Bank2014-04-172014-04-172007-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17911This report is part of the Energy and Water Department's commitment to providing new techniques and knowledge which complement the direct investment and other assistance to electrification as provided by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The purpose of this report is to convey the results of an assessment of the current and future economic readiness of electric power generation alternatives for developing countries. The objective of the technical and economic assessment was to systematically characterize the commercial and economic prospects of renewable and fossil fuel-fired electricity generation technologies now, and in the near future. The study was designed to cover the widest possible range of electrification applications faced by energy services delivery and power system planners, whether supply is provided through grid networks or stand-alone or mini-grid configurations. The assessment was conducted using a standard approach and is presented in a consistent fashion for each power generation technology configuration. The assessment time frame includes current status and forecast development trends over the period 2005-15, while the economic assessment considers a range of typical operating conditions (peak, off-peak) and grid configurations (off-grid, mini-grid, interconnected grid) for various scales of demand. The technology characterization reflects the current stage of commercialization, including indicative cost reduction trends over 10 years. This study is limited in several ways. First, it is time-bound. It does not reflect new technology developments or new secular trends that have emerged since the terms of reference were formalized. Secondly, it is bound by the available literature. Thirdly, the results are generalized and represent averaging over what are important specific conditions (although the uncertainty analysis accounts for this somewhat).en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYAMBIENT AIRAMMONIAANAEROBIC DIGESTERANAEROBIC DIGESTIONANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEMANIMAL DUNGAPPROACHAVAILABILITYBALANCEBATTERIESBED COMBUSTIONBED COMBUSTORBED COMBUSTORSBIOGASBIOMASSBIOMASS COMBUSTIONBIOMASS FEEDSTOCKBIOMASS FUELBIOMASS FUELSBIOMASS GASBIOMASS GASIFICATIONBIOMASS TECHNOLOGIESBOILERBOILERSBURNERSCALCIUM SULFATECALORIFIC VALUECAPACITY FACTORCAPACITY FACTORSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON MONOXIDECATALYTIC REDUCTIONCELLULOSECOALCOAL TECHNOLOGIESCOGENERATIONCOLLECTION EFFICIENCYCOMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION OF BIOMASSCOMBUSTION TURBINECOMBUSTION TURBINESCOMBUSTORCONSTRUCTION COSTCONVENTIONAL GENERATIONCONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIESCOST OF ELECTRICITYCOSTS OF ELECTRICITYCRUDE OILDIESELDIESEL ENGINEDIESEL GENERATORSDISTRIBUTION FACILITIESDRILLINGEFFICIENT LIGHTINGELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER GENERATIONELECTRIC POWER PLANTELECTRIC POWER PLANTSELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMELECTRIC SYSTEMELECTRICAL LOADSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIESELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOREMISSIONEMISSION CONTROLEMISSION REGULATIONSEMISSIONSENERGY DEMANDENERGY OUTLOOKENERGY PLANNERSENERGY RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEESPFLUE GASFLUE GAS DESULFURIZATIONFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL PLANTSFUELFUEL CELLFUEL CELLSFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL COSTFUEL COSTSFUEL OILFUEL PRICESFUEL REQUIREMENTSFUEL SUPPLYGAS MIXTUREGAS TREATMENTGAS TURBINEGAS TURBINESGASIFICATION PROCESSGASOLINEGENERATIONGEOTHERMAL ELECTRICGEOTHERMAL PLANTSGEOTHERMAL POWERGEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTGEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTSGEOTHERMAL PROJECTSGEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRGEOTHERMAL RESOURCEGEOTHERMAL RESOURCESGEOTHERMAL SYSTEMSGEOTHERMAL WELLSGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GASESGRID APPLICATIONSGRID CONNECTIONGRID ELECTRIFICATIONGRID EXTENSIONGRID INTEGRATIONGRID POWERGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEATHEAT EXCHANGERHEAT RECOVERYHEAT TRANSFERHIGH-PRESSURE STEAMHOT SPRINGSHOT WATERHYDRO POWERHYDRO POWER PLANTSHYDROELECTRIC POWERHYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTHYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTSHYDROGENHYDROGEN SULFIDEHYDROTHERMAL RESOURCESINJECTION PUMPINJECTION WELLSINTERNAL COMBUSTIONLARGE POWER PLANTSLARGE WIND TURBINESLNGMANUREMETHANENATURAL GASNITROGENNITROGEN OXIDESOILOIL PRICEOIL PRICESOXYGENPARTICULATEPARTICULATESPEAK LOADPEAK LOAD PERIODSPEAK POWERPETROLEUMPETROLEUM GASPILOT PROJECTSPIPELINEPOLLUTIONPOTASSIUMPOWERPOWER BLOCKPOWER COMPANYPOWER CONVERSIONPOWER COSTSPOWER ELECTRONICSPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION SYSTEMSPOWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIESPOWER GRIDSPOWER PLANT FLUEPOWER PRODUCTIONPOWER PROJECTPOWER SECTORPOWER STATIONPOWER STATIONSPOWER SYSTEMPOWER SYSTEM PLANNINGPOWER SYSTEMSPRICE OF COALPYROLYSISQUALITY ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRENEWABLE POWERRENEWABLE RESOURCERENEWABLE RESOURCESRENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIESROTOR BLADESRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONRURAL ENERGYSANDSILICASMALL WIND TURBINESSOLAR CELLSSOLAR ENERGYSOLAR INSOLATIONSOLAR POWERSOLAR POWER PLANTSSOLAR THERMALSOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICSOLID BIOMASSSTEAM GENERATIONSTEAM TURBINESTEAM TURBINESSULFURSULFUR DIOXIDESULFUR OXIDESSUNLIGHTTHERMAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMSTHERMAL ENERGYTRADITIONAL BIOMASSTRANSMISSION CAPACITYTRANSMISSION FACILITIESTRANSMISSION LINETRANSMISSION LINESTURBINE COMPONENTSTURBINE GENERATORTURBULENCEVOLTAGEWINDWIND ENERGYWIND GENERATORWIND GENERATORSWIND POWERWIND RESOURCESWIND SPEEDWIND SPEEDSWIND TURBINEWIND TURBINES10.1596/17911