van de Walle, DominiqueKoolwal, Gayatri2012-03-192012-03-192010-05-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3789Poor rural women in the developing world spend considerable time collecting water. How then do they respond to improved access to water infrastructure? Does it increase their participation in income earning market-based activities? Does it improve the health and education outcomes of their children? To help address these questions, a new approach for dealing with the endogeneity of infrastructure placement in cross-sectional surveys is proposed and implemented using data for nine developing countries. The paper does not find that access to water comes with greater off-farm work for women, although in countries where substantial gender gaps in schooling exist, both boys' and girls' enrollments improve with better access to water. There are also some signs of impacts on child health as measured by anthropometric z-scores.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCESS TO MARKETSADEQUATE EDUCATIONAGEDAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGYALTERNATIVE APPROACHANTENATAL CAREBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBENEFICIAL EFFECTSCHILD CARECHILD HEALTHCHILD LABORCHILD MORTALITYCHILD NUTRITIONCHILD REARINGCHILD WELFARECHILDBEARINGCOMMUNITY MEMBERSCONSTRUCTIONCULTURAL CHANGEDECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING PROCESSESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISABILITYDISEASESDOMESTIC WORKLOADDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER SUPPLYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESEMPOWERING WOMENFAMILIESFEMALE LABOR FORCEFERTILITYFIRST MARRIAGEFOOD SECURITYFRESHWATER AVAILABILITYGAP BETWEEN GIRLSGENDER EQUALITYGENDER GAPGENDER GAPSGLOBAL WATER CRISISGREEN REVOLUTIONGROUNDWATERHEALTH CAREHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH OUTCOMESHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLNESSIMPORTANT POLICYINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINFANTINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTELABOR FORCELABOR MARKETSLABOR SUPPLYLAND OWNERSHIPLAUNDRYLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL INFRASTRUCTURELOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMARITAL STATUSMIGRATIONMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMOTHERNATURAL RESOURCENUTRITIONAL STATUSOLDER WOMENPIPED WATERPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOPULATION DENSITYPRICE OF WATERPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLSPROGRESSREMITTANCESRESOURCE CONSTRAINTSRESPECTRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL POPULATIONRURAL PRODUCTIVITYRURAL WATERRURAL WATER SUPPLYRURAL WOMENSANITATIONSCHOOL ATTENDANCESECONDARY SCHOOLSEXSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL NORMSSOURCE OF DRINKING WATERSPILLOVERSPOUSETEENAGE GIRLSTRANSPORTATIONWALKINGWATER COLLECTIONWATER INFRASTRUCTUREWATER QUALITYWATER RESOURCESWATER SHORTAGESWATER SOURCEWATER SOURCESWATER USEWELLSWOMANWORKERSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUNG CHILDRENWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5302