World Bank2013-02-082013-02-082012-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12285As a result of low fertility rates and high life expectancy, the current demographic trends in Sri Lanka include a declining share of children and increasing share of elderly, and (for now) an increasing working age population. Sri Lanka has a unique window of opportunity to take advantage of the high share of working age population to stimulate economic growth, but the other two emerging population issues spur questions on their own. In this context, the report discusses some of the economic implications of demographic transition in Sri Lanka, focusing on employment and productivity related issues on one side; and performance of cash transfer programs aiming to assist the poor and vulnerable groups on the other. This report quantifies Sri Lanka's demographic change by providing updated population projections and by applying National Transfers Accounts methodology documenting how the demographic change and aging contribute to life-cycle deficit and to Sri Lanka's employment and labor market. The challenges and opportunities associated with the upcoming demographic transition are highlighted, focusing on the functioning of the labor markets and the social safety net system. The report discusses different avenues that the country can take to make its labor market more efficient and inclusive, and offset some of the disadvantages faced by the poor and vulnerable households. The analysis in this report suggests that timely policy actions can enable Sri Lanka to effectively cope with its changing demographic structure.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADULT EDUCATIONAGE CATEGORYAGE DISTRIBUTIONAGE GROUPAGE GROUPSAGED WORKERSALLEVIATION OF POVERTYBREAST CANCERCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASECERVICAL CANCERCHILD REARINGCHILD-CARECIVIL UNRESTCIVIL WARCONTRACEPTIVE METHODDECLINES IN MORTALITYDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGEDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESDEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSDEPENDENCY BURDENDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISABILITYDISCRIMINATIONDISMISSALDISPLACEMENTDRIVERSDRUGSEARNINGECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELDERLYELDERLY POPULATIONEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT POLICYEMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATIONEMPLOYMENT SECURITYEMPLOYMENT TRENDSFAMILY STRUCTURESFAMILY TIESFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFERTILITYFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY RATESFERTILITY TRANSITIONFIRST BIRTHFIRST MARRIAGEFOOD SUPPLIESFORMAL EDUCATIONFUTURE POPULATIONGENDER BALANCEGENDER EQUITYGENDER GAPGENDER PARITYGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATESHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD DUTIESHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIESHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESIMPACT OF CONFLICTIMPACT OF EDUCATIONIMPACT OF POPULATIONIMPORTANT POLICYINCOME PROFILEINDIVIDUAL MEMBERSINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATESINFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL SECTOR WORKERSINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINVESTMENTS IN EDUCATIONJOB CREATIONJOB SEARCHJOB SECURITYJOBSLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKET REGULATIONSLABOR MARKETSLABOR MIGRANTSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR REGULATIONSLEGISLATORSLIFE EXPECTANCYLIMITED RESOURCESLOW FERTILITYMALARIAMARITAL FERTILITYMARRIED WOMENMIDWIFEMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORTALITYNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF PEOPLENUMBER OF WOMENNUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL NEEDSNUTRITIONAL STATUSNUTRITIONAL STATUS OF WOMENOCCUPATIONSOLD AGEOLD-AGEOLDER WORKERSOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENPARTICIPATION OF WOMENPENSIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOOR HEALTHPOPULATION CHANGEPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH TRENDSPOPULATION ISSUESPOPULATION PLANNINGPOPULATION PROJECTIONSPOPULATION SIZEPRIMARY OBJECTIVEPRIVATE COSTSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEESPRIVATE SECTOR WORKERSPRIVATE TRANSFERSPROGRAM DESIGNPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITUREPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEESPUBLIC SECTOR JOBSPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SUPPORTREFUGEESREMITTANCESREPLACEMENT LEVELREPRODUCTIVE AGEREPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORREPRODUCTIVE LIFERESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE CONSTRAINTSRESPECTRETIREMENTRURAL AREASRURAL POPULATIONRURAL WOMENSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSCHOOL AGESCHOOL-AGE CHILDRENSECONDARY SCHOOLINGSECURITY SITUATIONSELF-EMPLOYMENT INCOMESERVANTSSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE SECTORSERVICE UTILIZATIONSEXSEX RATIOSKILLED LABORSKILLED OCCUPATIONSSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL IMPACTSOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURESOCIAL SECURITYSTERILIZATIONTERTIARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY LEVELTRAINING PROGRAMSTRANSPORTATIONUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONURBAN AREASUSE OF CONTRACEPTIVESVOCATIONAL TRAININGVULNERABILITYVULNERABLE GROUPSWAGE EMPLOYMENTWOMANWORKERWORKFORCEWORKING MOTHERSWORKING POPULATIONYOUNG ADULTSYOUNG AGEYOUNG CHILDRENYOUNG MENYOUNG PEOPLEYOUTH EMPLOYMENTYOUTH UNEMPLOYMENTYOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATESWorld Bank10.1596/12285