World Bank2013-03-282013-03-282009-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13020The Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Study evaluates the effects of improved fuel specifications on refiningoperations and air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The improved fuel specifications would reduce the levels of certain pollutants in fuels, in turn reducing human exposure to these pollutants in ambient air. The health study estimates the health impacts and associated monetary benefits associated with the proposed improvements in fuel quality. The estimated monetary benefits will be compared to the costs to the refining industry associated with a change in fuel specifications, by region, as presented in Volume II,the Refinery Studyen-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAIR EMISSIONSAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYALKYLATION UNITSALTERNATIVE ENERGYAPPROACHAROMATICSAVAILABILITYBALANCEBARRELBARREL OF OILBARRELS PER DAYBENZENEBENZENE CONTENTBENZENE REDUCTIONCAPITAL INVESTMENTCATALYTIC CONVERTERSCATALYTIC CRACKINGCLEAN AIRCLEAN AIR INITIATIVECLEAN FUELSCLEANER FUELCO2CO2 EMISSIONSCOALCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCECOMMERCIAL TRUCKSCOMMODITY PRICESCRUDE OILCRUDE OIL IMPORTSCRUDE OIL PRICECRUDE OILSCRUDE PRICECRUDE PRODUCTIONDEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTSDEMAND GROWTHDESULFURIZATIONDESULFURIZATION CAPACITYDIESELDIESEL FUELDIESEL OILDIESEL SULFURDISPOSABLE INCOMEDISTILLATIONDISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTUREDOWNSTREAM OILELIMINATION OF LEAD IN GASOLINEEMISSIONEMISSION CONTROLEMISSION STANDARDSEMISSIONSENERGY DEMANDENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATIONENERGY OUTLOOKENGINEENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYETHANOLETHANOL SUPPLIESEXTRACTIONFEEDSTOCKSFINISHED PRODUCTFINISHED PRODUCTSFREIGHTFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL DEMANDFUEL EFFICIENCYFUEL OILFUEL SPECIFICATIONSFUEL STANDARDSFUEL USEGASGAS OILGAS PRODUCTIONGAS PRODUCTION FACILITIESGASOLINEGASOLINE COMPONENTGASOLINE DEMANDGASOLINE DESULFURIZATIONGASOLINE IMPORTSGASOLINE PRODUCTIONGENERATIONGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHIGH SULFUR CONTENTHIGHER OIL PRICESHIGHWAYHYDROCRACKINGHYDROGENHYDROGEN PLANTIMPORTS OF ETHANOLINFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITYINSPECTIONINTERMEDIATE PRODUCTSINTERNATIONAL TRADELNGLUBRICITYMARKET CONDITIONSMARKETPLACEMILLION BARRELSMILLION BARRELS PER DAYNATURAL GASNATURAL GAS LIQUIDSNATURAL RESOURCESNGLSOCTANEOILOIL AND GASOIL COMPANIESOIL DEMANDOIL EQUIVALENTOIL IMPORTSOIL MARKETOIL MARKETSOIL PRICESOIL PRODUCERSOIL PRODUCINGOIL PRODUCING COUNTRIESOIL REFINERYOIL REFININGOIL SUPPLYOILSOLEFINSOPECOPEN MARKETSPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPERSONAL VEHICLESPETROLEUMPETROLEUM DEMANDPETROLEUM INDUSTRYPETROLEUM MARKETPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPETROLEUM REFINERIESPOLLUTANTSPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION CONTROLPOLLUTION EMISSIONSPOWERPRICE ADJUSTMENTSPRICE DIFFERENTIALSPRICE ELASTICITIESPRICE ELASTICITYPRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMANDPRICE PROJECTIONPRICE PROJECTIONSPRICE SUBSIDIESPRIVATE VEHICLESPRODUCT MARKETSPRODUCT QUALITYREFINERIESREFINERY CAPACITYREFINERY CLOSURESREFINERY FUELREFINERY GATERESIDUAL FUELRESIDUAL FUEL OILROADROUTESOXSPREADSTREAMSULFURSULFUR CONTENTSULFUR DIOXIDESULFUR REDUCTIONSUPPLIERSSUPPLY COSTSUPPLY COSTSSURPLUSSURPLUSESSYNTHETIC FUELSTAILPIPE EMISSIONTERTIARY BUTYL ETHERTRANSPORTTRANSPORT FUELTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION FUELSURBAN AREASVEHICLEVEHICLE EMISSIONVEHICLE EMISSION CONTROLVEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIESVEHICLE USEVEHICLESVOLATILITYWEALTHWORLD MARKETWORLD OIL PRICESWorld Bank10.1596/13020