Chander, AnupamAbraham, MeazaChandy, SandeepFang, YuanPark, DayoungYu, Isabel2021-03-252021-03-252021-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/35306Is privacy a luxury for the rich world? Remarkably, there is a dearth of literature evaluating whether data privacy is too costly for companies to implement, or too expensive for governments to enforce. This paper is the first to offer a review of surveys of costs of compliance, and to summarize national budgets for enforcement. The study shows that while privacy may indeed prove costly for companies to implement, it is not too costly for governments to enforce. This study will help inform governments as they fashion and implement privacy laws to address the “privacy enforcement gap”—the disparity between the privacy on the books, and the privacy on the ground.CC BY 3.0 IGODATA PRIVACYDATA REGULATIONDATA PROTECTIONGLOBALIZATIONTRADEWDR BACKGROUND PAPERWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-9594