Ahmed, KulsumSánchez-Triana, ErnestoAwe, Yewande2012-05-302012-05-3020070-8213-6888-5https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6700The analysis of the cost of environmental degradation conducted as part of the country environmental analysis (CEA) shows that the most costly problems associated with environmental degradation are urban and indoor air pollution; inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene; natural disasters (such as flooding and landslides); and land degradation. The burden of these costs falls most heavily on vulnerable segments of the population. To address these problems, this report identifies a number of cost-effective policy interventions that could be adopted in the short and medium terms to support sustainable development goals. In recent decades, considerable progress has been made in addressing the water and the forestry environmental agendas. The impact of environmental degradation on the most vulnerable groups suggests the need to increase emphasis on environmental health issues. However, the environmental management agenda has yet to catch up with this shift in priorities from watershed and forestry to environmental health problems because mechanisms in the current institutional structure to signal these changes are not yet in place. Improved monitoring and dissemination of information on environmental outcomes, assignment of accountability for environmental actions and outcomes, and involvement of a broad range of stakeholders are three important mechanisms to allow these signals to be picked up.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION CONTROLAIR QUALITYAQUEDUCTSBASIC SANITATIONBIODIVERSITYBODBROAD RANGECANCERCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECHILD HEALTHCHILD MORTALITYCITIZENCITIZENSCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATE CHANGECOALCOLLECTION SYSTEMSCONSTRUCTIONCONTAMINATED WATERCOST ANALYSISDEFORESTATIONDEVELOPMENT OF POLICIESDEVELOPMENT PLANNINGDEVELOPMENT POLICYDIESEL FUELSDISABILITYDISASTER PREPAREDNESSDISEASESDISSEMINATIONDISSEMINATION OF INFORMATIONDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER QUALITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INSTRUMENTSECONOMIC VALUEECOSYSTEMEMERGENCIESEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION STANDARDSEMISSIONSENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTSENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATIONENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTEROSION CONTROLETHNIC GROUPSEXPENDITURESFINANCIAL RESOURCESFOREST COVERFORESTRYFRESHWATER RESOURCESFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUTURE GENERATIONSGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTGLOBAL WARMINGGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGREENHOUSE GASGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROUNDWATERHAZARDOUS WASTESHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH IMPACTHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH RISKSHEALTHY ENVIRONMENTHEALTHY LIFEHEAVY METALSHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN SETTLEMENTHUMAN SETTLEMENTSILLNESSILLNESSESINCOMEINDIGENOUS PEOPLESINDOOR AIR POLLUTIONINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIONINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMSINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMSINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONLAND DEGRADATIONLAND USELAND-USE PLANNINGLARGE CITIESLEGAL STATUSLEGISLATIONMASS MEDIAMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINESMINISTRY OF HEALTHMONITORING PROGRAMMOTHERMPSMUNICIPAL WASTEWATERNATIONAL COUNCILNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNATIONAL GOVERNMENTNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL PLANSNATIONAL POLICIESNATIONAL RESOURCESNATURAL DISASTERNATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNUMBER OF DEATHSNUMBER OF PEOPLEOILORAL REHYDRATION THERAPYOZONEPHPOLICY FORMULATIONPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION CHARGESPOLLUTION FEESPOLLUTION LEVELSPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR PEOPLEPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROUPSPOTABLE WATERPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRESIDENTIAL DECREEPRIVATE DOCTORSPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPROTECTED AREASPUBLIC AWARENESSPUBLIC DEBATEPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONPUBLIC PERCEPTIONSPUBLIC POLICYQUALITY OF LIFEQUALITY STANDARDSREDUCING EMISSIONSREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSRESOURCES MANAGEMENTRESPECTRISK MANAGEMENTRURAL AREASRURAL WATER SUPPLYSAFE WATERSANITATIONSAVINGSSCIENTIFIC RESEARCHSECTORAL POLICIESSERVICE PROVISIONSOCIAL PARTICIPATIONSOCIAL POLICYSOIL CONSERVATIONSOIL DEGRADATIONSOIL EROSIONSOLID WASTESSTREAMSSULFUR DIOXIDESUSPENDED SOLIDSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIESSUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTHSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL CAPACITYTECHNICAL RESOURCESTRANSPORTATIONURBAN AIR POLLUTIONURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN SLUM DWELLERSURBANIZATIONVULNERABILITYVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE POPULATIONSWASHINGWASTE DISPOSALWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMSWATER MANAGEMENTWATER POLLUTIONWATER RESOURCESWATER SUPPLYWATERSHEDWETLANDSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-6888-6