World Bank2013-10-072013-10-072010-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16098The national accounts are the single most important source of information about the economy, and are widely used in all countries to assess economic performance and for policy analysis. However, the national accounts have a number of well-known shortcomings when it comes to treatment of the environment. For example, while the income from harvesting timber is recorded in national accounts, the simultaneous depletion of natural forest assets is not; perhaps more importantly, essential life-support services provided by forest ecosystems are not explicitly recognized at all. Environmental accounts 'greening the national accounts' have been developed to address the shortcomings of the national accounts, but valuation of environmental services has been controversial.The development of methods to value environmental goods and services continues to evolve apace. In an increasing number of countries, the practical uptake of these methods has accelerated in numerous areas of public policy that have environmental consequences. One policy related domain, however, where this uptake has been largely conspicuous by its absence is national accounting. In this paper, we hope to make the case that there is an opportunity to address this situation.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADVERSE CONSEQUENCESAGRICULTUREAIRAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY MANAGEMENTAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONSAMMONIAANXIETYASSET VALUATIONASSET VALUEASSETSATMOSPHEREBIOMASSCANCERCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON ENERGYCARBON MONOXIDECARBON SEQUESTRATIONCLEAN AIRCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COLORSCONSUMER SURPLUSCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURESCONTINGENT VALUATIONCOST OF CARBONCOST-BENEFITDAMAGESDEMAND CURVEDISCOUNT FACTORDISCOUNT RATEDOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPSDRINKING WATERDUSTECOLOGICAL STATUSECOLOGICAL SYSTEMSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMIC VALUEECONOMIC WELFAREECONOMICSECOSYSTEMEMISSIONEMISSIONSEMISSIONS INVENTORIESENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTINGENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTSENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIESENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL CHANGESENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICSENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMISTSENVIRONMENTAL GOODSENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL VALUATIONENVIRONMENTAL VALUESEROSION CONTROLEXERCISESEXPENDITURESEXTERNALITIESEXTREME EVENTSFEASIBILITYFISHERIESFOOD PRODUCTIONFORESTFOREST ECOSYSTEMSFOREST PRODUCTSFOREST TYPESFORESTSGDPGHGGHGSGREEN ACCOUNTINGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASESHEADACHESHEALTH CAREHEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PROBLEMSHUMAN CAPITALHYDROCARBONSIMMUNITYINTERVENTIONINVENTORIESINVENTORYLAND USELIFE EXPECTANCYLOWER RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMSMARGINAL ABATEMENTMARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTSMARKET PRICESMONETARY TERMSMONETARY VALUEMONETARY VALUESMORBIDITYMORTALITYNATIONAL ACCOUNTINGNATIONAL ACCOUNTSNATIONAL INCOMENATURAL CAPITALNATURAL RESOURCESNH3NITRATENITRATE PARTICLESNITROGENNITROGEN DIOXIDENITROGEN OXIDESNO2NON-USE VALUESNORMAL GOODNOXNUTRIENTSO3OPPORTUNITY COSTSOZONEPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPASSIVE USEPM10POLICY ANALYSISPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY RELEVANCEPOLLUTION CONCENTRATIONSPOPULATION DENSITIESPORTFOLIOPRESENT VALUEPRODUCERSPRODUCTION FUNCTIONPRODUCTIVITYPURCHASING POWERRAINFALLRELATIVE PRICEREPLACEMENT COSTSSCENARIOSSHADOW PRICESHADOW PRICESSINKSO2SOCIAL COST OF CARBONSTATISTICAL ANALYSISSTORM PROTECTIONSUBSTITUTIONSULPHURSULPHUR DIOXIDETIMBERTOTAL ECONOMIC VALUEUNCERTAINTIESUSE VALUEVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSWATER POLLUTIONWATER QUALITYWEALTHWETLANDSWILLINGNESS TO ACCEPTWILLINGNESS TO PAYWINDWORKERSWTAWTPWorld Bank10.1596/16098