World Bank2013-06-132013-06-132001-060-8213-4938-4https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13908The countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are blessed with an extraordinary cultural patrimony, secular and religious, of huge importance for each country and for humankind at large. The region is home to 48 sites already inscribed on the world heritage list maintained by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and has an enormous nonmaterial heritage as well. The Middle East is also the cradle of the world's major monotheistic religions. This cultural patrimony is a cornerstone of many people's existence and nourishes their daily lives. It must continue to flourish. This report analyzes the cultural heritage sector in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa, and the World Bank's policy and operational experiences in this sector over the past six years, 1996-2001. It has three objectives: 1) to explore the characteristics, capacities, needs, and constraints of the region's cultural sector and their relevance to overall country development; 2) to take stock, describe, and analyze the World Bank's past and current support for preservation and management of the region's cultural heritage; and 3) to extract the lessons of experience and define the strategy framework for future Bank assistance for preserving and managing the MENA region's patrimony.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS ROADACCESS TO CULTUREADVERSE IMPACTSAGRICULTUREAIR POLLUTIONANCIENT TRADITIONSARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONSARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINSARCHAEOLOGICAL SITESARCHAEOLOGISTSARCHESARCHITECTURAL WORKSARCHITECTUREARTARTISANAL PRODUCTSARTISANSARTISTSARTSAWARENESS RAISINGBASILICABELIEFSBONDSBOOKSELLERSBRIDGEBRONZEBUILT HERITAGEBUSINESSMENCAPACITY BUILDINGCHURCHCHURCHESCITIESCIVIL SOCIETIESCIVIL SOCIETYCIVILIZATIONCOLLAPSECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGESCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENTOLD TOWNPAINTINGPALACESPENALTIESPERFORMANCESPHILOSOPHYPLURALISMPOPULAR CULTUREPOSITIVE EFFECTSPOTTERYPRESERVATIONPRODUCTIVITYPUBLIC GOODRECONSTRUCTION PROJECTSRELIGIOUS BUILDINGSRELIGIOUS COMMUNITIESRELIGIOUS PROPERTIESRESTORATIONROBBERYSCHOOLSSCULPTURESEISMIC EVENTSSHRINESSILVERSOCIAL CAPITALSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL INCLUSIONSOUVENIR SHOPSSPORTSSTONE CARVINGSSTORYTELLINGSTREETSTEMPLETEMPLESTHEATERTHEFTTOURISMTRADITIONAL ARTSTRADITIONAL CRAFTSTRADITIONAL HOUSESTRADITIONAL MUSICTRADITIONSUNEMPLOYMENTUNIVERSAL VALUEURBAN DEVELOPMENTVALUE ADDEDWATER SUPPLYWEALTHWOODEN OBJECTSWORKS OF ARTWORLD HERITAGEWORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEEWORLD HERITAGE LISTWORLD HERITAGE SITEWORLD HERITAGE SITESCOMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKCONSERVATIONCONSERVATION PROJECTSCONSERVATION WORKCONSOLIDATIONCONTINGENT VALUATIONCRAFTSCULTURAL ACTIVITIESCULTURAL ASSETSCULTURAL DEVELOPMENTCULTURAL DIVERSITYCULTURAL ENTERPRISESCULTURAL EXPENDITURESCULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENTCULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATIONCULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION ACTIVITIESCULTURAL HERITAGE PROJECTSCULTURAL IDENTITIESCULTURAL IDENTITYCULTURAL INDUSTRIESCULTURAL INSTITUTIONSCULTURAL ISSUESCULTURAL LANDSCAPECULTURAL MODELSCULTURAL PLURALISMCULTURAL POLICYCULTURAL PRESERVATIONCULTURAL PROPERTYCULTURAL SECTORCULTURAL SERVICESCULTURAL SIGNIFICANCECULTURAL SITECULTURAL TOURISMCULTURAL TRADITIONSCULTURAL VALUECULTURE IN DEVELOPMENTCULTURESCUSTOMSDAMAGESDANCEDECENTRALIZATIONDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDEVELOPMENT PROJECTSDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDIVERSITYDOCUMENTATIONDONOR AGENCIESECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC RATE OF RETURNECONOMIC REFORMECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIC RESOURCESECONOMIC VALUEEMERGENCY REHABILITATIONEMPLOYMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONEXHIBITIONSEXPORTSFINANCIAL SECTORFOLK ARTSFOLKLOREFORTSFRESCOESGDPGEOGRAPHYGLOBAL GOVERNANCEGOVERNMENT OFFICIALSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHANDICRAFT ITEMSHANDICRAFTSHERITAGE ARTHERITAGE ASSETSHERITAGE INVENTORIESHERITAGE PROJECTHERITAGE PROTECTIONHISTORIC BUILDINGSHISTORIC CITIESHISTORIC CITYHISTORIC MONUMENTSHISTORICAL SITESHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALINDIGENOUS PEOPLESINDUSTRIALIZATIONINITIATIVEINSCRIPTIONSINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTEGRATING CULTURAL HERITAGEINTEGRATING CULTUREINTERNATIONAL SUPPORTINVESTIGATIONSJEWELRYLABOR MARKETSLANDSCAPESLAWSLEARNINGLEGAL FRAMEWORKSLIBRARIESLITERATURELIVING CULTURELIVING STANDARDSLOOTINGMANUSCRIPTSMASONRYMASTER PLANNINGMEDIEVAL HISTORYMEMORYMIGRATIONMINISTERMINISTRIES OF CULTUREMINISTRIES OF TOURISMMONUMENTSMOSAICSMOSQUEMOSQUESMOVABLE ANTIQUITIESMULTICULTURALISMMUSEUMMUSEUMSMUSICMUSICAL INSTRUMENTSNATIONAL ECONOMIESNATIONAL MUSEUMNATURAL HERITAGEWorld Bank10.1596/0-8213-4938-4