World Bank2013-12-272013-12-272013-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16446This set of technical papers was commissioned by the Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) members in India. CSI is a member-led program of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). The report represents the independent work of the CII - Godrej Green Business Centre (CII, Godrej GBC), a center of excellence of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCB). The author of each paper is shown after its title. It aims to identify, describe and evaluate technologies, which may contribute to increased energy efficiencies and reduced greenhouse gas emissions from cement production in India today and in the longer-term. The results have been reviewed by CII, NCB, CSI member companies and stakeholders like the International Energy Agency (IEA). All papers follow the same format, outlining the current status of the technology, the impact on energy consumption, anticipated benefits from implementation, the CO? reduction potential, main parameters influencing implementation, cost estimation, and the conditions, barriers and constraints of implementation. For the more futuristic technologies, where quantification is difficult, a qualitative summary is provided instead, indicating those technologies felt to be promising for future implementation and emissions reductions potential. In these papers, only the anticipated impact on energy consumption and barriers to further development can be shown. In every paper, a range of potential thermal and electrical savings is provided; this range has been reached through consultation with technical experts. Where INR costs are indicated, approximate USD equivalent costs have also been given, using exchange rate USD 1 = INR 50.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOABSORPTIONABSORPTION OF ENERGYAGRICULTURAL WASTESAIR FLOWAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTAIR TEMPERATUREAIR TEMPERATURESALKALIALKALI CONTENTALKALI METALSALKALISALTERNATIVE FUELALTERNATIVE FUELSAMMONIAAMMONIUMAMMONIUM CHLORIDEATMOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTIONAUXILIARY ENERGY CONSUMPTIONAUXILIARY EQUIPMENTAUXILIARY POWERAUXILIARY POWER CONSUMPTIONAVAILABILITYBED COMBUSTIONBIOMASS POWERBLAST FURNACEBLAST FURNACE SLAGBOILERBOILERSBUILDING MATERIALBUILDING MATERIALSBURNERSCADMIUMCALCIUMCARBONCARBON CAPTURECARBON EMISSIONSCARBON ENERGYCARBON FOOTPRINTCARBON NEUTRALCEMENTCEMENT INDUSTRYCEMENT PLANTCEMENT PLANTSCEMENT PRODUCTIONCHEMISTRYCHLORIDESCHLORINECHROMIUMCLEAN ENERGYCLEANER PRODUCTIONCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COALCOAL QUALITYCOAL TRANSPORTATIONCOGENERATIONCOMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION AIRCOMBUSTION CONTROLCOMBUSTION EFFICIENCYCOMBUSTION SYSTEMCOMPRESSED AIRCONDENSATIONCONSTRUCTION MATERIALSCOOLING TOWERCORROSIONCOST OF COALCYCLONESDIESELDIOXINSDISPOSAL COSTSDUSTEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTEFFICIENT USEEFFICIENT USE OF ENERGYELECTRIC POWERELECTRICAL POWERELECTRICITYELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOREMISSIONEMISSION LEVELEMISSION LEVELSEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIALEMISSIONS CONTROLEMISSIONS FROM CEMENT PRODUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMERSENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY COSTSENERGY EFFICIENCIESENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIESENERGY INTENSIVEENERGY LOSSENERGY LOSSESENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY PLANTATIONENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SYSTEMSENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONESPEVAPORATIONFLAME TEMPERATUREFLUORINEFLY ASHFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL CELLFUEL COMBUSTIONFUEL COSTFUEL OILFUEL PROPERTIESFUEL REQUIREMENTSFUEL TYPESFUEL USEGAS TEMPERATUREGASESGENERATIONGHGGREEN HOUSE GASGREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSHALOGENSHAZARDOUS WASTEHAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSALHEATHEAT RATEHEAT RECOVERYHEAT TRANSFERHEAVY METALSHEAVY OILHIGH ASH CONTENTHIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTIONHOT GASHOT GASESHOT WATERHYDRO POWERHYDROCARBON PRECURSORSINCOMEINDIRECT EMISSIONSINDUSTRIAL WASTEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYLANDFILLLANDFILL SITESLEACHINGLIMESTONELOAD FACTORLOW-CARBONMERCURYMETALSMINERALIZERMOISTURE CONTENTMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTENEW PLANTSNOXNOZZLESOFFSHORE WINDOILOIL CRISISOIL PRICESOIL SUPPLYORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC POLLUTANTSOXYGENPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPETROLEUMPETROLEUM COKEPOLLUTANTSPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION CONTROLPOWERPOWER CONSUMPTIONPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER PLANTSPOWER REQUIREMENTSPRESSURE DROPPRESSURE RISEPSCRADIATIONRAW MATERIALRAW MATERIALSRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATIONRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRETROFITTINGSAFE DISPOSALSAFE WASTE DISPOSALSANDSELENIUMSOLAR POWERSOLAR THERMALSOLID BIOMASSSOXSTEAM CONSUMPTIONSTEAM PRESSURESTEAM TURBINESSULFURSULPHURSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTHERMAL EFFICIENCYTHERMAL ENERGYTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTRACE ELEMENTSTURBINEUNDERGROUND MINEURBAN POPULATIONVAMVOLTAGEWASTE GENERATIONWASTE GENERATORSWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE MINIMIZATIONWINDWIND ENERGYWIND ENERGY POTENTIALWIND FARMSWIND POWERWIND POWER GENERATIONWIND TURBINESZINCWorld Bank10.1596/16446