World Bank2023-03-232023-03-232023-03-23https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39588Niger is a fragile country, marked by a poorly diversified economy and extreme poverty. Climate change, rapid demographic growth, and weak governance are major threats to Niger's growth. These changes have led to human losses, decreased soil productivity, and increased competition for access to resources. Moreover, many rural communities have grappled with a land tenure system with often unclear and overlapping rights, a lack of land use classification and registry, and an absence of monitoring and enforcing by local institutions. It is important to note that the rapid population growth and the recent COVID pandemic have put additional pressure on food security and natural resources. Natural capital is crucial for the Nigeriens’ livelihoods and food security. Degradation of cropland and pastureland is a key problem in Niger. This Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) aims to analyze critical environmental challenges that threaten sustainable economic growth in Niger and to propose actions to address them. It focuses on three government priorities that require in-depth analysis and immediate response: land degradation, deforestation and forest degradation, and climate change.La présente Analyse Environnementale Pays (AEP) vise à analyser les principaux défis environnementaux qui menacent la croissance économique durable au Niger, et à propo ser des mesures pour y faire face. Elle met l’accent sur trois priorités gouvernementales qui nécessitent une analyse approfondie et une réponse immédiate : la dégradation des terres, la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts, et le changement climatique. Faute de temps et de ressources, le présent rapport n’a pu couvrir d’autres questions importantes, comme l’exploitation minière et la pollution de l’air.en-USCC BY-NC 3.0 IGONATURAL CAPITALLAND DEGRADATIONDEFORESTATIONFOREST DEGRADATIONCLIMATE CHANGEReportWorld Bank10.1596/39588