Foster, VivienMorella, Elvira2012-03-192012-03-192011-03-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3364Infrastructure contributed 0.6 percentage points to Ethiopia's annual per capita GDP growth over the last decade. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could add an additional 3 percentage points to infrastructure's contribution to growth. Ethiopia's infrastructure successes include developing Ethiopia Airlines, a leading regional carrier; upgrading its network of trunk roads; and rapidly expanding access to water and sanitation.The country's greatest infrastructure challenge lies in the power sector, where a further 8,700 megawatts of generating plant are needed over the next decade, implying a doubling of current capacity. The transport sector faces the challenges of low levels of rural accessibility and inadequate road maintenance. Ethiopia s ICT sector currently suffers from a poor institutional and regulatory framework. Addressing Ethiopia's infrastructure deficit will require a sustained annual expenditure of $5.1 billion over the next decade. The power sector alone requires $3.3 billion annually, with $1 billion needed to facilitate regional power trading. That level of spending represents 40 percent of the country's GDP and a tripling of the $1.3 billion spent annually in the mid-2000s. As of 2006, there was an annual funding gap of $3.5 billion. Improving road maintenance, removing inefficiencies in power (notably underpricing), and privatizing ICT services could shrink the gap. But Ethiopia needs a significant increase in its already proportionally high infrastructure funding and careful handling of public and private investments if it is to reach its infrastructure targets within a reasonable time.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESSIBILITYAIRAIR TRAFFICAIR TRAFFIC CONTROLAIR TRANSPORTAIRCRAFTBANDWIDTHBORDER CROSSINGSBOTTLENECKSBUDGET EXECUTIONCABLECAPITAL COSTSCAPITAL EXPENDITURECAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITALSCARGOCARRIERSCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCONCESSIONCONCESSIONSCONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITYCONSUMPTION OF WATERCONTAINER TERMINALCOST OF POWERCOST RECOVERYCOSTS OF POWERCOSTS OF ROADSCOUNTRY COMPARISONSCROSS SUBSIDIESCUBIC METERCUBIC METERSDEFICITSDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORTECONOMIC GROWTHELECTRIC POWERELECTRICITY TARIFFSFINANCIAL BURDENFINANCIAL DATAFUELGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH RATESHOUSEHOLD BUDGETSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLDSHYGIENE EDUCATIONHYGIENE EDUCATION PROGRAMINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINFRASTRUCTURE ASSETSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCEINFRASTRUCTURE FUNDINGINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINFRASTRUCTURE PROVISIONINFRASTRUCTURE SECTORINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINTERNATIONAL AIRPORTINTERNATIONAL GATEWAYSINVESTMENT PROGRAMINVESTMENT TARGETSLEVIESLOW TARIFFSMAINTENANCE COSTSMAINTENANCE OF INFRASTRUCTUREMARGINAL COSTO&MOPEN ACCESSOPERATING EFFICIENCYOPERATIONAL PERFORMANCEPOPULATION DENSITYPORTSPOWERPOWER NETWORKPOWER SECTORPOWER SYSTEMSPRIVATE PARTICIPATIONPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTIVITYPROFIT MARGINPROVISION OF WATERPUBLICPUBLIC COMPANYPUBLIC ENTERPRISESPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC INVESTMENTSPUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SPENDINGRAILRAIL CORRIDORRAIL CORRIDORSRAILWAYRAILWAYSREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREVENUE COLLECTIONROADROAD INVESTMENTROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD NETWORKSROAD SECTORROAD TRAFFICROADSRURAL WATERSAFETYSANITATIONSAVINGSSERVICE EXPANSIONSERVICE PROVIDERSSTORAGE CAPACITYSURFACE TRANSPORTSURFACE WATERTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONE CALLSTELEPHONE SERVICESTERMINAL OPERATORTRAFFIC LEVELSTRAFFIC SURVEILLANCETRAFFIC VOLUMETRANSITTRANSMISSION CAPACITYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT INDUSTRYTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT QUALITYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORTATIONURBAN CENTERURBAN ROADURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN WATERURBAN WATER SUPPLYUSER CHARGESUTILITY SERVICESWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER DISTRIBUTIONWATER POLICYWATER PROJECTSWATER RESOURCESWATER SECTORWATER STORAGEWATER SUPPLYWATER TARIFFSWATER UTILITIESWELLSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5595