Sharma, SiddharthDutz, Mark A.2012-03-192012-03-192012-01-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3252The paper explores existing patterns of green innovation and presents an overview of green innovation policies for developing countries. The key findings from the empirical analysis are: (1) frontier green innovations are concentrated in high-income countries, few in developing countries but growing; (2) the most technologically-sophisticated developing countries are emerging as significant innovators but limited to a few technology fields; (3) there is very little South-South collaboration; (4) there is potential for expanding green production and trade; and (5) there has been little base-of-pyramid green innovation to meet the needs of poor consumers, and it is too early to draw conclusions about its scalability. To promote green innovation, technology and environmental policies work best in tandem, focusing on three complementary areas: (1) to promote frontier innovation, it is advisable to limit local technology-push support to countries with sufficient technological capabilities -- but there is also a need to provide global technology-push support for base-of-pyramid and neglected technologies including through a pool of long-term, stable funds supported by demand-pull mechanisms such as prizes; (2) to promote catch-up innovation, it is essential both to facilitate technology access and to stimulate technology absorption by firms -- with critical roles played by international trade and foreign direct investment, with firm demand spurred by public procurement, regulations and standards; and (3) to develop absorptive capacity, there is a need to strengthen skills and to improve the prevailing business environment for innovation -- to foster increased experimentation, global learning, and talent attraction and retention. There is still considerable progress to be made in ranking green innovation policies as most appropriate for different developing country contexts -- based on more impact evaluation studies of innovation policies targeted at green technologies.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSORPTIONABSTRACTSADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGIESADVERSE SELECTIONADVERTISINGAFFORDABLE ACCESSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAIRAIR POLLUTIONAPPLIANCESASHATMOSPHEREATTRIBUTESBASICBIOMASSBIOTECHNOLOGYBLACK CARBONBROADCASTBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS MODELBUSINESS MODELSBUSINESSESBUTANECAPABILITIESCAPABILITYCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL GOODSCARBONCARBON CAPTURECARBON EMISSIONSCERTIFICATECERTIFICATESCHEMICALSCITIESCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN ENERGYCLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN TECHNOLOGYCLEANER TECHNOLOGIESCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATESCOCO2COALCOLLABORATIONCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKSCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVENESSCOMPONENTSCONNECTIVITYCONSULTING SERVICESCONTRACTORSCONVERGENCEDEBTDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDIESELDIFFUSIONDIGITALDIGITAL COMMUNICATIONDISCOUNT RATESDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSDRINKING WATERDROUGHTECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEECOSYSTEMELECTRIC POWER PLANTSELECTRICITYELECTRONICSEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION TAXESEMISSIONSEMISSIONS MITIGATIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMPIRICAL ANALYSISEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY SOURCESENGINEERSENTERPRISE SURVEYSENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATIONENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL GOODSENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSENVIRONMENTSEQUILIBRIUMEQUIPMENTEQUIPMENTSESPEXCHANGE OF INFORMATIONEXCHANGE RATEEXPENDITURESEXPLOITATIONEXTERNALITIESFARMSFERTILIZERSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN TRADEFORESTFOSSIL FUELSFUNCTIONALITYGAS EMISSIONSGHGGLOBAL MARKETGOVERNMENT FUNDINGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGROWTH PATHGROWTH STRATEGYHUMAN CAPITALHYDROCARBONSHYDROGENICTIMAGINGINNOVATIONINNOVATION POLICIESINNOVATION POLICYINNOVATION ­ POLICIESINNOVATIONSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTIONINVENTIONSINVENTORSINVESTMENT IN KNOWLEDGEIPCCIRREVERSIBILITYIT SERVICESKNOWLEDGE DATABASELAND USELEARNINGLICENSELICENSE AGREEMENTLICENSESLITHIUMLOW-CARBONMANUFACTURINGMARKET COMPETITIONMARKET DEMANDMARKET DISTORTIONSMARKET PRICESMARKETINGMATERIALMEDICAL DEVICESMEDICINEMETHANEMOBILE PHONESNATURAL CAPITALNEGATIVE IMPACTNETWORKSNEW MARKETSNEW TECHNOLOGIESNEW TECHNOLOGYNICHE MARKETSNITROGEN OXIDESONE-STOP SHOPOPEN ACCESSPATENTSPAYOUTSPESTICIDESPLASTICSPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION REDUCTIONPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTORSPROCUREMENTPRODUCERSPRODUCT DEVELOPMENTPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTIVITYPROGRAMSPROPERTY RIGHTSPROTOCOLPUBLIC GOODSQUALITY STANDARDSQUOTASR&DRAINWATERRECYCLINGREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSRENEWABLE ENERGYRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESULTRESULTSRETENTIONRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONSATELLITESCIENCE FOUNDATIONSCIENTISTSSEARCHSEARCHESSENSORSSMART PHONESSMOKESOCIAL COSTSSOLAR PANELSSOLAR POWERSUBSISTENCE FARMERSSUGAR CANESULFUR DIOXIDESUPERMARKETSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE USETARGETSTECHNICAL CONSTRAINTSTECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIESTECHNOLOGY ACCESSTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGY LICENSINGTECHNOLOGY PLATFORMTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERSTECHNOLOGY-NEUTRAL POLICIESTELECOMSTRADABLE PERMITSTRAINING COURSETRANSACTIONTRANSMISSIONUSERUSERSUSESVALUE CHAINVALUE CHAINSVERIFICATIONWASTE MANAGEMENTWEALTH CREATIONWEBWINDWIND FARMSWIND POWERWIND TURBINESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5932