World Bank2015-04-292015-04-292013-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21827In 2011, women and girls represented 50.6 percent of the total Montenegrin population (620,029 persons). Different aspects of gender inequality vary by region and ethnicity. The present World Bank country partnership strategy in Montenegro is based on two pillars that include supporting Montenegro s accession to the European Union (EU) through boosting institutions and competitiveness. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of gender inequality in Montenegro. Using a number of data sources, gender differences in various outcomes are analyzed with the intention of highlighting gender inequalities in human wellbeing. Results are used to prioritize possible avenues for future research to better understand such inequalities and or suggest areas that require more focus from policymakers. This report operates under the premise that gender equality is both an issue of human rights and of critical economic consequence. In line with the world development report (WDR) 2012, the nomenclature of gender gaps in endowments, access to economic opportunities, and agency will be used to elaborate upon these arguments and their relevance to Montenegro. The findings of this diagnostic suggest that there are gender gaps in Montenegro, particularly in: (i) agency, although available data in this area is limited; (ii) access to economic opportunities; and (iii) human capital among some population subgroups. The structure of the report is as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two addresses gender disparities in endowments, including education, health, and assets. Section three presents disparities in economic opportunities in the forms of labor force participation, unemployment, employment and wages, and entrepreneurship. Section four focuses on agency and its implications for gender equality. Section five discusses relationships across issues and suggests areas for further research.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNINGACCESS TO HEALTHACCESS TO HEALTH CAREADDICTIONADOLESCENT FERTILITYADOLESCENTSADULT MORTALITYAIDALCOHOL ABUSEALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONBARRIERS TO WOMENBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBOTH SEXESCHILDBIRTHCONDOMCONDOMSCONTRACEPTIONCONTRACEPTIVE USEDIETSDISABILITIESDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMENDISEASESDOMESTIC VIOLENCEEARLY DETECTIONEARLY MARRIAGEEARLY MARRIAGESECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTECONOMIC IMPROVEMENTECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELDERLYELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATIONEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESEQUALITY OF WOMENETHNIC GROUPSFAMILY FORMATIONFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY RELATIONSHIPSFAMILY RESPONSIBILITIESFEMALEFEMALE EDUCATIONFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONFEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCYFEMALE LITERACYFEMALE MORTALITYFEMALE POPULATIONFEMALE WORKERSFEMALESFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY RATESFORCED MARRIAGEFORMS OF DISCRIMINATIONFUTURE GENERATIONSGENDERGENDER ASSESSMENTGENDER DIFFERENCEGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER DISPARITIESGENDER DISPARITYGENDER EQUALITYGENDER GAPGENDER GAPSGENDER GAPS IN ACCESSGENDER INEQUALITIESGENDER INEQUALITYGENDER ISSUESGENDER SEGREGATIONGENDER STEREOTYPESGENDER-BASED DISCRIMINATIONGENDER-BASED VIOLENCEGENDERSGIRLSGOVERNMENT SUPPORTHEALTH CAREHEALTH SECTORHIVHOSPITALHOUSEHOLD ASSETSHOUSEHOLD TASKSHUMAN BEINGSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSHUMAN RIGHTSHUMAN TRAFFICKINGILLEGAL EMPLOYMENTIMMIGRANTSINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINFANT MORTALITY RATESINHERITANCEINTERCOURSEINTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLAND OWNERSHIPLEGISLATORSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLITERACY RATESLIVE BIRTHSMALE MORTALITYMALE PARTICIPATIONMARITAL RAPEMARITAL STATUSMATERNAL MORTALITYMATERNITY LEAVEMIGRATIONMINORITYMOTHERHOODNATIONAL LEGISLATIONNATIONAL STRATEGIESNATIONAL STRATEGYNEED FOR RESEARCHNUMBER OF ADULTSNUMBER OF WOMENOLDER AGE GROUPSOLDER WOMENPARTICIPATION OF WOMENPATERNITY LEAVEPOLITICAL LEADERSHIPPOLITICAL PARTICIPATIONPOOR HEALTHPOOR WOMENPOPULATION GROUPSPOPULATION SUBGROUPSPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMANPREGNANT WOMENPRENATAL CAREPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLINGPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATIONPROSTITUTESPROSTITUTIONPROTECTION OF WOMENPUBLIC LIFEPUBLIC OPINIONPUBLIC SERVICEPURCHASING POWERPURCHASING POWER PARITYREFUGEESREHABILITATIONREPRODUCTIVE HEALTHREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARERESPECTRISKY BEHAVIORRISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORROLE OF WOMENRURAL AREASRURAL WOMENSANITATIONSCHOOL-AGE CHILDRENSECONDARY EDUCATIONSELF-ASSESSMENTSEXSEX TRAFFICKINGSEX WORKERSSEXUAL ACTIVITYSEXUAL RELATIONSSEXUAL RELATIONSHIPSSEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASESSHELTERSHELTERSSINGLE MOTHERSSITUATION OF WOMENSMOKINGSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL SCIENCESSOCIAL WELFARESOCIAL WORKSPECIALISTSPOUSESSTRATEGY FOR WOMENSUBSTANCE ABUSESUICIDETERTIARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY LEVELTRADE UNIONSTRANSPORTATIONTVUNDPUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT LEVELSUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNFPAUNICEFUNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEUNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUNDUNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTURBAN AREASURBAN WOMENUSAIDVICTIMSVICTIMS OF VIOLENCEVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVULNERABLE GROUPSWAGE DIFFERENCESWAGE GAPWDRWOMANWOMEN ENTREPRENEURSWOMEN IN AGRICULTUREWOMEN WITH DISABILITIESWORK EXPERIENCEWORKFORCEWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUTHYOUTHSReportWorld Bank10.1596/21827