World Bank2017-06-152017-06-152012-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27227This chapter uses supply chain analysis (SCA) to identify transport and logistics bottlenecks that add costs, times and uncertainty to the exportation of perishable agricultural products from Central America. Macro-level analyses of logistics performance, including the logistics performance index, Doing Business Reports and Enterprise Surveys of the World Bank, as well as the Global Competitiveness Index of the Global Economic Forum, often leave policy-makers unclear on exactly what poor performance means for exporters and producers in Central America. How does poor road quality eat away at the profit margins of my country's producers? Extensive procedures add time to export processes, but how much time? How and to what extend does this additional time hurt the competitiveness of key industries? How does this effect vary by product type? By tracking the movement of seven carefully selected exports, these supply chains complement macro-level analyses by answering these questions for some of the region's key agricultural exports. A range of unique characteristics makes the success of perishable exports exceedingly dependent on the efficiency of the related logistics systems and the ability to connect effectively and reliably to global supply chains. Remote production zones add cost, time and variability to transport from the farm gate to the distribution, collection or processing center. Increasingly complicated international sanitary and phytosanitary standards (SPS) add institutional and procedural complexity to the supply chain. Above all, the time sensitivity of most perishable products increases the value of time and makes cold chain infrastructure and the availability of refrigerated containers essential for successful exportation.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO MARKETACCESS TO MARKETSAGRICULTUREAIRAIR MARKETAVERAGE SPEEDSBACTERIABAGSBANANASBEEFBEETSBENCHMARKBORDER CROSSINGBORDER CROSSINGSBORDER MANAGEMENTBOTTLENECKSBOTTLESBOXESBRIDGEBUSINESS LOGISTICSCADMIUMCARGOCARROTSCENTRALIZATIONCHEESECIFCOLD CHAINCOMMERCECOMPETITIVENESSCONGESTIONCONGESTION DELAYSCONSUMER PRICESCONSUMERSCONTAINERSCOOKINGCORNCREAMCUSTOMSCUSTOMS BROKERSCUSTOMS CLEARANCECUSTOMS PROCEDURESDAIRYDEMURRAGEDISTRIBUTION CENTERSDOMESTIC TRANSPORTDRIVERSEGGSELECTRONIC SYSTEMEXPORT MARKETEXPORT MARKETSEXPORTSFOOD EXPORTFOOD EXPORTSFOOD MARKETSFOOD PROCESSINGFOOD PRODUCTSFOOD SAFETYFOODSFREE TRADEFREIGHTFREIGHT FORWARDERSFREIGHT HANDLINGFREIGHT SERVICEFRUITFRUIT PRODUCTSFRUITSFUELFUEL COSTSFUTURE RESEARCHHAZARDHIGH TRANSPORTHIGHWAYHIGHWAYSINEFFICIENCYINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINJURYINLAND TRANSPORTINSPECTIONINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTORYINVENTORY MANAGEMENTJOURNEYJOURNEYSLAND TRANSPORTLANESLEMONSLOCAL TRANSPORTLOGISTICS COSTSLOWER TRAFFIC VOLUMESMARKET ENTRYMARKET PRICESMEATMEATSOPEN AIR MARKETPACKINGPASSENGERSPEPPERSPERISHABLE GOODSPERSONAL TRANSPORTPOLICEPORKPORT INFRASTRUCTUREPORT OF ENTRYPRICE LISTPRICE VARIATIONPRODUCT QUALITYPRODUCTION COSTSPROFIT MARGINSPUBLIC WORKSRADIAL ROAD NETWORKRAILREFRIGERATIONRETAILROADROAD DESIGNROAD HAULAGEROAD QUALITYROUTEROUTESRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL ROADSSAFETYSALESALESSANITATIONSEAFOODSHIPMENTSSHIPPERSSHIPPINGSHIPPING COMPANIESSHIPPING INDUSTRYSPEEDSSUGARSUPERMARKETSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CHAIN APPROACHSUPPLY CHAINSTARIFF BARRIERSTEMPERATURE CONTROLTHIRD PARTY LOGISTICSTOMATOESTOTAL COSTSTRADE BARRIERSTRAFFICTRANSITTRANSIT CORRIDORSTRANSIT TIMESTRANSPORTTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT FACILITATIONTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT REGULATIONTRANSPORT SERVICETRANSPORT SERVICE PROVIDERSTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTSTRAVEL DISTANCESTRAVEL SPEEDSTRAVEL TIMESTRIPTRUCK DRIVERSTRUCKSVALUATIONVEGETABLESVEHICLEVEHICLESWAITING TIMEWAREHOUSEWAREHOUSESWAREHOUSINGWHEATWHOLESALE PRICEWHOLESALERSWTOWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/27227