Fink, CarstenMaskus, Keith E.Qian, Yi2016-03-092016-03-092016-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/23923Policy makers around the world recognize the potentially harmful consequences of trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy. Indeed, many countries have recently initiated policy reforms to strengthen the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR). Further, minimum standards of enforcement have been incorporated in many international treaties, especially trade agreements. This emphasis on enforcement raises basic questions about the actual impacts of IP rights infringement, which differ across the types of IPR and economic sectors. The authors review the academic literature and other studies in the public domain to evaluate what has been learned about these socioeconomic effects, with an emphasis on developing countries where possible. They also identify important gaps in our understanding of the consequences of counterfeiting and piracy and develop recommendations on how governments might collect data and conduct studies to better inform IPR enforcement policy.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOHARMONIZATIONMERCHANDISEPROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYSUBSTITUTIONINVENTIONSTRANSMISSIONSSALESPOLICY FRAMEWORKBUYERCONTENT CREATORSLAW ENFORCEMENTINFORMATION FLOWSVIDEOINFORMATIONMONITORINGCOPYRIGHTSP2P NETWORKSECONOMIC EFFECTSFREEWAREDISTRIBUTION CHANNELSDIGITAL TRANSMISSIONSCOPYRIGHTINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSROBUSTNESS ANALYSISTRANSMISSIONMONOPOLY PRICESFILE SHARINGMARKET FAILUREPRICETRADEMARKPRODUCT QUALITYPCPRODUCT DEVELOPMENTMERCHANDISE TRADECOMPUTEROPEN ACCESSDIGITAL CONTENTECONOMIC ACTIVITYINSTITUTIONSMARKET SEGMENTBRAND NAMEADVERTISINGDATALEGAL SYSTEMSMARKET ENTRYTECHNICAL ASSISTANCEGLOBAL ECONOMYCOMMERCECOMPUTERSTELECOMMUNICATIONSSOFTWARE PRODUCTTRADEMARKSDOMAINVIDEO GAMESINCOME INEQUALITYLICENSEOPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARESURPLUSPRODUCTSCUSTOMSTARGETSPRODUCTIVITYRELEVANT MARKETMONOPOLYCONTENT PROVIDERSEMERGING MARKETSOFTWARE PACKAGEBUYERSBARRIERS TO ENTRYMARKETINGMARKETSINTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONSWEBBUSINESS INFORMATIONPRODUCTCOMPUTER PROGRAMSARTISANSCONSUMER DEMANDSUBSTITUTESBRANDMARKET PRICEUSERSTECHNOLOGYR&DTRANSACTIONAVAILABILITY OF DATAPDFHUMAN CAPITALRELIABILITYBUSINESS SOFTWAREINTERNATIONAL TRADEINNOVATION POLICIESSOFTWARESOFTWARE PIRACYRESULTSDIGITAL INFORMATIONMARKET FAILURESVALUEFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTDEMANDNETWORKSPRODUCT CATEGORIESVIDEOSEND-USERSALEINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKSMARKETCONFIDENTIALITYPRICE DISCRIMINATIONMARKET COMPETITIONRESULTINNOVATION POLICYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERBUSINESSESBUSINESSNETWORKPEER-TO-PEERMOTION PICTURESNEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTPERFORMANCEMARKET POWERMARKETPLACEINNOVATIONPROFITFUNCTIONALITYINVESTMENTSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYNEW TECHNOLOGYSUPPLIERSPROFITSIPLABOR MARKETSTECHNOLOGIESMOTION PICTUREPRIVATE SECTORSTARGETP2P FILE SHARINGPRICESUSESMARKET FORCESSPREADPIRACYUSERWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-7586