World Bank2012-08-132012-08-132009-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/9480This country note briefly summarizes information relevant to both climate change and agriculture in Panama, with focus on policy developments (including action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like most countries in Latin America, Panama has submitted one national communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one under preparation. Land use change and forestry are by far the largest contributors to green house gas (GHG) emissions in the country. The emission reduction potential of the sector is large, but not sufficiently explored. Panama counts with only five Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, none of which are in the agricultural sector. It is estimated that Central America produces less than 0.5 percent of global carbon emissions, but it is one the most vulnerable regions to climate change related impacts on the planet. Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate variability and weather extremes, this coupled with problems of land degradation in the country. A greater emphasis on reducing soil degradation, reforestation and developing and applying adequate insurance mechanisms can be placed for better management of public resources in light of natural disasters in the agriculture sector.CC BY 3.0 IGOAFFORESTATIONAFFORESTATION EFFORTSAGRICULTURAL INSURANCEAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL RESOURCEAGRICULTURAL RESOURCESAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGROFORESTRYBIODIVERSITYBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONBIOMASSCALCULATIONCARBONCARBON TRADINGCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATIONCLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONSCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSCLIMATE CHANGE ISSUESCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMCLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONSCLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGYCLIMATE PREDICTIONCLIMATE RISKCLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENTCLIMATE RISKSCLIMATE SCENARIOCLIMATE VARIABILITYCO2COMMERCIALIZATIONCOMMUNITY FORESTCOMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENTCULTIVATED LANDCULTIVATIONDAMAGESDEFORESTATIONDEFORESTATION PROCESSDEFORESTATION RATEDESERTIFICATIONDNADROUGHTSECONOMIC IMPACTEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIALEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTUREEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATIONEMISSIONS SCENARIOENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTSEXTREME WEATHEREXTREME WEATHER EVENTSFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFLOODSFORAGESFORESTFOREST CARBONFOREST DEGRADATIONFOREST MANAGEMENTFOREST RESOURCESFORESTRYFORESTRY INSURANCEFORESTRY LAWFORESTRY PROJECTSFORESTRY SECTORFORESTSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFRESH WATERFUTURE CLIMATE CHANGEGAS EMISSIONSGHGGLOBAL CARBON EMISSIONSGREEN HOUSE GASHAILHURRICANESIMPACT OF CLIMATEIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGEIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTUREINFORMATION ON CLIMATEINFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGEINFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSINSURANCE COMPANIESINSURANCE COMPANYINSURANCE INSTRUMENTSINSURANCE MARKETINSURANCE MECHANISMSINSURANCE POLICIESIRRIGATIONLAND DEGRADATIONLAND MANAGEMENTLAND USELAND USE CHANGELAND-USELAND-USE CHANGEMETHANEMETHANE EMISSIONSNATIONAL CLIMATENATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGENATURAL REGENERATIONNATURAL RESOURCESNITROGENNITROGEN BASED FERTILIZERSNITROUS OXIDENITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONSPARTNERSHIPPASTORAL SYSTEMSPASTUREPASTURESPOLICY RESPONSEPORTFOLIORATE OF DEFORESTATIONREFORESTATIONREGIONAL CLIMATEREGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGERESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGERIVERSRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL DEVELOPMENTSCENARIOSSOILSOIL CARBONSOIL EROSIONSTRATEGY ON CLIMATE CHANGESUSTAINABLE FORESTSUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENTTOTAL EMISSIONSTROPICSVULNERABILITY INDICATORSVULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGEWATER RESOURCESWEATHER EXTREMESWorld Bank10.1596/9480