Rokx, ClaudiaSchieber, GeorgeTandon, AjayHarimurti, PanduSomanathan, Aparnaa2012-03-192012-03-192009978-0-8213-8006-2https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2710Indonesia is at a critical stage in the development and modernization of its health system. The government of Indonesia has made major improvements over the past four decades, but struggles to maintain and continue to improve important health outcomes for the poor and achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Nevertheless, some key health indicators show significant progress. Infant and child (under five) mortality rates have fallen by half since the early 1990s, although the speed of the decline appears to have slowed since 2002. Maternal mortality rates show a declining trend, but remain among the highest in East Asia. Indonesia's population program is one of the worlds most successful: fertility rates have declined impressively since the 1970s and continue to fall. Previously declining malnutrition rates among young children have, however, stagnated. The slowing down of progress may be explained by a poorly functioning health system as well as by new and ongoing challenges posed by demographic, epidemiological, and nutrition transitions, which require new policy directions, a reconfigured and better performing health system, and long-term sustainable financing.CC BY 3.0 IGOABILITY TO PAYACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESACCESS TO SERVICESADMINISTRATIVE COSTSAGINGAMBULANCEBASIC HEALTH SERVICESBIRTH RATEBLOCK GRANTBLOCK GRANTSBUDGET ALLOCATIONCAPITAL COSTSCAPITATIONCAPITATION PAYMENTSCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCATASTROPHIC HEALTH SPENDINGCHOICE OF PROVIDERCITIESCLEAN WATERCLINICSCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOST ANALYSISCOST CONTROLCOST SHARINGCOST-EFFECTIVENESSDEATH RATEDEATHSDECISION MAKINGDELIVERY OF HEALTH CAREDELIVERY SYSTEMDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESDEVELOPMENT PLANNINGDISEASE CONTROLDISSEMINATIONDOCTORSDRUG USERSECONOMIC GROWTHEPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHANGESEPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITIONEXPENDITURESFAMILIESFAMILY PLANNINGFEES FOR SERVICEFEMALE LITERACYFINANCIAL PROTECTIONFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCING OF HEALTH CAREGLOBAL HEALTHHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE EXPENDITURESHEALTH CARE QUALITYHEALTH CARE REFORMHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURE PER CAPITAHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH FINANCING REFORMHEALTH FINANCING SYSTEMHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH INFORMATIONHEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMHEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMSHEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAMHEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMEHEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMESHEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEMHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH MAINTENANCEHEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONHEALTH ORGANIZATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH PROGRAMSHEALTH PROVIDERSHEALTH RESULTSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SECTOR REFORMHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICE DELIVERYHEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATIONHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SPECIALISTHEALTH SPENDING INCREASESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEM EFFICIENCYHEALTH SYSTEM GOALSHEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENINGHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH WORKERSHEALTH WORKFORCEHIV/AIDSHMOHMOSHOSPITAL BEDSHOSPITAL MANAGEMENTHOSPITALSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESILLNESSIMMUNIZATIONIMMUNODEFICIENCYINCIDENCE ANALYSISINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINDEXESINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINFANT MORTALITY RATESINFLUENZAINFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL SECTOR WORKERSINJURIESINSURANCE SYSTEMSINSURERSINTEGRATIONINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSLABOR MARKETLEGAL STATUSLIFE EXPECTANCYLIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTHLIVING STANDARDSMANAGED HEALTH CAREMATERNAL MORTALITYMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL DOCTORSMEDICAL ECONOMICSMEDICAL EQUIPMENTMEDICAL RECORDSMEDICAL SPECIALISTSMEDICINESMIDWIFEMIDWIVESMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORAL HAZARDMORTALITYNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCENATIONAL HEALTH POLICYNATIONAL HEALTH SERVICENATIONAL HEALTH SERVICESNEEDS ASSESSMENTNURSESNUTRITIONOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHPATIENTSPAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CAREPHARMACEUTICAL SECTORPHARMACIESPOLICY RESEARCHPOPULATION DYNAMICSPOPULATION TRENDPRIMARY CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIVATE CLINICSPRIVATE HEALTH SERVICESPRIVATE HOSPITALSPRIVATE INSURANCEPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SERVICESPRIVATE SPENDINGPROVIDER PAYMENTPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURESPUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCEPUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMEPUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONSPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICESPUBLIC HEALTH SPENDINGPUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMPUBLIC HOSPITALPUBLIC HOSPITALSPUBLIC INSURANCEPUBLIC INSURANCE SYSTEMPUBLIC PROVIDERSPUBLIC PROVISIONPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SPENDINGQUALITY OF CAREQUALITY OF HEALTHREFORM EFFORTRISK FACTORSSEX WORKERSSHARE OF HEALTH SPENDINGSKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANCESOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIOECONOMIC FACTORSSURGERYTEACHING HOSPITALSTUBERCULOSISUNEMPLOYMENTUNIVERSAL HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGEVENTILATIONWORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8006-2