World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192010-06-15https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2918Across the Western Balkan region, countries exhibit relatively high levels of energy intensity, a high energy savings potential among energy end-users, and heavy dependence on imported hydrocarbons. Energy markets would benefit from enhanced demand-side efforts and integrated energy efficiency measures across all sectors. Since most energy infrastructure was built during the 1960s and 1970s, inadequately maintained since the 1990s, and reaching the end of its useful lifespan, now is a crucial time to consider the way forward in the energy sector. The signing of the Energy Community Treaty in 2003 marked the beginning of systematic energy sector liberalization among Western Balkan countries, allowing them to deal with widespread energy sector problems that included, on the demand side, low energy tariffs, lack of payment discipline and, hence, little incentive for energy users to invest in energy efficiency measures. Building each component of the strong enabling environment required for increased Energy Efficiency (EE) across the Western Balkan countries will need cooperation among decision makers at multiple government levels, and capital investment by stakeholders to support projects that use energy more rationally. Investors are attracted to opportunities where a strong national government role and clear regulatory structures help dismantle barriers, establish clear conditions and standards, provide technical information, and facilitate funding for EE technologies. This study examines the status of the enabling environment for demand-side EE across the .Western Balkans, evaluates developments in each country, and offers recommendations on the way forward.CC BY 3.0 IGOAFFORDABLE PUBLIC TRANSPORTANNUAL COSTSANNUAL ENERGY SAVINGSANNUAL GROWTH RATEAUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRYAVAILABILITYAVERAGE PASSENGERAVERAGE PRICEBARRIERS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCYBASIC ENERGYBIO-FUELSBIOMASSBIOMASS BOILERBOILERSBUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTSBUSESCAPITAL INVESTMENTCARCAR OWNERSHIPCARSCLEAN FUELSCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOALCOGENERATIONCOMMERCIAL VEHICLESCOMMUNITY ENERGYCOMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPSCOMPRESSED AIRCONSUMER BEHAVIORCONSUMPTION OF ENERGYCONSUMPTION PER HOUSEHOLDCOOKINGCOST OF ENERGYDEMAND FOR ENERGYDEMAND FOR HEATDIESELDISTRICT HEATDISTRICT HEATINGDISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMSDRIVERSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC RECOVERYEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTEFFICIENCY POTENTIALEFFICIENT LIGHTINGELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY DEMANDELECTRICITY PRICEELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY SAVINGSELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY TARIFFELECTRICITY TARIFFSEMISSIONEMISSIONSEMPLOYMENTENERGY AUDITSENERGY BALANCEENERGY BILLSENERGY CONSUMERSENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITAENERGY DATAENERGY DEMANDENERGY DEVELOPMENTENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESENERGY END-USE EFFICIENCYENERGY EXPENDITURESENERGY INFRASTRUCTUREENERGY INPUTENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY MARKETENERGY MARKETSENERGY PERFORMANCEENERGY POLICYENERGY PRICEENERGY PRICESENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SERVICEENERGY SERVICESENERGY SOURCESENERGY STRATEGYENERGY SUPPLYENERGY SYSTEMENERGY SYSTEMSENERGY USEFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFISCAL POLICIESFLOOR AREAFLUE GASFLUE GAS DESULFURIZATIONFREIGHTFREIGHT TRANSPORTFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL OILFUEL USEFUELSFUTURE ENERGY CONSUMPTIONGASGAS DISTRIBUTIONGAS PRICEGAS SUPPLYGAS TURBINEGASEOUS FUELSGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSHEATHEAT DEMANDHEATING ENERGYHEATING SYSTEMSHIGH ENERGYHIGH ENERGY INTENSITYHOT WATERHOUSEHOLD APPLIANCESHYDROCARBONSIMPORTSIMPROVEMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYINCOMEINCOME HOUSEHOLDSINSPECTIONINTERCITY PASSENGERINTERCITY TRAVELMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTMODAL SHIFTMODAL SPLITNATURAL GASNATURAL GAS PRICESOILOIL EQUIVALENTOIL PRICESPASSENGER TRAFFICPASSENGER TRANSPORTPASSENGER VEHICLESPASSENGERSPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPERSONAL VEHICLESPETROLEUMPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPOLICEPOLICY SCENARIOPOWERPOWER COMPANYPRICE DISTORTIONSPRICE INCREASEPRIVATE VEHICLEPRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIPPRIVATE VEHICLESPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLESPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONRAILRAIL TRANSPORTRAILWAYRAILWAYSREDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTIONREFRIGERATIONREGISTRATION FEESREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSRESIDENTIAL CONSUMERSRESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITYRESIDENTIAL ENERGYRESIDENTIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTIONRESIDENTIAL ENERGY DEMANDRESIDENTIAL SECTORSRETAIL ELECTRICITYRETAIL ELECTRICITY PRICEROADROAD SECTORROAD TRANSPORTROLLING STOCKSAFETYSCENARIOSSEA TRANSPORTSOLAR COLLECTORSSPACE COOLINGSPACE HEATINGSTREET LIGHTINGSUPPLY SIDETARIFF LEVELSTARIFF STRUCTURETARIFF STRUCTURESTAXTAX INCENTIVESTAXISTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTTOTAL CONSUMPTIONTOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTIONTOTAL FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTIONTOTAL FINAL ENERGY DEMANDTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRANSMISSION GRIDTRANSPORT ENERGY CONSUMPTIONTRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT STRATEGIESTRANSPORTATIONTRUETURBINESVEHICLEVEHICLE EFFICIENCYVEHICLE FLEETVEHICLE OWNERSHIPVEHICLESVOLTAGEWATER HEATINGWOOD PRICESWOOD STOVEWorld Bank10.1596/2918