World Bank2025-08-012025-08-012025-08-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43536This study seeks to fill this gap by exploring the motivational preferences and accountability mechanisms that influence health worker performance and retention in rural South Sudan. It aims to identify practical, context-appropriate approaches to strengthen health service delivery in underserved areas. The findings aim to inform HRH reforms led by the Ministry of Health and development partners. Specifically, the research aims to (i) assess health worker preferences for rural postings; (ii) explore context-appropriate and effective ways to promote accountability mechanisms within South Sudan’s resource-constrained environment; (iii) identify which incentives would encourage health workers to remain and perform in rural areas. The report provides evidence-based recommendations to guide the design of effective incentive structures and accountability models that support a more sustainable, motivated, and equitably distributed health workforce in pursuit of UHC.en-USCC BY-NC 3.0 IGOGOOD HEALTHHEALTH WORKER PERFORMANCEUNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE (UHC)HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERYHRH (HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH) REFORMSWorking PaperWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/43536