World Bank2013-10-102013-10-102013-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16121The process of political change and transition across much of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) continued into 2013, with a great degree of heterogeneity across countries. Violence in Syria has escalated, with spillover effects to Lebanon and Jordan. Security in Yemen is fragile but a national dialogue has started which includes the drafting of a new constitution in advance of national elections. In MENA's transitioning countries drafting of new constitutions remains a critical pending issue. Citizens have not been silent. Their voices continue to be heard across the region calling for greater public participation and open governmenten-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYACCESS TO INFORMATIONAIRCASH TRANSFERSCITIZENSCLIMATE CHANGECONGESTIONCURRENCYCURRENCY DEPRECIATIONDEVELOPING ECONOMIESDEVELOPMENT GOALSDISADVANTAGED GROUPSDIVERSIFICATIONECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATIONECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESEFFECTIVE POLICIESEXPORTERSEXTERNAL DEFICITSFEMALE PARTICIPATIONFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVESGENDER EQUALITYGOOD GOVERNANCEHOLDINGHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCOMEINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL WOMENINVESTMENT FLOWSINVESTMENT LOANISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSJOB CREATIONKNOWLEDGE BASELABOR FORCELOANLOAN PORTFOLIOLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIESMINORITYNATIONAL DIALOGUENATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENPOLITICAL CHANGEPOLITICAL CLIMATEPOLITICAL TURMOILPOLITICAL UPHEAVALPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONPUBLIC SPENDINGRAPID GROWTHREGIONAL DEVELOPMENTREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL STRATEGYRENEWABLE ENERGYRESERVERETURNRURAL WOMENSAFETYSAFETY NETSSERVICE DELIVERYSMALL ENTERPRISESSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSPILLOVERSTREET PARKINGSTREET PARKING MANAGEMENTSTRUCTURAL PROBLEMSSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETRAFFICTRAFFIC CONTROLTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMTRANSITION COUNTRIESTRANSPARENCYTRUST FUNDUNDERDEVELOPED REGIONSUNEMPLOYMENTUNIONSURBAN TRANSPORTYOUNG PEOPLEWorld Bank10.1596/16121