Gwilliam, Kenneth M.2012-08-132012-08-132005-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11780Taxis perform an important function in urban transport markets in both developed and developing countries. Because of the perceived vulnerability of passengers to exploitation by operators, entry to the market and fares have been tightly regulated in many industrialized countries. This has typically produced high premium values for licenses, implying some monopoly profit for operators at the expense of users. Curiously, however, total deregulation has often increased fares. This note considers the reasons for increased fares despite deregulation, the regulatory options available, and the relevant considerations in applying this experience to developing countries.CC BY 3.0 IGOAIR POLLUTIONAUTOMOBILESBUS SERVICEBUS SERVICESBUSESCONGESTIONCONGESTION COSTSCOSTSDEREGULATIONDRIVERSDRIVINGDRIVING BEHAVIORDRIVING EXPERIENCEENGINEFARE CONTROLFARE INCREASESFARE REGULATIONFARE REGULATIONSFARE SYSTEMSFARESFLAT FARESFLEET OF VEHICLESFUELHEAVY TRAFFICINCOMEINSURANCEJOURNEYLICENSESLOW-INCOME PEOPLELOWER INCOME GROUPSMARKET CONDITIONSMARKET ENTRYMARKET FAILUREMARKET FAILURESMIDDLE EASTMINIBUSMINIBUS SERVICESMODE OF TRANSPORTMUNICIPALITIESOWNER-OPERATORSPASSENGERPASSENGER CARSPASSENGERSPEAK HOURSPOLICEPRICE COMPETITIONPRICE CONTROLPRIVATE AUTOMOBILESPROVISIONSPUBLICPUBLIC ECONOMICSPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATORSPUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLESPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONRADIOROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROUTESSAFE DRIVINGSAFETYSAFETY REGULATIONSSPEEDSTREETSSUPPLIERSSUPPLY INCREASESTAXITAXI INDUSTRYTAXI OPERATIONSTAXI SECTORTAXI SERVICETAXICABSTAXISTELECOMMUNICATIONSTHIN MARKETSTOWN CENTERSTRAFFICTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRAFFIC FLOWSTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRAFFIC VOLUMETRANSPORTTRANSPORT ECONOMICSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORTATIONTRIPSURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN TRAFFICURBAN TRANSPORTVEHICLE IDENTIFICATIONVEHICLE OWNERSHIPVEHICLE SAFETYVEHICLE STOCKVEHICLESWorld Bank10.1596/11780