Mohapatra, SanketRatha, DilipSilwa, Ani2012-08-132012-08-132010-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/10907Officially recorded remittance flows to developing countries are estimated to increase by 6 percent to $325 billion in 2010. This marks a healthy recovery from a 5.5 percent decline registered in 2009. Remittance flows are expected to increase by 6.2 percent in 2011 and 8.1 percent in 2012, to reach $374 billion by 2012. This outlook for remittance flows, however, is subject to the risks of a fragile global economic recovery, volatile currency and commodity price movements, and rising anti-immigration sentiment in many destination countries. From a medium-term view, three major trends are apparent: (a) a high level of unemployment in the migrant-receiving countries has prompted restrictions on new immigration; (b) the application of mobile phone technology for domestic remittances has failed to spread to cross-border remittances; and (c) developing countries are becoming more aware of the potential for leveraging remittances and diaspora wealth for raising development finance.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FINANCEACCESS TO REMITTANCE SERVICESACROSS BORDERSAGGREGATE DEMANDASSETSAVERAGE REMITTANCEBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBALANCE OF PAYMENTS STATISTICSBANK ACCOUNTSBANK DEPOSITSBANKING REGULATIONSBENEFICIARYBILLSBONDBOND INSTRUMENTSBONDSBRANCHLESS BANKINGCAPITAL FLOWSCENTRAL BANKCENTRAL BANKSCHECKSCLARITYCLEARING HOUSECOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMODITY PRICECOMMODITY PRICESCOMMUNITY BANKSCOMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEESCONSUMER PROTECTIONCONVENTIONAL BANKSCOUNTRIES OF ORIGINCOUNTRY OF RESIDENCECREDIT COOPERATIVECREDIT ENHANCEMENTCREDIT ENHANCEMENTSCREDIT RATINGCREDIT RATING AGENCIESCREDIT SCORESCREDIT SCORINGCREDIT UNIONSCREDITORCREDITWORTHINESSCURRENCY EXCHANGECURRENT POPULATIONDATA ON REMITTANCESDEBT SUSTAINABILITYDEPOSITSDEPRECIATIONDEVALUATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT FINANCEDIASPORADIVERSIFICATIONDOLLAR PRICESDOMESTIC REMITTANCESDOWNWARD PRESSUREDUE DILIGENCEECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC DOWNTURNSECONOMIC GROWTHEMIGRATIONEMPLOYEREMPLOYERSENVIRONMENT FOR REMITTANCESEQUITY FLOWSETHNIC GROUPSEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESEXTERNAL FINANCINGFAMILIESFEDERAL RESERVEFINANCIAL COLLAPSEFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL EMPOWERMENTFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL LITERACYFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SYSTEMFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFUTURE REMITTANCEFUTURE REMITTANCESGLOBAL DEMANDGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL REMITTANCEGLOBAL REMITTANCE MARKETGROWTH OF REMITTANCESGROWTH RATEHIGH-INCOME COUNTRIESHIGH-INCOME COUNTRYHOME COUNTRYHOST COUNTRIESHOST COUNTRYHOUSEHOLDSILLEGAL IMMIGRATIONIMMIGRANTSIMMIGRATION POLICIESINCOMEINCOMESINCREASE IN REMITTANCESINFORMAL CHANNELSINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTEREST RATEINTERNATIONAL CAPITALINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL INVESTORINVESTOR DEMANDSISSUANCELABOR MARKETLABOR MOBILITYLEGAL RECOURSELEGAL STATUSLIQUIDITYLIQUIDITY CRISISLOCAL CURRENCIESLOCAL CURRENCYLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMACROECONOMIC LEVELMARKET PLAYERSMATURITIESMATURITYMICRO ENTREPRENEURSMIGRANTMIGRANT DESTINATION COUNTRIESMIGRANT REMITTANCEMIGRANT REMITTANCESMIGRANT TRANSFERSMIGRANT WORKERMIGRANT WORKERSMIGRANTSMIGRATION FLOWSMOBILE PHONEMOBILE PHONESMONEY HOMEMONEY LAUNDERINGMONEY TRANSFERMONEY TRANSFER OPERATORSMONEY TRANSFER SERVICESMONEY TRANSFER SYSTEMMONEY TRANSFERSNATIONAL BORDERSNATIVE WORKERSNUMBER OF MIGRANTSOIL PRICEOIL PRICESPACE OF DECLINEPACE OF INCREASEPAYMENT SERVICESPAYMENT SYSTEMSPAYMENTS SERVICESPORTFOLIOPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRICE MOVEMENTSPRIVATE CAPITALPRIVATE DEBTRATE OF GROWTHRECESSIONREGULATORY AGENCIESREGULATORY AUTHORITYREGULATORY OVERSIGHTREMITTANCEREMITTANCE CORRIDORREMITTANCE CORRIDORSREMITTANCE COSTSREMITTANCE DATAREMITTANCE FLOWSREMITTANCE INFLOWSREMITTANCE OUTFLOWSREMITTANCE RECEIPTSREMITTANCE SERVICEREMITTANCE SERVICE PROVIDERSREMITTANCE SERVICESREMITTANCE TRANSACTIONSREMITTANCE TRANSFERSREMITTANCESREMITTANCES FOR INVESTMENTREMITTERSRESERVERESERVE BANKRETURNRETURN MIGRATIONRETURNSSAVINGSSAVINGS DEPOSITSSEND MONEYSEND MONEY HOMESEND REMITTANCESSKILLED MIGRANTSSLOWDOWNSOVEREIGN RISKSTATE BANKSTOCKSTAXTEMPORARY WORKERSTERRORISTTRADE TRANSACTIONSTRANSACTIONTRANSFER SERVICETRANSPARENCYTREASURYUNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTSUNDOCUMENTED WORKERSUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNIONVALUATIONWORKFORCEWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORSWorld Bank10.1596/10907