Gutierrez, CatalinaPaci, PierellaRanzani, Marco2012-05-252012-05-252008978-0-8213-7534-2https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6472The objective of this report is to provide some policy guidelines for the fight against poverty. In particular, it hopes to be able to identify the growing sectors, as well as the constraints faced by the poor in benefiting from this growth. The report is part of a series of studies conducted within the Poverty Reduction Group (PRMPR) to foster understanding of the role of employment earnings and labor markets in shared growth. In addition, it is intended to function as a background document for the World Bank's Nicaragua Poverty Assessment 2007. The degree to which growth is able to translate into poverty reduction depends on how its benefits are distributed among different segments of society. There is little doubt that growth measured by changes in average income contributes significantly to poverty reduction. However, it is also clear that countries differ in the degree to which income growth spells have translated into poverty reduction. Although differences in the responsiveness of poverty to income growth account for a small fraction of the overall differences in poverty changes across countries, from the point of view of an individual country, these differences may have significant implications for poverty reduction, especially in the short term.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CREDITACCOUNTINGACTIVE LABORADULT WORKERSAGGREGATE EMPLOYMENTANNUAL INCOMEAVAILABILITY OF CREDITBANKING SYSTEMBARGAINING MECHANISMBARGAINING SYSTEMBASIC POPULATIONBUDGETINGCALCULATIONCALCULATIONSCAPITAL GAINSCASH PAYMENTSCENTRAL AMERICACENTRAL AMERICANCHANGE IN POPULATIONCHILD LABORCOLLECTIVE BARGAININGCOMMUNITY SERVICESCONSOLIDATIONCONSUMERCONSUMER PRICE INDEXCONTRIBUTIONCOST OF CREDITCOST OF LABORDEBTDEBT RELIEFDEMOCRACYDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGEDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONDEPENDENCY RATIODEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESSDISSEMINATIONEARNINGEARNINGSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC GROWTHEMERGENCY ASSISTANCEEMERGING MARKETSEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT EFFECTSEMPLOYMENT GENERATIONEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPLOYMENT INCREASESEMPLOYMENT LEVELSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT POLICIESEMPLOYMENT SHAREEMPLOYMENT SIZEEMPLOYMENT STATUSEXCHANGE RATEEXPORT MARKETSEXPORT PROCESSING ZONEEXPORT PROCESSING ZONESFAMILY MEMBERSFIGHT AGAINST POVERTYFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONFINANCIAL POSITIONFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SERVICESFIRM LEVELFISCAL DEFICITFISCAL SUSTAINABILITYFLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETSFREE TRADEGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS NATIONAL INCOMEHOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISEHOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISESHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSIMPLICATIONS FOR POVERTY REDUCTIONINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOME LEVELSINCOME PROFILEINCOME TAXINCREASE IN INCOMEINDUSTRIALIZATIONINFLATIONINFORMAL SECTORINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENTJOB CREATIONJOBLESS GROWTHJOBSLABOR COSTSLABOR FORCELABOR INTENSITYLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITYLABOR MARKET REGULATIONLABOR MARKET REGULATIONSLABOR MARKETSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR REGULATIONLABOR REGULATIONSLABORERSLABOURLATIN AMERICANLEGAL STATUSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVING STANDARDSLOW EARNINGSLOW INCOMELOW INCOMESLOW UNEMPLOYMENTLOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATESLOW-INCOMELOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMEATMIDDLE EASTMIGRANTMIGRANT WORKERSMIGRATIONMINIMUM WAGEMINIMUM WAGESNATURAL DISASTERSNEW ENTRANTSNEW JOBSNORTH AFRICANUMBER OF PEOPLENUMBER OF PERSONSNUMBER OF WORKERSOCCUPATIONOCCUPATIONSOPEN UNEMPLOYMENTOPPORTUNITY COSTSPAID WORKERSPAYING JOBSPERMANENT JOBPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLITICAL INSTABILITYPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION CHANGEPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION STRUCTUREPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTION PROCESSPRODUCTION UNITSPRODUCTIVE FIRMSPRODUCTIVITIESPRODUCTIVITY LEVELPROGRESSPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC INVESTMENTQUALITATIVE APPROACHREAL ESTATEREGIONAL POPULATIONRESPECTRURAL LABORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POPULATIONSRURAL WORKERSSALARIED EMPLOYMENTSALARIED WORKERSSALARYSALESSAVINGSSCHOOLING ATTAINMENTSECONDARY EDUCATIONSEGMENTS OF SOCIETYSELF-EMPLOYMENTSEVERANCE PAYSKILL LEVELSKILL PREMIUMSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONSSOURCE OF CREDITSPILLOVERSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENTSUB-SAHARAN AFRICASUBSIDIARYSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTEMPORARY WORKERSTERMINATIONTOTAL EMPLOYMENTTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTOTAL LABOR FORCETOTAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTHTOTAL WAGETRANSPORTUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED WORKERSUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNIONSUNPAID FAMILY WORKERSUNSKILLED LABORUNSKILLED WORKERURBAN AREASURBAN POPULATIONURBANIZATIONWAGE EMPLOYMENTWAGE INCREASEWARWEB SITEWORKERWORKERSWORKING ADULTWORKING ADULTSWORKING AGEWORKING AGE POPULATIONWORKING POORWORKING POPULATIONWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWORTHWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7534-1