Liu, FengOuedraogo, AlainManghee, SeemaDanilenko, Alexander2014-04-252014-04-252012-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18060This primer is concerned with energy use and efficiency of network-based water supply and wastewater treatment in urban areas. It focuses on the supply side of the municipal water cycle, including the extraction, treatment, and distribution of water, and collection and treatment of wastewater-activities which are directly managed by Water and Wastewater Utilities (WWUs). The main challenges to scaling up Energy Efficiency (EE) in municipal water and wastewater services stem from sector governance issues, knowledge gaps, and financing hurdles. Utility governance affects the overall performance of individual WWUs and influences decision making, incentives and actions for energy management. This is likely the most significant barrier to WWU EE in many developing countries. Addressing knowledge gaps requires efforts to systematize data collection, training, and capacity building at utilities, supported by local and national governments. Financing hurdles can be reduced by introducing dedicated EE funds to address large but disaggregated investment needs and by promoting third-party financing through energy/water savings performance contracts. This primer is part of Energy Efficient Cities Initiative's (EECI's) knowledge clearinghouse function to inform World Bank (WB) staff working in urban water supply and wastewater management, as well as in energy, about the opportunities and good practices for improving EE and reducing energy cost in municipal WWUs.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACTIVATED SLUDGEALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAMANAEROBIC DIGESTIONAPPROACHAVAILABILITYBACKUP POWERBALANCEBASINSBIOGASBROAD RANGEBUILD-OWNCARBON DIOXIDECARBON FINANCECARBON FINANCINGCARBON INTENSITYCARBON MARKETCASH FLOWCLEAN WATERCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCOASTAL AREASCOMPETITIVE BIDDINGCOMPETITIVE BIDDING PROCESSCONNECTED HOUSEHOLDSCONSTRUCTIONCOST OF ELECTRICITYCUBIC METERCUBIC METER OF WATERCUBIC METERSDEMAND CURVEDEMAND FOR ENERGYDEMAND MANAGEMENTDESALINATIONDEWATERINGDISSOLVED OXYGENDISTRIBUTION NETWORKDISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITYDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSDRINKING WATEREFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTEFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC UTILITIESELECTRIC UTILITYELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SAVINGSELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY USAGEEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSIONSENERGY AUDITENERGY BILLSENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY COST SAVINGSENERGY COSTSENERGY DEMANDENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY GENERATIONENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY PRICESENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY REQUIREMENTSENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SUPPLYENERGY USAGEENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL VIABILITYGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGRIT REMOVALGROUND WATERGROUNDWATERHEATIMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCYINDUSTRIAL USEINITIAL INVESTMENTINVESTMENT COSTINVESTMENT COSTSINVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIESKILOWATT HOURLARGE URBAN WATER SUPPLYLEAST COSTLOCAL WATERLOCAL WATER UTILITYMUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENTMUNICIPAL FINANCEMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPAL OWNERSMUNICIPAL SERVICESMUNICIPAL WASTEWATERMUNICIPAL WATERMUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLYMUNICIPALITIESNUTRIENT REMOVALOPERATIONAL COSTSOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSOPERATIONAL EXPENDITUREOPERATIONAL PERFORMANCEOXYGENOZONEPEAK DEMANDPEAK LOADPEAK POWERPERFORMANCE BENCHMARKSPERFORMANCE CONTRACTPERFORMANCE CONTRACTSPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPIPED WATERPOLLUTANTSPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION CONTROLPOLLUTION CONTROL REQUIREMENTSPOPULATION GROWTHPOTABLE WATERPOWERPOWER DEMANDPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER GENERATORSPOWER REQUIREMENTSPOWER SYSTEMPRIMARY ENERGYPRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTIONPRIVATE OPERATORSPROVISION OF WATERPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC WATERPUMPINGPUMPING STATIONPUMPSRAW WATERREHABILITATION INVESTMENTSRESERVOIRSSANITATION INVESTMENTSANITATION OPERATIONSSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SERVICESSANITATION UTILITIESSEAWATERSERVICE CONTRACTSSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE IMPROVEMENTSSERVICE PROVIDERSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE QUALITYSEWAGE TREATMENTSOLAR ENERGYSOLIDS CONTENTSURFACE WATERSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTARIFF ADJUSTMENTSTAX EXEMPTIONTAX REVENUESTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTREATMENT TECHNOLOGIESURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN WATERURBAN WATER SUPPLYURBAN WATER UTILITIESUTILITIESUTILITY BILLSUTILITY CREDITWORTHINESSUTILITY MANAGEMENTUTILITY OPERATINGUTILITY SIZEVEHICLESWASTEWATERWASTEWATER COLLECTIONWASTEWATER MANAGEMENTWASTEWATER SECTORWASTEWATER SERVICESWASTEWATER SYSTEMSWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMSWASTEWATER UTILITIESWATER ASSOCIATIONWATER COLLECTIONWATER CONSERVATIONWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER DEMANDWATER DISTRIBUTIONWATER INFRASTRUCTUREWATER OPERATORSWATER QUALITYWATER SAVINGSWATER SECTORWATER SERVICEWATER SOURCESWATER SUPPLIESWATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY SYSTEMWATER SUPPLY SYSTEMSWATER SYSTEMWATER USEhttps://doi.org/10.1596/18060