Velenyi, Edit V.Smitz, Marc F.2014-06-122014-06-122014-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18643The 2008-09 global economic crises have shown that no country is immune to external challenges. When policy controls are missing or not used efficiently, crises can reverse progress even in advanced economies. This unexpected outcome has increased concerns about the ability of governments in developing countries to manage downturns. The question is whether current and future crises will reinforce the procyclical responses or whether these governments will be able to escape the procyclical trap. In the fiscal domain, countercyclical trends in developing countries are promising. Over the last decade, about a third of the developing world has been able to escape the procyclicality trap. Yet, little is known about the evidence on the cyclical patterns of government health spending. This descriptive analysis, which covers 183 countries between 1995 and 2010, provides empirical evidence on the cyclicality of government health expenditures, using panel data from a global macro database, the fiscal health database. The objective is to propose user-friendly diagnostic approaches in this area that can be easily replicated and updated to inform technical discussions and policy making.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOALLOCATION OF RESOURCESANALYTICAL CAPACITYARTICLEAUTOMATIC STABILIZERAUTOMATIC STABILIZERSBALANCE OF PAYMENTBANKING CRISESBURNSBUSINESS CYCLEBUSINESS CYCLESCAPITAL FLOWSCAPITAL FORMATIONCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL SPENDINGCENTRAL BANKCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCENTRAL GOVERNMENT SPENDINGCHECKSCOUNTRY RISKCREDIT MARKETSCREDITWORTHINESSCRISIS COUNTRIESCURRENCY CRISESDATA ANALYSISDATA AVAILABILITYDATA QUALITYDEBTDEBT CRISESDEBT PAYMENTSDEMAND FOR HEALTHDEMAND FOR HEALTH CAREDEMAND FOR SERVICESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDIAGNOSTIC TOOLECONOMIC CYCLEECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC DOWNTURNECONOMIC DOWNTURNSECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC RISKECONOMIC SHOCKSEDUCATION SPENDINGEFFICIENCY GAINSEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESEXPENDITURE GROWTHEXPENDITURES ON HEALTHEXPORTERSEXTERNAL BORROWINGSEXTERNAL DEBTFAMILY PLANNINGFINANCIAL CRISESFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL FLOWSFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL PROTECTIONFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL RISKFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITYFINANCIAL VARIABLESFINANCING POLICIESFISCAL ADJUSTMENTFISCAL AUSTERITYFISCAL BEHAVIORFISCAL CONSTRAINTSFISCAL DEFICITSFISCAL HEALTHFISCAL IMPACTFISCAL INSTITUTIONSFISCAL POLICIESFISCAL POLICYFISCAL RULESFISCAL STABILIZATIONFISCAL STATISTICSFISCAL TARGETSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTGOVERNMENT BUDGETSGOVERNMENT CONSUMPTIONGOVERNMENT EXPENDITUREGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT REVENUEGOVERNMENT REVENUESGOVERNMENT SPENDINGGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH POTENTIALGROWTH RATEHEALTH BUDGETSHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE FINANCINGHEALTH COVERAGEHEALTH DATABASEHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH INSURANCE FUNDSHEALTH NEEDSHEALTH ORGANIZATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICIESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SECTOR REFORMHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SHAREHEALTH SPENDINGHEALTH STATUSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCHHEALTH TARGETSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLNESSINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME EFFECTSINCOME ELASTICITYINCOME GROUPSINCOME GROWTHINTEREST PAYMENTSINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERVENTIONKEYNESIAN THEORIESLIQUIDITYLOANLOAN REPAYMENTLOCAL CURRENCYLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTMONETARY FUNDNATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL INCOMENONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSNUTRITIONPENSIONSPERSONAL INCOMEPOLICY FORMULATIONPOLICY RESPONSESPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL RISKPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRICE VOLATILITYPRIVATE SECTORPROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICESPROVISION OF WATERPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH SPENDINGPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC INVESTMENTSPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SPENDINGPURCHASING POWERREMITTANCESRESERVESRETURNSRISK GROUPSRISK MANAGEMENTSAFETY NETSANITATIONSECTOR BUDGETSECTOR POLICIESSECTOR POLICYSECTORAL ALLOCATIONSECTORAL POLICIESSOCIAL EXPENDITURESSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSOCIAL SERVICESSOLVENCYSOVEREIGN DEBTTAXTOTAL SPENDINGTRANSPARENCYTRUST FUNDUNEMPLOYMENTVOLUNTARY SECTOR10.1596/18643