Christen, ElisabethFrancois, JosephHoekman, Bernard2012-06-292012-06-292012-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/9324This paper examines how the applied multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) literature has moved into quantication of the impacts of greater market access for services. This includes discussion of multi-sector linkages to the service sector, as well both measuring barriers to trade and investment (generally with a mix of firm surveys, price comparisons, and econometrics), and how changes in these barriers, however measured, have been implemented in the CGE literature. Three challenges are highlighted. The first is identification of how trade in services takes place and how market access is therefore affected by policy. The second is to find data sufficiently robust for modeling purposes. The third, linked to the data problem, is to quantify the barriers to be examined. Significant progress has been made in modeling foreign direct investment and linking this to productivity, which turns out to be important. The paper also provides an example of modeling productivity linkages to openness and domestic regulation, with an applied CGE model of Italy. This illustrates cross-sector linkages and the integration of economic data and policy measures to define service sector experiments. Priorities for future research include better modeling of market structure, the linkages between sectors and the complementarities between different modes of supplying services.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGREEMENT ON TRADEARBITRAGEBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBARRIERBARRIERS TO ENTRYBENCHMARKBENCHMARKINGBILATERAL TRADEBILATERAL TRADE DATABORDER TRADEBUSINESS PRACTICESCARTELCENTRAL PLANNINGCOMMERCECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVENESSCOMPETITIVENESS OF FIRMSCONFIDENTIALITYCONSUMER DEMANDCONSUMER PRICESCONSUMERSCONTESTABILITYCORE BUSINESSESCOST STRUCTURECROSS-BORDER SUPPLYCUSTOMS UNIONDELIVERY OF SERVICESDEMAND FUNCTIONDEMOGRAPHICDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDIRECT VALUEDOMESTIC DEMANDDOMESTIC PRICEDOMESTIC REGULATIONDOMESTIC REGULATORY POLICIESDUOPOLYECONOMETRIC ANALYSISECONOMETRIC ESTIMATESECONOMETRICSECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SERVICESECONOMIC STRUCTUREELASTICITYELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTIONENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTSEXPORT PERFORMANCEEXPORT POSITIONSEXPORT SECTORSEXPORT STRUCTUREEXPORT VALUEEXPORTSFACTOR ENDOWMENTSFACTORS OF PRODUCTIONFINAL GOODSFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL SERVICESFIXED COSTSFOREIGN AFFILIATESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFOREIGN PARTICIPATIONFOREIGN PROVIDERSFOREIGN SUPPLIERSFULL LIBERALIZATIONFUTURE RESEARCHGATSGDPGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELINGGRAVITY MODELGRAVITY MODELSGROSS EXPORTSGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTGROSS OUTPUTGROSS VALUEGROWTH POTENTIALGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHOME COUNTRYHUMAN CAPITALIMPERFECT COMPETITIONIMPORT COMPETITIONIMPORTANCE OF SERVICESIMPROVED MARKET ACCESSINCOMEINCREASING RETURNSINEFFICIENCYINFORMATION SERVICESINPUT PRICESINSURANCEINTANGIBLEINTERMEDIATE INPUTSINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESSINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTINVENTORYINVESTMENT RESTRICTIONSLIBERALIZATION OF TRADELIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODSLIBERALIZING TRADEM1MARGINAL COSTMARGINAL COSTSMARKET ACCESSMARKET ACCESS NEGOTIATIONSMARKET POWERMARKET STRUCTUREMARKET STRUCTURESMARKETPLACEMERCHANDISEMERCHANDISE TRADEMERCHANDISE TRADE FLOWSMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIESMODES OF SUPPLYMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITIONMONOPOLYMULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATIONMULTILATERAL RULESMULTILATERAL TRADEMULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISESMULTINATIONAL FIRMSMULTIPLIERSOLIGOPOLYOPEN MARKETSOPENNESSOUTPUTSOUTSOURCINGPATTERN OF TRADEPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOSITIVE EFFECTSPREFERENTIAL TRADEPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTSPRICE COMPARISONSPRICE CONTROLPRICE CONTROLSPRICE INDEXESPRICE MARGINSPRICE REGULATIONPRIMARY FACTORSPRODUCT MARKETPRODUCTION FUNCTIONPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHREAL INCOMERED TAPEREDUCTION IN TARIFFSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TRADEREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTSREGRESSION ANALYSISREGULATORY BARRIERSREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY POLICIESREGULATORY POLICYREGULATORY REGIMEREGULATORY REGIMESREGULATORY REQUIREMENTSREGULATORY RESTRICTIONSREPUTATIONRETAILSALESSAVINGSSERVICE MARKETSSERVICE SECTORSERVICE SECTORSSERVICES MARKETSSERVICES SECTORSSERVICES TAKESSERVICES TRADESHARE OF CAPITALSINGLE MARKETSPECIALIZATIONSPREADSTOCKSSUBSTITUTESUBSTITUTESSUPPLIERSUPPLIERSSURPLUSTARIFF BARRIERSTARIFF EQUIVALENTSTAXTELECOMMUNICATIONSTERMS OF TRADETERMS OF TRADE EFFECTSTRADE AGREEMENTTRADE AGREEMENTSTRADE BARRIERSTRADE COSTSTRADE DATATRADE DIVERSIONTRADE EXPANSIONTRADE FLOWSTRADE IN SERVICESTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE MODELSTRADE NEGOTIATIONSTRADE REFORMSTRADE RESTRICTIONSTRADE TAXTRADE VOLUMESTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSACTIONS COSTSURUGUAY ROUNDVALUE ADDEDVALUE OF OUTPUTVALUE OF TRADEWAGESWELFARE GAINSWELFARE IMPACTSWELFARE LOSSWHOLESALE TRADEWORLD TRADEWTOWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6106