World Bank2012-08-132012-08-132009-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11719Interest in environmental health has increased in recent years, largely because the most vulnerable groups remain disproportionately exposed to and affected by health risks from environmental hazards. More than 40 percent of the global burden of disease attributed to environmental factors falls on children below five years of age, who account for about 10 percent of the world's population. Children are especially susceptible to environmental factors that put them at risk of developing illness early in life. Malnutrition is an important contributor to child mortality; malnutrition and environmental infections are inextricably linked, but these links have been forgotten or neglected by policy-makers. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently convened an expert panel, which concluded that about 50 percent of the consequences of malnutrition are in fact caused by inadequate water and sanitation provision and poor hygienic practices. Recent recognition of environmental linkages with malnutrition highlights the urgent need to develop a spectrum of interventions to reduce exposure to environmental risks.CC BY 3.0 IGOACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONSAIR POLLUTIONBEHAVIOR CHANGEBENEFIT ANALYSISBIOLOGICAL FACTORSBURDEN OF DISEASECAUSE OF DEATHCAUSES OF DEATHCHILD DEVELOPMENTCHILD HEALTHCHILD MORTALITYCHRONIC DISEASESCLEAN WATERCOALCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONDEATHSDELIVERY OF WATERDENGUEDIARRHEADIARRHEAL DISEASESDRINKING WATERECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMICSENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONSENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL RISKENVIRONMENTAL RISKSENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYEPIDEMIOLOGYFETUSHAZARDSHEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH ISSUESHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH RISKSHELMINTHSHIVHIV/AIDSHYGIENEHYGIENE BEHAVIORSHYGIENE EDUCATIONIMMUNITYINADEQUATE SANITATIONINADEQUATE WATERINCOMEINDOOR AIRINDOOR AIR POLLUTIONINFECTION DURING PREGNANCYINFECTIONSINTESTINAL WORMSLIVING CONDITIONSLOW BIRTH WEIGHTMALARIAMALARIA CONTROLMALARIA INFECTIONMALNUTRITIONMATERNAL HEALTHMEDICAL TREATMENTMORBIDITYMORBIDITY AND MORTALITYMORTALITYMOSQUITO BREEDINGNUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL STATUSPOLLUTIONPOOR HEALTHPOOR HYGIENEPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMENPRODUCTIVITYPUBLIC HEALTHRISK FACTORSRISK OF MALARIASAFE DRINKING WATERSANITARY CONDITIONSSANITATIONSANITATION SERVICESSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTVECTOR CONTROLVIRUSWATER SECTORWATER SUPPLYWorld Bank10.1596/11719