Babinard, JulieRoberts, Peter2014-03-262014-03-262006-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17413The reduction of child mortality and the improvement of maternal health are two of the Millennium Development Goals. Child and maternal mortalities continue to represent severe burdens in many developing countries. Every year, 527,000 women in developing countries die of pregnancy-related complications and nearly 4 million children die during their first month (accounting for 40 percent of all deaths under 5 years of age) with nearly all (98 percent) of them in developing countries. The risks of dying from pregnancy-related complications and a child dying under the age of five are highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. The risk of a mother or an infant dying can be significantly reduced by a continuum of basic care, which should include preventive measures and a skilled attendant during childbirth with access to the necessary equipment, drugs, and other supplies for effective management of any pregnancy-related complications. Yet, many women spend excessive time trying to reach a health facility with the capacity to treat obstetric or infant complications. It is estimated that 75 percent of maternal deaths might be prevented through timely access to essential emergency childbirth-related care. This paper focuses on the ways in which transport and road infrastructure play key roles in the overall delivery of and access to health services, and in the effectiveness of the health referral process. Many households do not have the reliable, suitable, and affordable transport services that are essential for access to care during the critical peri-natal and neonatal periods. Emergency access to care is also critical because many childbirth-related complications are unpredictable and the majority of births in developing countries continue to take place at home.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABORTIONACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESACCESSIBILITYAFFORDABLE TRANSPORTAGINGAMBULANCE SERVICEAMBULANCE SERVICESAMBULANCESANESTHESIAANTENATAL CAREBEDSBEHAVIOR CHANGEBICYCLESBIRTH ATTENDANTSBREASTFEEDINGCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCAUSES OF DEATHCHILD CARECHILD DEATHSCHILD HEALTHCHILD HEALTH CARECHILD HEALTH SERVICESCHILD MORTALITYCHILD MORTALITY RATESCHILDBIRTHCLINICSCOMMUNITY INTERVENTIONSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOST EFFECTIVENESSCOST OF TRANSPORTCOUNSELLINGDEATHS OF CHILDRENDELIVERY CAREDELIVERY COMPLICATIONSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT GOALSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISABILITIESDISPENSARIESDOCTORSDRUGSECTOPIC PREGNANCYEFFICIENT TRANSPORTEMERGENCIESEMERGENCY CAREEMERGENCY TREATMENTENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHESSENTIAL OBSTETRIC CAREFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY PLANNINGFIRST AIDFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONGENERAL PRACTITIONERSGONORRHEAGYNECOLOGYHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH CARE SYSTEMHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH FACILITYHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH MANAGEMENTHEALTH POSTSHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH STATUSHEALTH STATUS OF MOTHERSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH WORKERSHEART DISEASEHIGH TRANSPORTATIONHIVHIV INFECTIONHOME DELIVERIESHOSPITALHOSPITAL CAREHOSPITALSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHYPOTHERMIAILLNESSIMMUNIZATIONIMMUNIZATIONSINFANTINFANT DEATHSINFANT HEALTHINFANTSINFECTIONSINJURYINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POPULATIONLIFETIME RISKLIVE BIRTHSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW BIRTH WEIGHTMALARIAMATERNAL CAREMATERNAL COMPLICATIONSMATERNAL DEATHMATERNAL DEATHSMATERNAL HEALTHMATERNAL HEALTH SERVICESMATERNAL MORTALITIESMATERNAL MORTALITYMATERNAL MORTALITY RATIOMATERNAL MORTALITY RATIOSMEDICAL FACILITIESMEDICAL STAFFMEDICAL SUPPLIESMIDWIFEMIDWIFERYMIDWIVESMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINISTRY OF HEALTHMOBILE CLINICSMODE OF TRANSPORTMODE OF TRANSPORTATIONMORBIDITYMORTALITYMORTALITY REDUCTIONMOTHERMOTOR VEHICLEMOTOR VEHICLESNATIONAL HEALTHNEONATAL CARENEONATAL DEATHNEONATAL HEALTHNEONATAL MORTALITYNEONATAL PERIODNEONATAL TETANUSNEWBORNNEWBORN CARENEWBORN HEALTHNEWBORNSNUMBER OF BIRTHSNUMBER OF DEATHSNUMBER OF PEOPLENURSENURSESNUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIESOBSTETRIC CAREPATIENTPATIENT CAREPATIENTSPEDIATRICSPOOR FAMILIESPOOR NUTRITIONPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENTPOPULATION DENSITYPOSTABORTIONPOSTABORTION COUNSELINGPOSTNATAL CAREPOSTPARTUM CAREPOSTPARTUM PERIODPREGNANCIESPREGNANCYPREGNANCY COMPLICATIONSPREGNANCY-RELATED CAUSESPREVENTABLE DISEASEPROBABILITYPROGRESSPROPHYLAXISPROVINCIAL HOSPITALQUALITY CAREREDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITYREFERRAL SYSTEMREFERRAL SYSTEMSRESOURCE CONSTRAINTSRISK FACTORSRISK OF DEATHROADROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROADSRURAL AREASRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL TRANSPORTRURAL WOMENSAFE CHILDBIRTHSAFE MOTHERHOODSCREENINGSERVICE PROVISIONSKILLED ATTENDANTSKILLED CARESKILLED HEALTH PERSONNELSKILLED PROFESSIONALSSOCIAL FACTORSSTILLBIRTHSURGERYSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTSYPHILISTERTIARY LEVELTETANUSTRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTSTRANSPORTTRANSPORT ACCESSTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT MEASURESTRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT REQUIREMENTSTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORT STRATEGYTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION COSTSTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURETRAVEL TIMETRAVEL TIMESTUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS CONTROLUMBILICAL CORDUNSAFE ABORTIONURBAN CENTERSURBAN WOMENVEHICLE FLEETVEHICLESWALKINGWOMANWORKERSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUNG CHILDREN10.1596/17413