World Bank2014-01-302014-01-302013-09-17https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16750Over the past decade, some countries of the Middle East and North Africa region have spurred economic growth and improved their global competitiveness by taking the first steps in the direction of the knowledge economy. The World Bank Group focuses on Arab societies that deepen their commitment to reforms in four key policy areas: developing more open and entrepreneurial economies, preparing a better-educated and skilled population, improving capabilities for innovation and research, and expanding information and communication technologies. The success of a knowledge-economy strategy depends on coordinated progress on all four fronts, with bold approaches tailored to each country's challenges and opportunities. This report includes chapters organized into three main parts. Part 1 presents the rationale and approach for the transition to the knowledge- and innovation-driven economy. Part 2 describes the policies to be implemented in key areas of the knowledge economy: governance, education, innovation, and information and communication technology. Part 3 discusses economic diversification initiatives that can help countries make the most of their knowledge-economy investments. The three annexes to this report review the literature on the relationship between the knowledge economy and job creation in the Middle East and North Africa region, provide insights on a series of country experiences from across the world in developing knowledge-based development strategies, and survey knowledge-economy issues in several Arab countries and highlight policy initiatives that are adapted to their specific country circumstances.La nécessité de créer des millions d’emplois de qualité est le premier des nombreux défis de taille auxquels est confronté le monde arabe. Pour le relever, les pays arabes auraient intérêt à adopter un modèle de croissance s’appuyant sur l’économie fondée sur la connaissance, modèle qui se généralise au niveau mondial. Au cours de la dernière décennie, certains pays de la région ont relancé leur croissance et amélioré leur compétitivité en s’engageant sur la voie de l’économie de la connaissance. Cependant, pour aller plus loin, les sociétés arabes doivent renforcer leurs réformes dans quatre domaines clés : le développement d’économies plus ouvertes et avec plus d’esprit d’entreprise, la préparation d’une population mieux éduquée et plus qualifiée, l’amélioration de leurs capacités d’innovation et de recherche, et la promotion des technologies de l’information et de la communication et de leurs applications. Le succès dépend des progrès réalisés de manière coordonnée sur ces quatre fronts, au moyen d’approches audacieuses adaptées aux défis et aux possibilités de chaque pays. Ce rapport exhorte les décideurs à adopter de nouveaux agendas politiques et un nouvel état d’esprit qui puisse conduire à la création de plus d’emplois à plus forte valeur dans un environnement connecté en permanence aux réseaux mondiaux. Compte tenu de la diversité du monde arabe, l’étude ne propose pas une approche toute faite et uniforme, mais offre plutôt des exemples provenant de la région, ainsi que de pays à travers le monde.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO GLOBAL MARKETSCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIESCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEDIGITAL DIVIDEECONOMIES OF SCALEEDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONSEMERGING ECONOMIESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFREEDOM OF EXPRESSIONGENDER GAPGLOBAL KNOWLEDGEGLOBAL KNOWLEDGE ECONOMYGLOBAL KNOWLEDGE ECONOMYICT INDUSTRIESICT INDUSTRYINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION INFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESINFORMATION ECONOMYINFORMATION INFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATION SERVICESINFORMATION SOCIETYINFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINNOVATION POLICYINNOVATION SYSTEMSINNOVATION POLICYINNOVATION POLICIESINNOVATION POLICYINNOVATION SYSTEMINNOVATION SYSTEMSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTERNET APPLICATIONSINTERNET BANDWIDTHINTERNET ECONOMYINTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERSINTERNET USEKNOW HOWKNOW-HOWKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY PILLARSKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY PILLARSKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY PILLARSKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY INDEXKNOWLEDGE INDEXKNOWLEDGE WORKERSKNOWLEDGE ECONOMIESKNOWLEDGE ABSORPTIONKNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE CLUSTERSKNOWLEDGE ECONOMIESKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY INDEXKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY PILLARSKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY STRATEGIESKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY STRATEGYKNOWLEDGE EXCHANGEKNOWLEDGE FOR DEVELOPMENTKNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTUREKNOWLEDGE PRODUCTIONKNOWLEDGE SOCIETYKNOWLEDGE SYSTEMSKNOWLEDGE TRANSFERKNOWLEDGE WORKERSKNOWLEDGE- BASED ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE-BASED INDUSTRIESNETWORK INFRASTRUCTUREPARAMETERSPOSITIVE EXTERNALITIESPROCUREMENT POLICIESREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL INTEGRATIONRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICYSTRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMSTECHNOLOGY POLICYTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKETSTELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKSTELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICYTELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICESWorld Bank10.1596/16750