Zhang, YabeiAdams, Norma2015-07-072015-07-072015-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22114Past market failures to deliver clean cooking and heating solutions, especially to low-income households, suggest the continued need for subsidies if universal access is to be achieved. To succeed, however, subsidies must be well-targeted, have low potential for “leakage,” and be calibrated to avoid destroying commercial incentives and discipline. Results-based financing, which disburses public resources against demonstrated results, can be used to mobilizeand sustain private-sector participation in scaling up access to clean stoves. Pilots implementing this approach under the World Banks Clean Stove Initiative show promising results.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOLIVING STANDARDSENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSENERGY CONSUMPTIONLEAKAGELPGTEMPERATUREAIR QUALITYBALANCEALTERNATIVE ENERGYINCOMEENERGY NEEDSPOWERELECTRICITYCOOKING STOVESACCESS TO MODERN ENERGYACTIVITIESALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAMINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYCLEAN ENERGYCHARCOALTRADITIONAL BIOMASSEMISSIONSSUPPLY COSTSRENEWABLESHYDROPOWERHOUSEHOLD COOKINGBIOGASMOMENTUMPETROLEUM GASINDOOR AIR QUALITYGASMEASUREMENTSPRICEENVIRONMENTSURVEYSAIR POLLUTION RESULTINGBIOMASS FUELSPRIMARY ENERGYENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY DEMANDQUALIFICATIONSDENSITYBIOMASSPETROLEUMSTOVESCOMBUSTIONPER CAPITA INCOMEINVESTMENTAIR POLLUTIONGASEOUS FUELSBIOMASS RESOURCESENERGY MIXCOOKING FUELSSUSTAINABLE ENERGYCOALFOREST RESIDUESFUELLIGNITECOOKINGGLOBAL ENERGY MIXENERGY INTENSITYELECTRIFICATIONRURAL ENERGYAVAILABILITYWATERSOLID FUELSENERGY RESOURCESPRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTIONBOTTOM LINEINVESTMENTSRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESBRIQUETTESHOUSEHOLD ENERGYPOLLUTIONLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASRENEWABLE ENERGYENERGY SECTORKEROSENESAFETYPELLETSCOLORGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTPIPELINEFUELSPRICESAPPROACHHEATINGTESTINGCLEAN COALENERGYBriefWorld Bank10.1596/22114