World Bank2013-02-262013-02-262010-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12504The report is part of a broader study, the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC), which has two objectives: (a) to develop a global estimate of adaptation costs for informing international climate negotiations; and (b) to help decision makers in developing countries assess the risks posed by climate change and design national strategies for adapting to it. This paper is one of a series of country-level studies, where national data were disaggregated to more local and sector levels, helping to understand adaptation from a bottom-up perspective. Ethiopia is heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture. Its geographical location and topography in combination with low adaptive capacity entail a high vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Historically the country has been prone to extreme weather variability. Rainfall is highly erratic, most rain falls with high intensity, and there is a high degree of variability in both time and space. Since the early 1980s, the country has suffered seven major droughts five of which have led to famines in addition to dozens of local droughts. Major floods also occurred in different parts of the country in 1988, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 2006. Climate projections obtained from the GCMs referred to above suggest an increase in rainfall variability with a rising frequency of both severe flooding and droughts due to global warming.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSORPTIONADAPTIVE MANAGEMENTADVERSE IMPACTSADVERSE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTUREANNUAL COSTANNUAL PRECIPITATIONATMOSPHEREAVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALLAVERAGE RAINFALLBASESBASINSCALCULATIONCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECASE STUDIESCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATIONCLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGYCLIMATE CHANGE DAMAGECLIMATE CHANGE DISCUSSIONCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSCLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOSCLIMATE CHANGESCLIMATE CONDITIONSCLIMATE DATACLIMATE FLUCTUATIONSCLIMATE HAZARDSCLIMATE IMPACTSCLIMATE MODELCLIMATE MODELSCLIMATE OUTCOMESCLIMATE PATTERNSCLIMATE PROJECTIONSCLIMATE RESEARCHCLIMATE RESEARCH UNITCLIMATE RESILIENCECLIMATE RISKCLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENTCLIMATE SCENARIOSCLIMATE SENSITIVECLIMATE SENSITIVE SECTORSCLIMATE STRESSCLIMATE VARIABLESCLIMATE VULNERABILITYCLIMATE-CHANGECLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOCLIMATE-SENSITIVE SECTORSCLIMATESCLIMATIC CHANGECLIMATIC CONDITIONSCLIMATIC SHOCKSCLIMATIC VULNERABILITYCLIMATIC ZONESCOCO2COALCOASTAL ZONECOASTAL ZONESCOLORSCONSTRUCTIONCOST OF CLIMATE CHANGECOST OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSCOSTS OF CLIMATE CHANGECROP INSURANCECROP PRODUCTIONCROPLANDCROPSCRUDAMSDATA COLLECTIONDATA SETSDEGRADED LANDSDISCOUNT RATEDRAINAGEDROUGHTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC GROWTH RATESECONOMIC IMPACTSECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATEECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEECONOMIC SECTORSECONOMIC WELFAREECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGEECONOMY-WIDE IMPACTSECOSYSTEMEFFECT OF TEMPERATUREELECTRICITYELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SECTOREMISSIONEMISSION SCENARIOSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS SCENARIOSENERGY DEMANDENERGY SYSTEMENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONEROSIONEVAPORATIONEVAPOTRANSPIRATIONEXCHANGE RATEEXTREME EVENTSEXTREME WEATHEREXTREME WEATHER EVENTSFERTILIZERSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFISHERIESFLOOD CONTROLFLOOD DAMAGEFLOOD EVENTSFLOOD FREQUENCYFLOOD PROTECTIONFLOODINGFLOODSFOREIGN SAVINGFORESTFORESTRYFORESTSFUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOSGASGCMGENERAL CIRCULATION MODELGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELGENERATION CAPACITYGHGGLOBAL HYDROLOGYGLOBAL WARMINGGOLDGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASESHIGHLANDSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSINGHUMIDITYHYDROLOGYIMAGESIMPACT OF CLIMATEIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGEIMPACT OF TEMPERATUREIMPACTS FROM CLIMATE CHANGEIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEIMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGEIMPORTSINCOMEINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGEINTERNATIONAL CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONSINVESTMENT DECISIONSIPCCITCZLAND AREALAND USEMAXIMUM TEMPERATURENATIONAL CLIMATENATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGENEGATIVE IMPACTNEGATIVE IMPACTSNEGATIVE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEPER CAPITA INCOMEPETPOLICY ANALYSISPOWER GENERATIONPRECIPITATIONPRECIPITATION INTENSITYPRECIPITATION PATTERNSPRESENT VALUERAINRAINFALLRAINFALL DISTRIBUTIONRAINFALL INTENSITYRAINFALL RUNOFFRAINFALL VARIABILITYRANGESREGIONAL CLIMATERELATIVE PRICERENEWABLE ENERGYRESERVOIRRESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGERESOURCE ALLOCATIONSRESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGERIVERRIVERINERUNOFFSEASONAL CHANGESSOILSSOLAR RADIATIONSPECIESSTORM RUNOFFSTORMSSURFACE TEMPERATURETEMPERATURETEMPERATURE CHANGETEMPERATURE CHANGESTEMPERATURE DATATEMPERATURE IMPACTSTEMPERATURE INCREASETEMPERATURE INCREASESTEMPERATURESTEMPORAL VARIABILITYTOPOGRAPHYTRANSPORT SECTORUNCERTAINTIESVEGETATIONVULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE VARIABILITYWATERSHEDWATERSHED MANAGEMENTWEATHER CHANGESWETLANDSWETLANDS PROTECTIONWINDWIND ENERGYWIND VELOCITYWorld Bank10.1596/12504