Rakodi, Carole2014-12-302014-12-302014https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21030Evidence is mounting that secure property rights have positive effects for poor people in general and women in particular. The aim of this report is to review what is known about women s access to and control over land and real property in urban settings, identifying approaches to strengthening property rights that enhance women s agency, and sharing key lessons. Section two synthesizes the evidence on urban women s priorities with respect to land and housing; the factors that influence women s access to and control over land and secure tenure, including legal and institutional frameworks and social relationships, especially within the family; and what is known about the extent to which women have access to, control over and use of urban land and housing, and through what forms of tenure. In section three, recent reform of laws, policies and practices to meet the needs of poor people in urban areas, especially women, will be assessed. Section four provides a short discussion of some of the strategies, tactics and alliances that are being adopted to bring about legal reforms and to influence the content, design and implementation of programs in urban areas. The report draws on successive research projects by the author and her colleagues on land and housing markets and policies, urban livelihoods, and urban politics and governance in a variety of contexts, in particular Rakodi (2010).en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EMPLOYMENTACCESS TO LANDADVOCACYAGE OF MARRIAGEAGENTSAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURECENSUSESCHILD CARECHILD-BEARINGCHILDBEARINGCHRONIC POVERTYCITIESCITIZENSCIVIL MARRIAGECOMMUNITY PROPERTYCOMPENSATIONCONSENSUAL UNIONSCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION OF HOUSESCOURTCOURTSCULTURAL PRACTICESCULTURAL RIGHTSCUSTOMARY LAWDECEASED HUSBANDDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDISCRIMINATIONDISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGEDIVORCEDOMESTIC VIOLENCEDWELLINGECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT OF WOMENENFORCEMENT OF LAWSEQUAL ACCESSEQUAL RIGHTSETHNIC GROUPETHNIC GROUPSEVICTIONSEXTENDED FAMILYFAMILIESFAMILY HOMEFAMILY HOUSEFAMILY INCOMEFAMILY LAWFAMILY LAWSFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY PROPERTYFAMILY RELATIONSHIPSFARMERSFEMALEFEMALE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDFOOD SECURITYGENDERGENDER AWARENESSGENDER BIASGENDER EQUALITYGENDER INEQUALITYGENDER NORMSGENDER ROLESGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGREEN SPACEHABITATHARASSMENTHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH SERVICESHEALTHY ENVIRONMENTHOMEHOME OWNERSHIPHOMEOWNERSHOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIESHOUSESHOUSINGHOUSING CONSTRUCTIONHOUSING MARKETHOUSING MARKETSHOUSING NEEDSHOUSING POLICIESHOUSING POLICYHOUSING PROGRAMMESHOUSING SUPPLYHOUSING UNITSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RIGHTSHUSBANDHUSBANDSILL HEALTHIMPACTS OF POLICIESINCOMESINDIVIDUAL MEMBERSINFORMATION SYSTEMSINHERITANCEINTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMENINTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONSINTERNATIONAL COVENANTINTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTSINTERNATIONAL TREATIESISLAMIC LAWKINSHIPLABOUR MARKETSLAND ADMINISTRATIONLAND MANAGEMENTLAND OWNERSHIPLAND TENURELAND TITLINGLAND TRANSACTIONSLAND USELAND USE PLANNINGLANDLORDSLANDOWNERSLARGE NUMBERS OF WOMENLAWSLEASEHOLDLEASESLEGAL AIDLEGAL CHANGESLEGAL MARRIAGELEGAL PROTECTIONLEGAL REFORMLEGAL REFORMSLEGAL RIGHTSLEGISLATIONLEGISLATIVE CHANGESLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIESLIVELIHOODSLIVING CONDITIONSLOW INCOMELOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDSMARITAL PROPERTYMARITAL RELATIONSHIPSMARITAL STATUSMARRIAGESMASCULINITYMIGRANTSMINOR CHILDRENMINORITYMORTGAGESMUSLIM WOMENNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSNATIONAL LEVELNATURAL RESOURCESNEIGHBOURHOODSNUMBER OF PEOPLEOLD AGEOLDER MENOLDER WOMENOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENOWNERSHIP RIGHTSPANDEMICPARTICIPATION IN DECISIONPEACEPENSIONPERMANENT SETTLEMENTPERSONAL SAFETYPOLICY CHANGEPOLYGAMOUS MARRIAGESPOTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONPRACTITIONERSPRIVATE DEVELOPERSPRIVATE LANDPRIVATE OWNERSPRIVATE SECTORPROGRESSPROPERTY LAWPROPERTY OWNERSHIPPROPERTY RIGHTPROPERTY RIGHTSPROPERTY TAXESPUBLIC ARENAPUBLIC HOUSINGPUBLIC LANDPUBLIC SECTOR HOUSINGPUBLIC SERVICESREAL PROPERTYRELIGIOUS SYSTEMSREMITTANCESRENTAL HOUSINGRESETTLEMENTRESIDENCERESPECTRIGHT TO ADEQUATE HOUSINGRIGHTS OF WOMENROADSRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL WOMENSANITATIONSECURE PROPERTY RIGHTSSELF-HELPSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE PROVISIONSEXSEX RATIOSSINGLE WOMENSLUM DWELLERSSLUMSSMALLER FAMILIESSOCIAL MOBILITYSOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL PRESSURESOCIAL SCIENCESOCIAL STATUSSOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSPECULATIVE DEVELOPMENTSPOUSESPOUSESSQUATTERSSTATE GOVERNMENTSSTRATEGY FOR WOMENTAXATIONTENANTSUNMARRIED WOMENURBAN AREASURBAN CENTREURBAN COMMUNITYURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN LANDURBAN MIGRATIONURBAN PLANNINGURBAN POPULATIONSURBAN WOMENUTILITIESVULNERABILITYWIDOWWIDOWERSWIDOWSWIFEWILLWIVESWOMANWOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGEYOUNG COUPLESYOUNG WOMEN10.1596/21030