Zhang, ChunlinZeng, Douglas ZhihuaMako, William PeterSeward, James2012-03-192012-03-192009978-0-8213-7753-6https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2619China has made remarkable gains in industrialization and development. Over the past three decades, it has maintained gross domestic product (GDP) growth of about 9 percent per year and lifted more than 400 million people out of poverty. Entering the 21st century, China is determined to ensure the sustainability of its economic and social development, to which the innovativeness of business enterprises is critical. In 2006, the government of China laid out a strategy of enterprise-led indigenous innovation. In implementing this strategy, Chinese enterprises must cope with two severe challenges arising from the current stage of development. First, they must derive their competitiveness increasingly from innovativeness. Second, while they are innovating, they must also create jobs to keep the Chinese labor force employed. The realization of China's vision to promote enterprise-led innovation will entail concerted actions by government, the corporate sector, and the financial sector. What can the government do? The four basic recommendations of this report are to pursue a balanced strategy, to create the right incentives, to build the capacity of the private sector, and to strengthen the ecosystem for the venture capital (VC) industry.CC BY 3.0 IGO3GACCOUNTINGACTION PLANADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGIESADVANCED TECHNOLOGIESADVANCED TECHNOLOGYASSEMBLERSAUTOMOBILEAUTOMOTIVEBARRIERS TO ENTRYBASICBEST PRACTICEBIOTECHNOLOGYBUSINESS ACTIVITIESBUSINESS DECISIONSBUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBUSINESS ENTERPRISESBUSINESS OWNERSBUSINESS SECTORBUSINESS SERVICESBUSINESS STRATEGYBUSINESSESCADCAPABILITIESCAPABILITYCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL INVESTMENTCITIESCOLLABORATIONCOLLECTIVE ACTIONCOMMERCECOMMODITIESCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPONENTSCOMPUTER TECHNOLOGYCOMPUTERSCONFIDENTIALITYCONSUMER ELECTRONICSCONSUMER MARKETSCONTRACT LAWCOPYINGCOPYRIGHTDECISION-MAKINGDEDUCTIBLEDEVELOPMENT CENTERDEVELOPMENT CENTERSDEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONSDEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIONDISPLACEMENTE-MAILECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC SECTORSECONOMIC SUCCESSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELECTRIC APPLIANCESELECTRICAL MACHINERYELECTRONICS INDUSTRYEMPLOYEEENGINEERSENTRY BARRIERSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONEQUIPMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESEXTERNAL MARKETFAIR COMPETITIONFELLOWSHIPFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL SYSTEMFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN INVESTMENTSFREE MARKET ECONOMYFULL EMPLOYMENTGLOBAL COMPETITIVENESSGLOBAL MARKETGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONGROWTH STRATEGIESGROWTH STRATEGYHUMAN RESOURCESHUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENTINCOMEINDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESINDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGYINDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONINFORMATION INDUSTRYINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGINNOVATIONINNOVATION POLICYINPUT PRICESINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONAL INVESTORSINSURANCEINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONINTERNATIONAL STANDARDINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSINVENTIONINVESTMENT DECISIONSJOB CREATIONJOINT VENTURESLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR SUPPLYLABORERSLACK OF CAPITALLANLEARNINGLICENSESLIMITED ACCESSLIMITED ACCESS TO FINANCEMANPOWERMANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING INDUSTRYMARKET DEMANDSMARKET ECONOMIESMARKET ECONOMYMARKET PRICESMARKETINGMATERIALMIIMOTIVATIONMULTIPLE ACCESSNATURAL RESOURCESNETWORKSNEW MARKETSNONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONSOCCUPATIONSOVERHEAD COSTSPDFPHOTOPRIVATE ENTERPRISESPRIVATE EQUITYPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATIZATIONPROCUREMENTPRODUCT CATEGORYPRODUCT DESIGNSPRODUCTION CAPACITYPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPROFIT MOTIVEPROFITABILITYPROGRAMSQUERIESR&DRESULTRESULTSSALES REVENUESCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYSCIENTISTSSELF-FINANCINGSEMICONDUCTORSEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRYSITESSMALL ENTERPRISESSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SCIENCESSOCIAL SECURITYSTANDARDIZATIONSUPERVISIONSUPPLIERSTAX INCENTIVESTECHNICAL TRAININGTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCESTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONTECHNOLOGY LICENSESTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTELECOMTELECOMMUNICATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONETELEVISIONTRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGYTRANSMISSIONUNDERDEVELOPMENTUNIONUTILITY MODELSVENTURE CAPITALVILLAGEVOUCHERWAGESWIRELESSWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7753-6