World Bank2013-02-222013-02-222011-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12456This report describes the demographic transition in the Russian Federation and its implications for adult learning and long-term care policies. The population of Russia is aging and declining rapidly compared to other European nations. Russia's current age structure results from decades of complex demographic trends that have created a population structure with increasingly fewer young people. Women are having fewer children and are waiting longer to have children. Russia's mortality remains higher than in other developed societies. This high mortality is due to an unusually high incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries among adult men. Two key challenges face Russia. The first challenge is whether public expenditure on pensions and health care will become unsustainable as the size of the elderly population increases. The second challenge is whether declining population sizes will reduce the size of the labor force and hence reduce economic growth.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO INFORMATIONADULT EDUCATIONADULT LEARNINGADULT MORBIDITYADULT POPULATIONAGEDAGINGAGING POPULATIONSALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONBEDSBULLETINCANCERCARE CENTERSCARE GIVERSCAUSES OF DEATHCERTIFICATIONCHILD CARECHILDBEARINGCHILDREN PER WOMANCITIZENSCLIMATE CHANGECOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMMUNITY HEALTH CARECOMPETENCIESCOMPULSORY EDUCATIONCONTINUOUS EDUCATIONCOUNSELINGCURRICULUMCURRICULUM REQUIREMENTSDAY CAREDEATH RATESDEMAND FOR SERVICESDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESDEMOGRAPHIC POLICYDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDIETSDISABILITYDISABLEDDISABLED CHILDRENDISABLED PEOPLEDISABLED PERSONSDISEASESEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICIESEDUCATION SYSTEMELDERLYELDERLY PERSONSELDERLY POPULATIONENROLLMENT RATEENROLMENTSEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESEXCHANGE RATEEXPENDITURESFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY SIZEFAMILY SUPPORTFERTILITYFERTILITY DECLINEFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY RATESFEWER CHILDRENFEWER PEOPLEFINANCESFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFIRST BIRTHFOREIGN STUDENTSFORMAL CAREFORMAL TRAININGGENDERGENERAL EDUCATIONGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS ENROLLMENTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE EXPENDITURESHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH OF MENHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH STATUSHOME CAREHOSPITALHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUSBANDSILL HEALTHILLNESSESIMMIGRANTSIMMIGRATIONINCOMEINJURIESINTEGRATIONINTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATIONINTERVENTIONJOB SECURITYJOB TRAININGKEY CHALLENGESLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOUR MARKETLAWSLEARNING ACHIEVEMENTLEARNING OPPORTUNITIESLEARNING OUTCOMESLEVEL OF FERTILITYLIFE EXPECTANCYLIFELONG LEARNINGLITERACYLOCAL AUTHORITIESLONG- TERM CARELONG-TERM CARELOW FERTILITYLOWER FERTILITYMARKET ECONOMYMATERNITY LEAVEMEDICAIDMEDICAL CONDITIONSMEDICAL EXPENSESMEDICAL SERVICESMIGRANTMINORITYMORTALITYNATIONAL LEVELNUMBER OF BIRTHSNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMANNUMBER OF DEATHSNUMBER OF PEOPLENUMBER OF PERSONSNUMBER OF WOMENNUMBER OF WORKERSNURSINGNURSING HOME CARENURSING HOMESOLD AGEOLDER AGE GROUPSOLDER PEOPLEOLDER PERSONSOPERATING COSTSPARTICIPATION RATESPEDAGOGYPENSIONSPERSONS WITH DISABILITIESPOLICY FORMULATIONPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY-MAKING BODIESPOPULATION AGE STRUCTUREPOPULATION DECLINEPOPULATION DIVISIONPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH RATEPOPULATION GROWTH RATESPOPULATION SIZEPOPULATION STRUCTUREPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIVATE ENTERPRISESPROBABILITYPROGRESSPROVIDER PAYMENTPROVISION OF SERVICESPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC SERVICESQUALITY ASSURANCEQUALITY OF CAREQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY SERVICESREADINGRECEIPTSREHABILITATIONREHABILITATION CENTERSREPRODUCTIVE GOALSRESIDENTIAL CARERESPECTRETIRED PERSONSRISK OF DEATHRURAL AREASSCHOOLINGSCIENTIFIC STUDY OF POPULATIONSECONDARY EDUCATIONSERVICE PROVISIONSKILLED STAFFSKILLED WORKERSSLOWING POPULATION GROWTHSMOKINGSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SERVICESOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL TENSIONSSOCIAL WORKERSSPOUSESTAGES OF LIFESTATE UNIVERSITYTEACHERSTERTIARY EDUCATIONTRADE UNIONSTRAINING OPPORTUNITIESTRAINING PROGRAMSTRAUMAUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNIONURBAN AREASVASCULAR DISEASESVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVOCATIONAL SCHOOLSWORK FORCEWORKFORCEWORKING POPULATIONWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONWORLD POPULATIONYOUNG PEOPLEYOUNG WOMENWorld Bank10.1596/12456