World Bank2014-03-252014-03-252013-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17367Vietnam is facing the challenge of trying to keep pace with increasing environmental pollution associated with rapid urbanization, especially in the larger cities. Over the past 20 years, the Government of Vietnam has made considerable effort to develop urban sanitation policies, legislations and regulations, and to invest in urban sanitation including wastewater treatment systems. This study is one of three country studies conducted in the emerging countries of Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia as part of the East Asian urban sanitation review. It reviews the effectiveness of the wastewater sector in Vietnam and makes recommendations to the Government on actions to scale up the sector to improve its performance. Lessons that emerge from this study can be considered for the on-going and or the next generation of wastewater systems.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SANITATIONACTIVATED SLUDGEACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENTAGRICULTURAL WASTESAMMONIA REMOVALANAEROBIC FILTERSAQUACULTUREAUGMENTATIONBENEFITS OF SANITATIONBIOGASBIOLOGICAL TREATMENTBODBROAD RANGECATCHMENTCATCHMENT AREACHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANDCODCOLLECTION SYSTEMSCOMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWCOMBINED SEWER SYSTEMSCOMBINED SEWERAGECOMBINED SEWERSCOMPOSTCOMPOSTINGCONNECTIONCONSTRUCTED WETLANDSCONSTRUCTIONCONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGECOST RECOVERYCUBIC METERSCUBIC METERS PER DAYDIGESTERSDISPOSAL OF WASTEWATERDOMESTIC WASTEWATERDOMESTIC WATERDOMESTIC WATER SUPPLYDRAINDRAINAGEDRAINAGE FACILITIESDRAINAGE NETWORKDRAINAGE SYSTEMDRAINAGE SYSTEMSDRAINAGE WORKSDRAINSDRYING BEDSEFFLUENT DISCHARGEEFFLUENT QUALITYEFFLUENTSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONFLOOD CONTROLGROUNDWATERHIGH LEVELSHOUSE CONNECTIONSHOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONHOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONSHOUSEHOLD SANITATIONHOUSEHOLDSHYGIENEIMHOFF TANKSINADEQUATE SANITATIONINCOMING WASTEWATERINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERINDUSTRIAL WATERINFILTRATIONINVESTMENT COSTSINVESTMENT PLANNINGIRRIGATIONLAKESLANDFILLSLARGE CITIESLARGE CITYLIMELOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL WATERNATURAL RESOURCESNITRIFICATIONODOR CONTROLORGANIC LOADORGANIC MATTERORGANIC WASTESOXIDATIONOXYGENOXYGEN DEMANDPATHOGENSPERCOLATIONPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPHPIPED SEWERAGE SYSTEMSPIPED WATERPIPELINESPIPINGPITSPMPOLLUTIONPONDPOND SYSTEMSPOPULATION DENSITYPOWER CONSUMPTIONPRETREATMENTPROJECT MANAGEMENTPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC SANITATIONPUBLIC SANITATION FACILITIESPUBLIC SEWER SYSTEMPUBLIC UTILITIESPUBLIC WORKSPUMPINGPUMPING STATIONSQUALITY OF WASTEWATERRAINWATERRAPID URBANIZATIONRECEIVING WATERSREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRESOURCE RECOVERYRIVER BASINSRUNOFFRURAL WATER SUPPLYSAFE DISPOSALSANITATIONSANITATION COVERAGESANITATION DEVELOPMENTSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION FACILITYSANITATION INFRASTRUCTURESANITATION MANAGEMENTSANITATION POLICIESSANITATION POLICYSANITATION PROBLEMSSANITATION PROGRAMSANITATION PROGRAMSSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SERVICESANITATION SERVICESSANITATION SYSTEMSSEPARATE SEWERAGESEPTIC TANKSEPTIC TANK EFFLUENTSEPTIC TANK SYSTEMSSEPTIC TANKSSERVICE PROVIDERSSEWAGESEWAGE COLLECTIONSEWAGE SLUDGESEWAGE TREATMENTSEWERAGESEWERAGE CONNECTIONSSEWERAGE NETWORKSEWERAGE SERVICESEWERAGE SERVICESSEWERAGE SYSTEMSEWERAGE SYSTEMSSLUDGE DISPOSALSLUDGE DRYINGSLUDGE DRYING BEDSSLUDGE TREATMENT SYSTEMSSOILSSOLID WASTESOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSTABILIZATIONSTABILIZATION PONDSSUSPENDED SOLIDSTARIFF REFORMTARIFF SETTINGTINTOILETSTOWNSTREATED WASTEWATERTREATMENT PLANTTRICKLING FILTERSTRUNK SEWERSURBAN AREAURBAN AREASURBAN COMMUNITYURBAN DRAINAGEURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN SANITATIONURBAN SANITATION PROBLEMSURBAN SEWERAGEURBAN WASTEWATERURBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENTUSERSVOLUMES OF WASTEWATERWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTEWATERWASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICSWASTEWATER COLLECTIONWASTEWATER DISCHARGEWASTEWATER ENTERPRISESWASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTUREWASTEWATER MANAGEMENTWASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSWASTEWATER REGULATIONSWASTEWATER SECTORWASTEWATER SERVICESWASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDSWASTEWATER SYSTEMWASTEWATER SYSTEMSWASTEWATER TARIFFWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIESWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTSWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMSWASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIESWASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGYWASTEWATERSWATER QUALITYWATER RESOURCEWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTWATER RESOURCESWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTWATER SUPPLYWATER TARIFFSWATER USE10.1596/17367