World Bank2012-12-062012-12-062012-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11913This study is a joint effort of the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Chinese experts, and the World Bank to inform the policy-making process in line with the government of China s medium- and long-term objectives. Specifically the study aims to assist MEP, provincial governments, and municipalities by: (1) Proposing a national PM10 compliance plan to help non-compliant cities attain grade II - preferably by 2015 or in certain cases by 2020 at the latest - and already compliant cities to further reduce PM concentrations. The plan would include (a) policies and regulations and associated physical interventions/measures; (b) geographical scope; (c) sequencing of interventions; and (d) feasible environmental investments likely to have high benefit/cost ratios. (2) recommending a PM2.5 monitoring system and related data applications.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENT OPTIONSACIDACID RAINACIDSAEROSOLSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAIRAIR MOVEMENTSAIR POLLUTANTAIR POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONSAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION ABATEMENTAIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONSAIR POLLUTION CONTROLAIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENTAIR POLLUTION REDUCTIONAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY CONTROLAIR QUALITY GUIDELINESAIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTSAIR QUALITY MANAGEMENTALUMINUMAMBIENT AIRAMBIENT AIR POLLUTIONAMBIENT AIR QUALITYAMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDSAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONSAMMONIAAMMONIUMAMMONIUM NITRATEAMMONIUM SULFATEAPPROACHARSENICATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTSATMOSPHERIC POLLUTIONAUTOMOBILESBALANCEBIOMASSBIOMASS BURNINGBLACK CARBONBOILERBOILERSBRIQUETTESCALCIUMCANCERCARBONCARBON MONOXIDECARRIERSCATALYTIC REDUCTIONCEMENTCEMENT PRODUCTIONCHEMICAL COMPOSITIONCLEAN COALCLEAN ENERGYCLEANER TECHNOLOGIESCLEANER TECHNOLOGYCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATESCLIMATIC CONDITIONSCOCOAGULATIONCOALCOAL COMBUSTIONCOAL CONSUMPTIONCOGENERATIONCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION TEMPERATURESCONCENTRATION DATACONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTSCONDENSATIONCOPPERCOST EFFECTIVENESSCOST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSISCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCROP RESIDUESDESULFURIZATIONDIFFUSIONDISTRICT HEATINGELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORELEVATED LEVELSEMISSIONEMISSION CHARACTERISTICSEMISSION CONTROLEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION STANDARDEMISSION STANDARDSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM PRODUCTIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSENERGY STRUCTUREENERGY USAGEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESESPEUTROPHICATIONEXISTING SOURCEFINE PARTICLESFINE PARTICULATESFISHERIESFLUE GASFLUE GAS DESULFURIZATIONFORESTFOREST FIRESFORESTRYFOSSIL FUELFUELSGASGASEOUS POLLUTANTSGENERATIONGHGGREEN HOUSE GASGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHAZEHEALTH PROBLEMSHEATHEAT GENERATIONHEAVY INDUSTRYHEAVY METALSHUMAN HEALTHHYDROCARBONSINCINERATIONINDUSTRIAL BOILERSINDUSTRIAL POLLUTIONINSPECTIONIRONLOW-SULFURMETALSMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONSMONITORING EQUIPMENTMONITORING TECHNOLOGYMOTOR VEHICLEMOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONSMOTOR VEHICLESNATURAL GASNATURAL GAS USENH3NITRATENITRATESNITRIC ACIDNITROGENNITROGEN DIOXIDENITROGEN OXIDENITROGEN OXIDESNO2NOISENOISE POLLUTIONNOXORGANIC CHEMICALSORGANIC COMPOUNDORGANIC MATTERORGANIC POLLUTANTSOZONEPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPARTICULATE POLLUTIONPARTICULATESPHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONPHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONSPM10POLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLLUTANTPOLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONSPOLLUTANT EMISSIONPOLLUTION CHARGESPOLLUTION CONTROL POLICIESPOLLUTION LEVELSPOLLUTION PREVENTIONPOLLUTION PROBLEMSPOLLUTION REDUCTIONPOPULATION DENSITYPOTASSIUMPOWERPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANTSPOWER SECTORPOWER SOURCESPRICE SUBSIDIESPROCESS HEATPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC SECURITYPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONRADIATIVE FORCINGREDUCING EMISSIONSREFLECTANCEROADROADSSILICONSMOKESO2SOURCE OF POLLUTIONSPATIAL PATTERNSSULFATESSULFURSULFUR DIOXIDESULFURIC ACIDSULPHATESULPHURSULPHUR DIOXIDESUSPENDED DUSTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTHERMAL PLANTSTRACERSTRAFFICTRANSPORTTURBULENCEURBAN AIRURBAN AIR POLLUTIONURBAN AIR QUALITYURBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENTURBAN AREASURBAN DEVELOPMENTVANADIUMVEGETATIVE COVERVEHICLEVEHICLE EMISSIONSVEHICLE POPULATIONVISUAL ENVIRONMENTSVOCVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSZINCWorld Bank10.1596/11913