Dudwick, NoraFock, KarinSedik, David2012-05-302012-05-3020070-8213-7088-Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6685This paper presents such a stocktaking of land reform and farm restructuring in four countries (Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, and Moldova) that have had particular difficulties with land reform, farm restructuring, farm performance, or rural poverty. It is organized by case studies, each of which is designed to analyze a central conundrum about land reform and farm restructuring in an individual country. Much of the information presented in this review derives from farm and household surveys conducted in each of the four countries during 2003 and 2004. The surveys were designed to provide information that would be comparable across countries. Surveys were supplemented by individual and focus group discussions.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONAGRARIAN REFORMSAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTURAL PRICESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTURAL YIELDSAID AGENCIESALLOCATION OF LANDBUDGET CONSTRAINTSCOLLECTIVE FARMSCOMMERCIAL FARMERSCOMMUNITY LIFECONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCOUNTERFACTUALCREDIT PROGRAMSCROP PRODUCTIONCROP YIELDSCROPSCULTIVATED LANDDEBTDECENTRALIZATIONDISTRIBUTION OF INCOMEDISTRIBUTION OF LANDDISTRIBUTIVE LANDDISTRIBUTIVE LAND REFORMDRINKING WATERDROUGHTEGALITARIAN DISTRIBUTIONEMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTUREEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEQUIPMENTEXTENSIONFAMILY FARMSFARM EFFICIENCYFARM HOUSEHOLDSFARM PRODUCTIONFARM WORKERSFARMERSFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFOOD PROCESSINGFOOD SAFETYGENDERGOVERNMENT REFORMHOUSEHOLD BUDGETHOUSEHOLD HEADSHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSINCOMEINCOME GROWTHINFLATIONINFLATION RATESLABOR POWERLAND DISTRIBUTIONLAND OWNERSHIPLAND REDISTRIBUTIONLAND REFORMLAND REFORMSLAND TITLESLEGISLATIONLIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONLOCAL GOVERNMENTMARKETINGMORAL HAZARDNONFARM INCOMEOILPENSIONSPOORPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR ENVIRONMENTPOPULATIONPOVERTY RATESPRIVATE OWNERSHIPPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTIVITYPROFITABILITYPUBLIC SERVICESRETIREMENTRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL EMPLOYMENTRURAL FARMERRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INCOMERURAL INCOMESRURAL INHABITANTSRURAL PEOPLERURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYRURAL PUBLICRURAL REALITIESRURAL RESIDENTSRURAL SECTORRURAL SERVICERURAL SERVICE PROVISIONRURAL SERVICESRURAL UNEMPLOYMENTSMALL FARMSSMALL-SCALE FARMINGSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSUBSIDIARYTRUST FUNDSUNEMPLOYMENTWAGE EMPLOYMENTWAGESWELFARE BENEFITSWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7088-9