Somanathan, Aparnaa2012-05-302012-05-302008-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6682Financial barriers to seeking care are frequently cited as one of the main causes of underutilization of child health care services. This paper estimates the impact of Indonesia's healthcard on health care use by children. Evaluation of the healthcard effect is complicated by the fact that card allocation was non-random. The analysis uses propensity score matching to control for systematic differences between treatment and control groups. A second potential source of bias is related to contemporaneous, exogenous influences on health care use unrelated to the healthcard itself. Using panel data collected prior to and after the introduction of the healthcard, a difference-in-differences estimator is constructed to eliminate the effects of exogenous changes over time. The author finds that although health care use declined for all children during the crisis years of 1997-2000, use of public sector outpatient services declined much less for children with healthcards. The protective effect of the healthcard on public sector use was concentrated among children aged 0-5 years. The healthcard had no significant impact on use of private sector services. The results highlight the need to provide adequate protection against the financial burden of health care costs, particularly during economic crises.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH CAREAGE GROUPSBASIC HEALTH SERVICESCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCARE FOR CHILDRENCATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURECHILD HEALTHCHILD HEALTH CARECHILD HEALTH SERVICESCOMMUNITIESCONTRACEPTIVESCULTURAL CHANGEDEBTDEMAND FOR HEALTHDEMAND FOR HEALTH CAREDEMAND FOR HEALTH SERVICESDESCRIPTIONDETERMINANTS OF HEALTHDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISTRICTSDRINKING WATERDRUGSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC REVIEWECONOMIC STATUSECONOMICS OF HEALTHEQUITY IN ACCESSFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY PLANNINGFAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMFAMILY RESOURCESFEMALEFEMALESFINANCIAL BARRIERSGENDERGENDER DIFFERENCESHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE COSTSHEALTH CARE DEMANDHEALTH CARE FINANCINGHEALTH CARE PROVIDERSHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH CARE USEHEALTH CARE UTILIZATIONHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH CENTREHEALTH ECONOMICSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROVIDERSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATIONHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH STRATEGYHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHOSPITALHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLD BUDGETSHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTILLNESSIMPACT ON HEALTHINCOMEINCOME ELASTICITIESINCOME ELASTICITIES OF DEMANDINCOME GROUPSINFANTINPATIENT CAREINSURANCEINSURANCE COVERAGEINSURANCE SCHEMESINTERVENTIONINTERVENTIONSJOB TRAININGLABOUR MARKETLACK OF INFORMATIONLACK OF KNOWLEDGELIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL HEALTH CENTERSLOW INCOMEMATERNAL HEALTHMEDICAIDMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL CARE DEMANDMEDICAL CARE FOR THE POORMEDICAL SERVICESMEDICAL STAFFMEDICINESMIDWIFEMIDWIVESMODERN CONTRACEPTIONMODERN CONTRACEPTIVE METHODSMODERN HEALTH CAREMORTALITYNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNINGNEIGHBORHOODNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUTRITIONOUTPATIENT CAREOUTPATIENT SERVICESPACIFIC REGIONPATIENTSPHARMACIESPHARMACISTSPHARMACYPILLPOCKET PAYMENTSPOCKET PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CAREPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOOR FAMILIESPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR QUALITY CAREPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPRE-NATAL CAREPRICE ELASTICITIESPRICE ELASTICITYPRIMARY CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICESPRIMARY HEALTH SERVICESPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLINGPRIVATE CAREPRIVATE HEALTH CARE SERVICESPRIVATE HEALTH SERVICESPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTORSPROBABILITYPROGRESSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH CAREPUBLIC PROVIDERSPUBLIC SECTORPURCHASING POWERQUALITY OF SERVICESRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESPECTRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITYSAFETYSAFETY NETSCHOOL HEALTHSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVIDERSSEXSHOPSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIOECONOMIC STATUSTVUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AREAURBAN AREASURBAN COMMUNITYUSE OF HEALTH SERVICESUSE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICESUSER FEESVACCINATIONVILLAGESVULNERABLE GROUPSYOUNG CHILDRENWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4622