Bastos, PauloBottan, Nicolas L.Cristia, Julian2016-03-092016-03-092016-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/23893Evidence on the impacts of a large-scale expansion in pre-primary education is limited and mostly circumscribed to high- and middle-income nations. This study estimates the effects of such an expansion on progression in primary school in rural communities in Guatemala, where the number of pre-primary schools increased from about 5,300 to 11,500 between 1998 and 2005. Combining administrative and population census data in a difference-in-differences framework, the analysis finds that access to pre-primary education increased by 2.4 percentage points the proportion of students that progress adequately and attend sixth grade by age 12. These positive although limited effects suggest the need for complementary actions to produce substantial improvements in adequate progression.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOSKILLSEARLY EDUCATIONACCESS TO PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONCOMMUNITIESPUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLSBASIC EDUCATIONFORMAL EDUCATIONSCHOOL READINESSTEACHERSBARRIERILLITERACYSCHOOLINGSCHOOL DROPOUTTUITIONEARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTENROLLMENTBIASSCHOOL ENROLLMENTANECDOTAL EVIDENCEGROUPSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESHIGH SCHOOLEXCLUSIONHIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER ENROLLMENTPOLICY DISCUSSIONSACCESS TO PRESCHOOLRE-ENTRYEDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTLIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTHEARLY GRADESADULTSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYBIASESEARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTIONSEDUCATION FOR ALLPOPULATION CENSUSNERPRIMARY SCHOOL OUTCOMESHIGH RATES OF REPETITIONQUALITY OF EDUCATIONCHILDHOOD EDUCATIONHEAD STARTTRAININGPRIMARY SCHOOL REPETITIONEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTPRIMARY ENROLLMENTSCHOOL CONSTRUCTIONLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTASSESSMENT PROGRAMCHILD DEVELOPMENTPARENTAL EDUCATIONEDUCATION FOR WOMENPRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTSLEARNINGACCESSINSTRUCTION METHODSSCHOOL STUDENTSPRIMARY SCHOOLEDUCATIONAL CENTERSCOGNITIVE OUTCOMESGROSS ENROLLMENTSCHOOL-AGEKINDERGARTENPROGRESSPRIMARY SCHOOLSENROLLMENT BY GRADESCHOOL SIZESCHOOL YEARACCESS TO DATAKINDERGARTENSPRIMARY SCHOOL ACCESSRURAL COMMUNITIESTRANSPORTATIONCHILDREN WITHOUT ACCESSENROLLMENT RATESBARRIERSSCHOOLSPRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATESPARTICIPATIONPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERGENDERENROLLMENT RATEQUALITY OF INSTRUCTIONPRIMARY SCHOOL PERFORMANCEPREPRIMARY EDUCATIONEDUCATIONAL QUALITYEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONEARLY CHILDHOODDISADVANTAGED GROUPSPRESCHOOL EDUCATIONMALNUTRITIONELEMENTARY SCHOOLPOLICYTEACHERCHILDRENGENDERSEDUCATIONSCHOOL PERFORMANCEEARLY INTERVENTIONINVESTMENTMATERNAL EDUCATIONRURAL AREASSCHOOL COVERAGEINSTRUCTIONCHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTPOPULATIONLABOR SUPPLYPUBLIC SCHOOLSGIRLSSTUDENTSHIGHER GRADEINTERVENTIONSPOLICY RESEARCHNUMBER OF STUDENTSCOMMUNITYPRIMARY EDUCATIONWOMENREPETITION RATESCLASSROOMSCHOOLSAFETYPRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTSECONDARY EDUCATIONATTENDANCE RATEHIGHER GRADESPEACEDEVELOPMENT POLICYWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-7574