World Bank2014-04-212014-04-212006-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17935This paper provides an institutional record of the implementation experiences of all the four World Bank-assisted National Emergency Employment Program (NEEP)/National Rural Access Program (NRAP) projects and evaluates the impact on community members of the improved rural access that the projects have provided. It is based on desk reviews of project documentation, supervision mission notes, field visits to communities in rural areas, and detailed discussions with project team members and staff involved in implementation based in Afghanistan. Chapter two describes the program's evolving objectives, structure, and implementation arrangements. Chapter three evaluates NEEP's record in providing a social safety net, and chapter four describes the arrangements for community participation in program decision making and the perceptions of community members about the program's benefits. Chapter five describes the Reintegration and Alternative Livelihoods Program (NEEP-RAL), which has a similar theme to those of the other NEEP projects, but different dynamics and implementation arrangements from them. Chapter six reviews key findings and lessons learned, and finally, chapter seven concludes.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO HEALTH FACILITIESACCESS TO MARKETSACCESSIBILITYAIRPORTALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODSALTERNATIVE ROUTESBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBENEFICIARIESBETTER ACCESS TO MARKETSBRIDGEBUSESCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPACITY CONSTRAINTSCAPACITY-BUILDINGCASH BENEFITCASH-FOR-WORKCENTRAL REGIONCHRONICALLY POORCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY MANAGEMENTCOMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY RESOURCESCONFLICTCONSUMPTION SMOOTHINGCULTIVATION OF OPIUMCULVERTSDONOR SUPPORTDRAINAGEDRIVINGDROUGHTECONOMIC GROWTHEMERGENCY ASSISTANCEEMERGENCY EMPLOYMENTEMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT GENERATIONEMERGENCY RELIEFEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMEXTERNAL SHOCKSFARMERSFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFLAT RATEFOOD-FOR-WORKHEALTH SERVICESHIGHWAYHIGHWAYSHOUSEHOLD POVERTYHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCEINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOMEINCOME TRANSFERINCOME TRANSFERSINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSURANCEIRRIGATIONJOB TRAININGLABOR STANDARDSLABOR SUPPLYLABOR-INTENSIVE WORKSLAND PRICESLIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIESLIVELIHOOD PROTECTIONMARKET WAGEMEANS TESTINGMICRO-FINANCEMINIMUM WAGEMOBILITYMOTOR VEHICLESNEAR POVERTYNEEDS ASSESSMENTSOPIUMOPIUM POPPYPOLICEPOORPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOPPY CULTIVATIONPOST-CONFLICT COUNTRIESPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMSPROTECTION MECHANISMSPROTECTION SYSTEMSPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC WORKSPUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMSREDUCTION IN POVERTYREGIONAL DIFFERENCESREGIONAL PROJECTREGIONAL VARIATIONSRESOURCE ALLOCATIONROAD CONSTRUCTIONROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD PROJECTSROAD REHABILITATIONROUTERURALRURAL ACCESSRURAL AFGHANSRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL GROWTHRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTRURAL PEOPLERURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYRURAL REHABILITATIONRURAL ROADRURAL ROADSRURAL VULNERABILITYSAFETYSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSAVINGSSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL SUPPLIESSHORT-TERM EMPLOYMENTSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SERVICESSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTARGETINGTARGETING MECHANISMSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETRAFFICTRAFFIC FLOWSTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRAVEL TIMETRUEUNEMPLOYMENTUNSKILLED LABORVEHICLESVOCATIONAL TRAININGVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE PEOPLEVULNERABLE REGIONSWAGE EMPLOYMENTWAGE RATEWAGE RATESWARWATER SUPPLYWEALTHWELFARE MEASURESWINTER MONTHSWORK PROGRAMSWORKING CONDITIONSWORKS PROGRAMWORKS PROJECT10.1596/17935