Denizer, CevdetDethier, Jean-JacquesGelb, Alan2012-03-192012-03-192011-01-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3443Prevailing economic ideas -- and fashions -- about development have influenced the International Development Association (IDA) since its creation in 1960. The creation of the organization itself is the result of two contemporaneous facts: an urgent need to channel development finance to least-developed countries and an increasing pressure on World Bank management to directly address the issue of poverty in developing countries. Changing views, over time, have been a rationale -- and, at times, a justification -- for emphasizing poverty and social sectors; for providing grants to particular groups of countries; and for strategic choices and sectoral priorities. IDA has been influential in development debates and been an advocate for specific views about development policy. This paper gives an overview of these views and documents how they have shaped the activities of the organization since its creation. After a brief review of development thinking and of the organization of research at the World Bank, the paper documents the shifts that have taken place in country allocations and in sector emphasis in IDA over the past 50 years and highlights the strategic themes that have guided its development agenda: toward increasing country selectivity; from projects to programs; from conditionality to country ownership of reforms; and from input-based to results-based performance.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGADJUSTMENT LENDINGAGGREGATE INCOMEAGRICULTURAL EXPORTSAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL PRICINGAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTUREAVERAGE GROWTHBASIC EDUCATIONBONDSCAPITAL ACCUMULATIONCAPITAL FLOWSCAPITAL GOODSCAPITAL REQUIREMENTSCARTELCENTRAL PLANNINGCLOSED ECONOMIESCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMERCIAL BORROWINGCOMPARATIVE ANALYSISCONDITIONALITYCONSOLIDATIONCOUNTRY DATACOUNTRY REGRESSIONSCOUNTRY SPECIFICITYCREDIT CONSTRAINTSDEBTDEFICITSDEREGULATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPING WORLDDEVELOPMENT AGENCYDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT REPORTDEVELOPMENT RESEARCHDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISTRIBUTION OF INCOMEDOMESTIC SAVINGSECONOMETRIC MODELSECONOMETRICSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC DECLINEECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSECONOMIC INCENTIVESECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC JUSTIFICATIONECONOMIC LITERATUREECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC POWERECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMICS PROFESSIONECONOMICS RESEARCHECONOMIES OF SCALEECONOMISTSEDUCATED PEOPLEELASTICITYEMERGING MARKETSEMISSIONSEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPIRICAL WORKENGINEERING ECONOMICSENVIRONMENTSEQUILIBRIUM MODELSEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATE POLICYEXCHANGE RATESEXPENDITURESEXPORTSEXTERNAL SHOCKSEXTERNALITIESEXTERNALITYFEASIBILITY STUDIESFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL POLICIESFINANCIAL RESTRUCTURINGFISCAL POLICIESFOREIGN EXCHANGEGDPGDP PER CAPITAGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTGROWTH MODELSGROWTH PROCESSGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESGROWTH THEORIESHEALTH CAREHIGH GROWTHHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMPORT BARRIERSINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROWTHINCREASING RETURNSINDUSTRIAL SECTORINDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIESINEFFICIENCYINFLATIONINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTINSURANCEINTEREST RATEINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL AGENCIESINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT RATELABOR FORCELESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIESLIVING STANDARDSLONG RUNLONG-RUN GROWTHLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMACRO STABILITYMACROECONOMIC CONDITIONSMACROECONOMIC INSTABILITYMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENTMACROECONOMIC POLICIESMARKET FAILURESMARKET LIBERALIZATIONMICRO DATAMIGRATIONMONETARY POLICIESNATIONAL INCOMENEW GROWTH THEORIESOILOIL PRICESOPECOUTPUT PER CAPITAOVERVALUATIONPOLICY ANALYSISPOLICY CHANGEPOLICY CHANGESPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY PACKAGESPOLICY REFORMSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL STABILITYPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR PEOPLEPOOR POLICIESPOPULATION GROWTHPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIMARY PRODUCTSPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCERSPRODUCTION EFFICIENCYPRODUCTION FUNCTIONPRODUCTIVE ASSETSPRODUCTIVE RESOURCESPRODUCTIVITYPROPERTY RIGHTSPROTECTIONISMPUBLIC ENTERPRISESPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC PROVISIONPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC WORKSPURCHASING POWERREAL INCOMERELATIVE PRICESREORGANIZATIONRESEARCH AGENDARESOURCE MOBILIZATIONRETURN ON EQUITYRETURNS TO SCALERICH COUNTRIESRURAL AREASRURAL POORSAFETY NETSAVING RATESAVINGSSOCIAL COSTSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SERVICESSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENTSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMSSTRUCTURAL CHANGESTRUCTURAL POLICIESSUPPLY CURVESTARIFF BARRIERSTECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESSTELECOMMUNICATIONSTERMS OF TRADETRADE BARRIERSTRADE BLOCSTRADE FLOWSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICYTRANSITION COUNTRIESTRANSPORTUNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIESUNEMPLOYMENTUNSKILLED LABORURBAN POORURBANIZATIONVALUE ADDEDWATER SUPPLYWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5541