International Finance Corporation2015-04-142015-04-142011https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21743Mobile money (m-money) refers to the use of mobile phones to perform financial and banking functions. However, the technology is far ahead of the infrastructure of financial and technical network service providers needed for an m-money system to function. This study was undertaken to increase the understanding of m-money and to address key issues in scaling up development of m-money services globally. It examines the potential demand for m-money, national regulatory environments, major obstacles, and the requirements of potential service providers and networks to run m-money services as viable businesses. Four countries - Brazil, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, and Thailand - each of which represents a different world region, socioeconomic situation, and financial sector context, were included in the study. The countries were analyzed in terms of m-money business models, money flows and demand, potential user perceptions and behavior, regulations, and agent networks. In each country, an m-money service provider acted as a partner institution. To place these four countries in the wider context of m-money developments, three case studies - Japan, Kenya, and the United States were also examined. The size of potential opportunities for m-money were quantified through demand estimates and compared with estimates in the three reference countries. Chapter one provides an introduction to the study's objectives and context, and explains the definition and positioning of m-money used in this report. Chapter two presents case studies of the prominent m-money countries Kenya and Japan, as well as the United States. Chapter three presents an overview of the four country study findings and analysis. Chapter four describes the m-money business models adopted in each country and the challenges that each country faces. Chapter five concludes by placing each country along an m-money demand curve and explains the impact of this placement on the development of an opportunity for m-money.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOACCOUNT BALANCESADVERTISEMENTSATMAUCTIONB2BBANK ACCOUNTBANK ACCOUNTSBANK SERVICESBANK TRANSACTIONSBANKING SYSTEMBILL PAYMENTBILL PAYMENTSBUSBUSESBUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBUSINESS MODELBUSINESS MODELSBUSINESS STRATEGIESBUSINESS TO BUSINESSBUSINESS-TO-BUSINESSBUSINESSESCAPABILITIESCAPABILITYCARD READERCARRIERSCASHLESS SOCIETYCELL PHONESCENTRAL BANKCHECKING ACCOUNTSCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMODITYCOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGYCOMMUTER TRANSITCOMMUTERSCOMPETITIVENESSCONSUMERSCONVENIENT PAYMENTCOST-BENEFITCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCREDIT CARDCREDIT CARD COMPANIESCREDIT CARD COMPANYCREDIT CARDSCREDIT INFORMATIONCUSTOMER DEMANDCUSTOMER LOYALTYDATA SERVICEDATA SERVICESDEBIT CARDDEBIT CARDSDEMAND ANALYSISDEMAND CURVEDEMAND CURVESDEVELOPMENT AGENCYDIRECT DEBITDISTRIBUTION NETWORKDRIVERSDRIVINGE-MAILE-MAILSE-MONEYE-PAYMENTE-WALLETEARLY ADOPTERSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIES OF SCALEELECTRICITYELECTRONIC FORMSELECTRONIC MONEYELECTRONIC PAYMENTELECTRONIC PAYMENTSELECTRONIC WALLETEQUIPMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESFEDERAL RESERVE BANKFINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTUREFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL SERVICEFINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SYSTEMFORMS OF PAYMENTFUND TRANSFERFUND TRANSFERSFUNDS TRANSFERGDPGDP PER CAPITAGLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMGOVERNMENT REGULATIONSGPSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH RATEHIGHWAYHIGHWAY TOLLSICTIDENTIFICATION NUMBERIDENTITY MODULEIMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIESINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURESINNOVATIONINSTITUTIONINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATIONINTERNATIONAL LAWINTERNET ACCESSINTEROPERABILITYJOINT VENTURELEGAL STATUSLICENSELICENSE FEESLICENSESLONG-DISTANCEMARKET OPPORTUNITYMARKET POTENTIALMARKET SEGMENTMARKET SEGMENTSMARKET SHAREMARKET SHARESMARKETINGMARKETING STRATEGYMASS MARKETMASS TRANSITMATERIALMEDIUM ENTERPRISESMEMORY CHIPMESSAGING SERVICESMOBILE APPLICATIONMOBILE BANKMOBILE BANKINGMOBILE COMMUNICATIONSMOBILE NETWORKMOBILE PHONEMOBILE PHONE ACCESSMOBILE PHONESMOBILE SERVICEMONEY MARKETMONEY MARKETSMONEY TRANSFERMONEY TRANSFERSMULTIMEDIAMULTIPLE ACCESSNETWORK SECURITYNETWORK SERVICENETWORKSNEW MARKETNEW TECHNOLOGIESNICHE MARKETONLINE BANKINGPACKET RADIOPACKET RADIO SERVICEPASSENGER TRIPSPAYMENT CARDPAYMENT CARDSPAYMENT FUNCTIONSPAYMENT INFRASTRUCTUREPAYMENT INSTRUMENTPAYMENT INSTRUMENTSPAYMENT MECHANISMPAYMENT MECHANISMSPAYMENT METHODSPAYMENT PLATFORMPAYMENT SERVICEPAYMENT SERVICESPAYMENT TRANSACTIONSPERSONAL BANK ACCOUNTPERSONAL IDENTIFICATIONPERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBERPOINT OF SALEPOPULATION DENSITYPRIVATE RAILWAYSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE VEHICLEPROJECT MANAGEMENTPUBLIC TRANSITPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT TRIPSQUERIESRAILWAYRAPID TRANSITREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTSRELIABILITYRESULTRETAIL LOCATIONRETAIL PAYMENTSROADSATELLITESAVINGSSAVINGS ACCOUNTSAVINGS ACCOUNTSSEARCHSEARCH ENGINESECURITIESSERVICE PROVIDERSERVICE PROVIDERSSTAKEHOLDERSSTORAGE DEVICESUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULESUPERMARKETSSUPPLY CHAINTECHNICAL COOPERATIONTECHNOLOGICAL SOPHISTICATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONETRADITIONAL BANKSTRADITIONAL PAYMENTTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION VOLUMETRANSFER OF FUNDSTRANSIT TRIPTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORTATIONTRIPSUNDERDEVELOPED FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTUREUSERUSER BEHAVIORUSERSVALUE CHAINVIDEOWEBWEB SITEWIRELESS APPLICATIONWIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOLWorking PaperInternational Finance Corporation10.1596/21743