Kessides, Ioannis N.Benjamin, Nancy C.2014-09-022014-09-022012-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19934The East African Community has long recognized that regional economic integration can yield significant welfare gains to its member states. To that end, the community has been making steady progress towards the removal of tariffs and quantitative restrictions to trade. Moreover, in recent years, there has been an increasing recognition that: (a) even greater welfare gains could be realized through deeper forms of regional integration which entail harmonization of legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks; and (b) reforms that reduce cross-border transaction costs and improve the performance of "backbone" infrastructure services are arguably even more important for the creation of an open, unified regional economic space than trade policy reforms narrowly defined. Disparities of regulatory treatment across borders can introduce distortions that hinder both cross-border trade and the aggregate flows of investment on a regional basis. Regulatory harmonization and infrastructure regionalization could make a significant contribution to the region's economic development by promoting a more efficient utilization of its human and physical resources, enhancing connectivity, reducing the costs of trade, and facilitating the integration of the continent with the global economy.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCESSIBILITYAIRPORTSAIRWAYSAVERAGE SPEEDSBORDER CROSSINGSBORDER INFRASTRUCTUREBOTTLENECKSBRIDGECAPACITY BUILDINGCAPACITY CONSTRAINTSCASH FLOWCOMMON MARKETCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVE MARKETSCOMPETITIVE PRESSURESCONGESTIONCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCROSS-BORDER TRADECURRENCY BOARDCUSTOMSCUSTOMS CLEARANCECUSTOMS PROCEDURESCUSTOMS UNIONDERAILMENTSDEVELOPING REGIONSDOMESTIC INDUSTRIESDRIVERSDRIVINGECONOMIC COMMUNITYECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC LIBERALIZATIONECONOMIES OF SCALEEFFICIENT TRANSPORTATIONEXTERNALITIESFINANCIAL BURDENSFINANCIAL SERVICESFIXED COSTSFLOW OF TRAFFICFLOWS OF INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTORSFORMAL TRADEFREE FLOWFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AGREEMENTFREIGHTFREIGHT COSTSGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL INTEGRATIONGROSS VEHICLE WEIGHTHARMONIZATIONHEAVY RELIANCEHIGHWAYHIGHWAYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREIMPORT SUBSTITUTIONIMPORT SUBSTITUTION POLICIESINCOME DIFFERENCESINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCREASING COMPETITIONINFRASTRUCTURE COSTSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE POLICIESINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINFRASTRUCTURE REFORMINFRASTRUCTURESINLAND WATERWAYINLAND WATERWAYSINSPECTIONINTERMEDIATE INPUTSINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL PORTSINTRA-REGIONAL TRADEINTRAREGIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT CODESLAND MANAGEMENTLANDLOCKED COUNTRIESLIBERAL POLICIESLOCAL MARKETSLOCOMOTIVELONG-DISTANCEMARKET INTEGRATIONMARKET LIBERALIZATIONMARKET OPENINGMARKET SIZEMEMBER STATESMOBILITYMONETARY COMMUNITYMONETARY UNIONMULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONSNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURENATIONAL REGULATIONSNATIONAL SOVEREIGNTYNEIGHBORING COUNTRIESNETWORK EXTERNALITIESPOLICEPOLICY HARMONIZATIONPOLICY REFORMPOLICY REFORMSPOLITICAL INTEGRATIONPOOR COUNTRIESPOVERTY LEVELSPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTION NETWORKSPUBLIC INTERESTRAILRAIL CONNECTIONSRAIL NETWORKRAIL NETWORKSRAIL SYSTEMSRAIL TRACKRAIL TRANSPORTRAILWAYRAILWAYSREGIONAL AGREEMENTSREGIONAL BACKBONEREGIONAL BASISREGIONAL BUSINESSREGIONAL CONNECTIVITYREGIONAL COOPERATIONREGIONAL DIMENSIONREGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONREGIONAL ECONOMYREGIONAL FACTORREGIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREREGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTREGIONAL INSTITUTIONSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL INTEGRATION ARRANGEMENTSREGIONAL INTEGRATION INITIATIVESREGIONAL LEVELREGIONAL LEVELSREGIONAL LINKSREGIONAL MARKETSREGIONAL MASTER PLANSREGIONAL NETWORKREGIONAL NETWORKSREGIONAL ORGANIZATIONSREGIONAL POLICIESREGIONAL POLICYREGIONAL PORTSREGIONAL PRIORITIESREGIONAL PROGRAMSREGIONAL RAILREGIONAL REGULATORY AUTHORITIESREGIONAL RESOURCESREGIONAL ROADREGIONAL ROAD NETWORKREGIONAL ROADSREGIONAL STRATEGIESREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTSREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TREATIESREGIONALISMREGIONALIZATIONREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTSREGULATORY REFORMREGULATORY REGIMESROADROAD CAPACITYROAD CONDITIONSROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD NETWORKROAD SECTORROADSROLLING STOCKROUTESAFEGUARDSSAFETYSERVICE RELIABILITYSUB-REGIONSTECHNICAL CHANGETRADE EXPANSIONTRADE PERFORMANCETRADE POLICYTRAFFICTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSITTRANSIT AUTHORITIESTRANSITION ECONOMIESTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT ALTERNATIVESTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT FACILITATIONTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT NETWORKTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT STRATEGYTRANSPORT SYSTEMTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORTATION SERVICESTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMSTRUCKSTRUETUNNELSVEHICLEWELFARE IMPLICATIONSWORLD ECONOMYWORLD TRADE10.1596/1813-9450-6113