Report No. 46449-MG Madagascar Back to the Future on the road to sustained and balanced growth Country Economic Memorandum (In Two Volumes) Volume II: Annexes December 2008 PREM 1 Africa Region Document of the World Bank COCPO Oil, Gas and Mining Policy Division, World Bank CODEX Food Norms defined by the FAO and the WHO COMESA Common Market for Southern and Eastern Africa CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CREAM Center for Research, Study and Support to Economic Analysis or Centre de Recherche, d'Etude et d'Appui à l'Analyse Economique CRIF Land Titling Resource and Information Center or Centre de Ressources et d'Informations Foncières CSI Committee for Integrity Safeguard or Comité pour la Sauvegarde de l'Intégrité CSLCC High Council for the Fight against Corruption or Conseil Supérieur pour la Lutte Contre la Corruption CT Labor Laws or Code du Travail CYCI Commonwealth Youth Credit Initiative DAU Single Administrative Document or Document Administratif Unique CEO Chief Executive Officer or Directeur Général - DG DGD Customs Directorate General or Direction Générale des Douanes DGI Tax Directorate General or Direction Générale des Impôts DT Dwell Time DVS Value and Selectivity Division or Division Valeur et Sélectivité EDBM Economic Development Board of Madagascar EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative EPIN CPIA, Country Policy and Institutional Assessment EPZ Export Processing Zone EVP Twenty Feet Equivalent or Equivalent Vingt Pieds FENU United Nations Equipment Funds or Fond d'Equipement des Nations Unies FER Road Maintenance Funds or Fonds d'Entretien Routier FHORM Hotel and Restaurant Federation of Madagascar or Fédération des Hôtels et Restaurants de Madagascar FIAS Foreign Investment Climate Advisory Service FIATA International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations or Fédération Internationale des Associations de Transitaires et Assimilés FID Intervention Funds for Development or Fonds d'Investissement pour le Développement FIDA International Agricultural Development Funds or Fonds International de Développement Agricole IMF International Monetary Fund FOB Free on Board FONDEF Technical Learning and Vocational Training Development Funds or Fonds de Développement de l'Enseignement Technique et de la Formation Professionnelle FPC Continous Professional Training or Formation Professionnelle Continue FRE Extractive Revenue Funds or Fonds de Recette Extractive FSAP Financial Sector Assessment Program FTU Fort Dauphin GEFP Professional Export Processing Zone Group or Groupement des Entreprises Franches Professionnelles GIPA Interprofessional Craftsmen Group or Groupement Interprofessionnel des Artisans GPCAD Professional Registered Customs Agent Group or Groupement des Professionnels des Commissionnaires Agréés en Douane GVS Gate Validation System HACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (Norme Sécurité des aliments) HIMO High Man Labor Intensity or Haute Intensité de Main d'oeuvre ICT Information and Communication Technology IDE Direct Foreign Investment or Investissement Direct Etranger IFC International Finance Corporation INSTAT National Stastics Institute or Institut National de la Statistique JIRAMA Jiro sy Rano Malagasy KFW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau KRAOMA Kraomita Malagasy LGIM Law on Large Mining Investments or Loi sur les Grands Investissements Miniers MAEP Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fishing or Ministère de l'Agriculture de l'Elevage et de la Pêche MAP Madagascar Action Plan MCA Millenium Challenge Account MECI Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry or Ministère de l'Economie, du Commerce et de l'Industrie MEM Ministry of Energy and Mining or Ministère de l'Energie et des Mines MENRS Ministry of National Education and of Scientific Research or Ministère de l'Education Nationale et de la Recherche Scientifique MFB Minsitry of Finance and Budget or Ministère des Finances et du Budget MFPTLS Ministry of Civil Service, Work and Social Laws or Ministère de la Fonction Publique, du Travail et des Lois Sociales MICTSL Madagascar International Container Terminal Service Ltd NOS Nosy Be NICT New Information and Communications Technology OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OIE World Animal Health Organization or Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale OMD Millenium Development Objectives or Objectifs Millenium de Développement OMEF Malagasy Research Observatory for Employment and Professional Training or Observatoire Malgache de l'Emploi et de la Formation Professionnelle OMNIS National Office for Mining and Strategic Industries or Office des Mines National et des Industries Stratégiques NGO Non Governmental Organization ONN National Office for Nutrition or Office National pour la Nutrition ONPE National Office To Promote Employment or Office National de la Promotion de l'Emploi ONT National Tourism Office or Office National du Tourisme ONUDI United Nations for Industrial Development Organization or Organisation des Nations Unies pour le Développement Industriel OPCAEF Fund Collector Joint Organization for Profesional Training or Organisme Paritaire Collecteurs de Fonds pour la Formation Professionnelle OPCI Public Intercommunal Cooperation Organization or Organisme Public de Coopération Intercommunale ORT Regional Tourism Office or Office Régional du Tourisme PEFA Public Expanditure and Financial Accountability PER Employment Promotion Program or Programme de Promotion à l'Emploi PGRM Mining Reserouce Governance Project or Projet de Gouvernance des Ressources Minières GDP Gross Domestic Products PIC Integrated Growth Pole or Pôle Intégré de Croissance SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprises PNUD United Nations Development Program or Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement PPP Public Private Partnership or Partenariat Public Privé PRSM Mining Sector Restructuration Project or Projet de Restructuration du Secteur Minier PSI Pre-Shipment Inspection PTAC Gross Weight or Poids Total Autorisé en Charge QMM Qit Madagascar Minerals RFT Tourism Land Reserves or Réserves Foncières Touristiques SADC Southern African Development Community SFI International Financial Society or Société Financière Internationale SG Secretary General AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome SNIE National Employment Information System or Système National de l'Information sur l'Emploi SPAT Agri-food and Tourism Productive System or Système Productif Agroalimentaire et Touristique SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards or Standards Sanitaires et Phytosanitaires SQAMT Standardisation Quality Assurance, Metrology and Testing TELMA Telecom Malagasy TOT Terms of Trade TTI/TTA Itinerant or Traveling Terriers or Terriers Itinérants ou Ambulants VAT Value Added Tax EU European Union UK United Kingdom USAID United States Agency for International Development VAE Validation of Experience Assets or des Acquis de l'Expérience VATSI Malagasy Office for the Promotion of Employment for All or Office Malagasy de Promotion pour l'Emploi pour tous WTO World Trade Organization (OMC) LIST OF ANNEXES ANNEX 1: MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ........................................................ 3 Table 1: Sectoral growth rate ­ baseline scenario ...................................................... 3 ANNEX 2: LIST OF STUDIES ON THE CONSTRAINTS TO PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................... 5 ANNEX 3: EXPORT POTENTIAL OF MALAGASY PRODUCTS ......................... 42 Table 1: Largest sources of export growth by country between 2003 and 2006 ...... 42 Table 2: Export market penetration at HS-6 digit level ............................................ 43 All products............................................................................................................... 43 Table 3: Madagascar export market penetration at HS-6 digit level by destination market ....................................................................................................................... 43 Table 4: Madagascar export market penetration at HS-6 digit level by major product ................................................................................................................................... 44 ANNEX 4: AN OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETS NORMS AND STANDARDS............................................................................................................... 45 ANNEX 5: ASSESSMENT OF THE LABOR LAWS ................................................ 50 ANNEX 6: METHODOLOGICAL NOTE ON THE LINK BETWEEN TRADE AND THE HOUSEHOLD REVENUE .................................................................................. 80 ANNEX 7: A QUICK REVIEW OF THE NORMS AND STANDARDS ON THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS .................................................................................. 82 Table 1: Defend the market shares of the existing exports ....................................... 82 Table 2: The existing exports losing momentum...................................................... 82 Table 3: The existing products to promote and not to promote towards new markets ................................................................................................................................... 83 Table 4: The emerging products to promote ............................................................. 84 2 ANNEX 1: MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS Table 1: Sectoral growth rate ­ baseline scenario 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Average 2008-2011 Primary sector 3.1 2.5 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 Agriculture 3.5 4.4 2.6 2.9 4.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.4 Cattle and fishing 3.3 0.8 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 Forestry 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Secondary sector 6.5 3.0 3.5 9.8 8.8 11.1 40.5 20.9 20.3 Food and drink 3.8 0.3 3.6 8.4 9.1 7.6 5.2 3.7 6.4 Export processing zone 25.0 0.0 0.0 28.6 8.6 11.6 12.1 12.4 11.2 Energy 6.0 2.5 4.4 5.6 12.0 12.0 7.0 7.0 9.5 Extractive industry 4.4 9.1 -7.2 9.0 125.0 880.0 60.0 268.5 Other 3.7 8.2 4.2 6.7 7.4 8.5 6.9 7.0 7.5 2 Tertiary sector 6.0 6.1 7.1 7.7 8.9 8.8 6.2 5.4 7.3 Transportation 5.7 5.3 7.3 7.9 9.0 9.2 7.7 7.5 8.4 Services 6.3 6.8 6.0 8.3 8.9 9.8 4.8 4.0 6.9 Trade 4.5 4.3 3.9 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 Public administration 1.6 3.0 2.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Public works/construction 29.0 18.8 27.6 21.8 24.0 18.0 12.0 7.0 15.3 Indirect taxes 7.3 6.4 6.2 6.6 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.4 Real GDP at market prices 5.3 4.6 5.0 6.2 7.1 7.5 9.8 7.6 8.0 Sources: Malagasy authorities and IMF staff estimates. 2 Includes non-inputed banking services. 3 Table 2: Selected macroeconomic indicators for the base case scenario, 2004-11 (% of GDP unless otherwise noted) Average 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2008-2011 Real GDP growth 5.3 4.6 5.0 6.2 7.1 7.5 9.8 7.6 8.0 Consumer Price Index (period average) 27.3 11,4 10.8 10.3 9.4 8.8 6.5 5.5 7.6 Consumer Price Index (end of period) 14.0 18.4 10.8 8.2 11.0 8.5 6.0 5.0 7.6 Investment 24.3 22.5 24.1 26.4 36.0 33.2 21.6 18.7 27.4 Government 12.5 10.3 10.1 6.7 10.3 10.0 9.9 10.0 10.1 Non-Government 11.8 12.3 14.1 19.7 25.7 23.2 11.7 8.7 17.3 Central Government Account Total Revenue (excluding grants) 12.0 10.9 11.2 11.7 12.3 12.7 13.2 13.6 13.0 of which: Tax revenue 10.9 10.1 10.7 11.4 12.0 12.5 12.9 13.3 12.7 Grants 8.2 5.7 47.9 4.3 5.1 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 Total Expenditure 25.1 21.2 21.3 18.7 21.8 21.4 20.4 21.2 21.2 Current Expenditure 12.6 11.0 11.1 11.0 11.5 11.5 10.5 11.2 11.2 Capital Expenditure 12.5 10.3 10.2 7.6 10.3 10.0 9.9 10.0 10.1 Domestic balance -2.3 -2.2 -1.9 -1.5 -2.0 -2.0 -1.2 -1.7 -1.7 -13.9 -10.1 -10.5 -7.2 -9.8 Overall balance (cash basis, excl. grants) -8.8 -7.2 -7.6 -8.4 Overall balance (cash basis, incl. grants)-5.7 -4.3 37.4 -2.9 -4.7 -4.9 -2.8 -3.3 -3.9 Trade balance Exports f.o.b. 22.9 17.0 17.8 16.8 15.8 16.1 22.6 23.2 19.4 Imports c.a.f. 38.8 33.9 32.6 35.9 40.9 38.0 28.8 27.3 33.8 Current Account (excluding grants) -12.9 -12.1 -10.0 -15.0 -23.6 -21.7 -10.0 -7.1 -15.6 Current Account (including grants) -9.1 -10.9 -8.8 -14.6 -22.8 -21.3 -9.3 -6.3 -14.9 Gross official reserves (in months of 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.8 3.6 3.7 3.2 imports of GNFS) Sources: Malagasy authorities and IMF staff estimates and projections. 4 ANNEX 2: LIST OF STUDIES ON THE CONSTRAINTS TO PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PUBLISHER N° AUTHOR TITLE LOCATION /SPONSOR YEAR CLAS NOTE KEYWORD COLLATION SIFICA TION MARK 1 BAMEX. Antananarivo Feasibility study of a Antananarivo BAMEX 2005 07.05. Context and objectives ­ Study of Agribusiness - Agro-industry 393 KB; fig. fruits and vegetables 05 the supply and demand ­ Technical ­ Food preserves - cold store for export by BAM aspects of the cold store ­ Human Refrigeration - Airport - Fruits air in the Ivato resource scheme ­ Financial - Vegetables ­ Feasibility Antananarivo premises forecast study - Antananarivo - Ivato 2 BAMEX. Antananarivo Collection of products Antananarivo USAID 2005 07.05. High priority chains ­ Priority chains Agribusiness - Spices - 600 KB; fig. sheet selected by the 05 ­ Selected chains Cereals - Fruits - Vegetables BAMEX/USAID-DRAFT BAM - Fibers ­ Oilseeds ­ Nuts ­ program Beverages - Madagascar 3 Consortium RAISE Madagascar ­ Analysis Antananarivo USAID 2002 08.06. Rural participation and professional Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 895 KB; fig. ARD. Arlington of food-processing and 01 association ­ Food-processing Investment projects ­ Food- forestry industries CON sector ­ Forestry industry sector ­ processing industry ­ Forests Trade and exports ­ Service centre ­ Forestry industry ­ Action for business development and Plan ­ Market study ­ access to financing Madagascar 4 French Embassy. Bakery trade and flour- Antananarivo 2006 08.06. General presentation ­ the Agribusiness ­ Market study 175 KB; fig. Economic Missions. milling in Madagascar 01 MIS KOBAMA - Imports ­ Bakery trade ­ Agro-industry ­ Bakery Antananarivo - Distribution - Consumption - trade ­ Flour-milling - Prospects Madagascar 5 MAEP. Antananarivo; Agricultural productivity Antananarivo USAID 2005 07.01. Farmers association ­ Crop yields ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 110 KB; fig. INSTAT. Antananarivo in Madagascar: 2004- 01 Production costs ­ Market access Maize ­ Potato ­ Dairy 2005 season MAE product - Madagascar 6 BAMEX. Antananarivo Status of the jatropha Antananarivo USAID 2007 08.11. The Jatropha chain ­ The biodiesel Agribusiness - Agro-industry 580 KB; fig. chain and impacts of 01 sector in Madagascar - Actions in - Energy ­ Renewable energy investments in biodiesel BAM favor of the sustainable - Biodiesel - Biofuel - in Madagascar development of the sector Jatropha ­ Investments projects ­ Feasibility study - Madagascar 7 MAEP. Antananarivo Five-year Master Plan Antananarivo MAEP 2004 02.01. Overview of the systems: key Agribusiness ­ Market study - 222 KB for Rural Development: 03 discoveries and opportunities; Agriculture ­ Agricultural A market approach to MAE Strategic approach of the Master policy - Planning - Livestock ­ fight poverty in the rural Plan; Operational Plan ­ Traditional fishing ­ Rural environment of Incorporation of environmental, development ­ Development Madagascar: April 2004 men-women and social issues; projects - Madagascar to March 2009 Control methods of the progress made in rural development; 5 Explanatory management notes ­ Start-up activities 8 Ministry of Agriculture, Malagasy agro-industrial Antananarivo UPDR 2000 02.01. The agro-industrial sector in the Agribusiness - Agro-industry 287 KB; fig. Livestock and Fishing. dynamics and 03 MIN Malagasy development dynamics ­ ­ Development projects ­ Antananarivo development prospects The future of agro-industrial Agricultural policy ­ Halieutic or bases for a regional industries ­ Spatial analysis of the product ­ Dairy product ­ agro-industrial pole dynamics of agro-industrial Cereal ­ Sericulture ­ Beef - strategy: Contribution to businesses concentration ­ Bases Madagascar the Poverty Reduction for a regional agro-industrial pole Strategy Paper (PRSP) ­ strategy ­ Reminders on the sub- Working Note. sectors 9 CITE. Antananarivo Studies on opportunities Antananarivo Prime- 2003 07.07. Context of the value chain ­ Social Agribusiness ­ Market study - 205 KB; fig. of the value chains ­ Minister's 04 CIT environment of the value chain ­ Agriculture ­ Agricultural Fianarantsoa micro- Office in Commercial environment of the market ­ Agricultural product region: The « maize » charge of value chain ­ Macro-economic - Maze - Madagascar chain economic analysis elements ­ Qualitative programs - assessment of the value chain MTTPAT - PAGU/DEVE CO 10 BAMEX. Antananarivo Business plan for a fruit Antananarivo USAID 2006 08.06. Context and objectives of the Feasibility study - 276 KB; fig. processing unit set-up in 01 project ­ Presentation of the Agribusiness ­ Processing Manakara by the BAM developers ­ Business assessment industry ­ Agricultural market "Société malaise" of the project ­ Technical aspects of ­ Fruit - Litchi ­ Spices ­ the processing unit ­ Human Seafood - Madagascar - resource requirements ­ Financial Manakara plan 11 FTHM Conseils. National sectoral plan for Antananarivo FTHM 2005 08.01. Generalities ­ Harmonizing Agribusiness - Agriculture - 1374 KB; fig. Antananarivo the food-processing 02 Madagascar's policy in the area of Food-processing industry ­ industry in Madagascar FTH food-processing industry ­ Strength National development policy and weakness of the food- ­ Livestock ­ Fruits and processing industry in Madagascar vegetables ­ Sugar ­ Rice - and value chain ­ Sectoral plan Recommendation - proposal for the food-processing Madagascar industry in Madagascar ­ Establishment of a competitiveness observatory - Identification of centers of excellence ­ Operational monitoring activities ­ Financing of the action plan 12 BOCKEL Louis Review of Madagascar's Washington World Bank 2002 07.07. Rice in Madagascar - Inherent Agribusiness - Rice growing - 517 KB; fig. Rice sub-sector: Final 04 characteristics of the rice chain - Technique de production ­ Version BOC Rice producing households and Investment in agriculture - rural poverty - Rice chain and Rice - Recommendations - poverty reduction strategy : Policy Madagascar - Agribusiness - implications Farming system - Agricultural investments - Recommendations - Madagascar 13 BAMEX. Antananarivo Business Plan for the Antananarivo USAID 2005 08.12. Project description ­ Technical Agribusiness - Agro-industry 188 KB; fig. 6 bulk blending of fertilizer 05 aspect of the project ­ Financial ­ Industrial development to be established in BAM requirements ­ financial forecasts project ­ Investment project ­ Majunga Fertilizer ­ Urea ­ Market study ­ Mahajanga 14 Ocean Consultant. Banana chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ Problematic analysis­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 116 KB; fig. Antananarivo 05 Policy Agricultural product ­ Banana OCE ­ Recommendation ­ Market study - Madagascar 15 Ocean Consultant. Coffee chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ Problematic analysis Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 227 KB; fig. Antananarivo 09 ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ Coffee - OCE Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 16 Ocean Consultant. Sugar chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 08.06. Description ­ Problematic analysis Agribusiness - Agricultural 842 KB; fig. Antananarivo 04 ­ Policy product ­ Agriculture ­ Sugar OCE - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 17 Ocean Consultant. Cotton chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ Problematic analysis Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 638 KB; fig. Antananarivo 07 ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ Cotton - OCE Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 18 Ocean Consultant. Fruit and vegetable Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ A Problematic Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 325 KB; fig. Antananarivo chain 05 analysis ­ General policy of the Agricultural product ­ Fruits ­ OCE value chain Vegetables - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 19 Valy agri. Antananarivo Pulse chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ Problematic analysis Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 269 KB; fig. 06 VAL ­ General policy of the value chain Agricultural product ­ Pulse - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 20 Ocean Consultant. Litchi chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ Problematic analysis Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 93 KB; fig. Antananarivo 05 ­ General policy of the value chain Agricultural product ­ Litchi - OCE Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 21 Ocean Consultant. Maze chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description of the field of application Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 100 KB; fig. Antananarivo 04 ­ Problematic analysis ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ Maze - OCE outline Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 22 Valy agri. Antananarivo Oilseed chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 340 KB; fig. 09 VAL Problematic analysis ­ General Agricultural product ­ policy of the value chain Oilseeds - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 23 Ocean Consultant. Spice plant chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description of the implementation Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 390 KB; fig. Antananarivo 09 domain - Problematic analysis ­ Agricultural product ­ Spices OCE Policy - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 24 Ocean Consultant. Potato chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 134 KB; fig. Antananarivo 09 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ Potato - OCE Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 7 25 Ocean Consultant. Essential oil and Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ Problematic analysis Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 820 KB; fig. Antananarivo aromatic plants 09 ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ OCE Aromatic plant ­ Essential oil - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 26 Ocean Consultant. Cassava chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ Problematic analysis Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 139 KB; fig. Antananarivo 09 ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ OCE Cassava - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 27 Ocean Consultant. Rice chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 441 KB; fig. Antananarivo 04 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ Rice - OCE Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 28 Ocean Consultant. Tobacco chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description ­ Problematic analysis Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 165 KB; fig. Antananarivo 09 ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ OCE Tobacco - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 29 Ocean Consultant. Vanilla chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.07. Description of the field of application Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 87 KB; fig. Antananarivo 09 ­ Problematic analysis ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ Vanilla OCE outline - Recommendation ­ Market research ­ Madagascar 30 Ocean Consultant. Traditional poultry- Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.09. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 177 KB; fig. Antananarivo farming chain 02 Problematic analysis - Outline of Agricultural product ­ Poultry OCE the traditional poultry-farming policy farming - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 31 Ocean Consultant. Snail chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.09. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 121 KB; fig. Antananarivo 02 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ Snail - OCE outline Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 32 Ocean Consultant. Eel chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.09. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 72 KB; fig. Antananarivo 02 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ Eel - OCE outline Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 33 Ocean Consultant. Seaweed chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 81 KB; fig. Antananarivo 04 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Agricultural product ­ OCE outline Seaweed - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 34 Ocean Consultant. Inland traditional fishing Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness ­ Inland fishing 92 KB; fig. Antananarivo chain 01 Problematic analysis ­ Policy ­ Traditional fishing ­ OCE outline Seafood - Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 35 Ocean Consultant. Fish farming and rice Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 90 KB; fig. Antananarivo and fish farming chains 03 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Livestock - fish farming - Rice OCE outline fish farming - Carp ­ Goldfish- Tilapia - 8 Recommendation ­ Market research - Madagascar 36 Ocean Consultant. Other fish chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness ­ Fishing ­ 81 KB; fig. Antananarivo 01 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Halieutic product ­ Fish - OCE outline Recommendations ­ Market research - Madagascar 37 Ocean Consultant. Fished shrimp chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness ­ Fishing - 131 KB; fig. Antananarivo 01 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Aquaculture ­ Shrimp - OCE outline Recommendations ­ Market research - Madagascar 38 Ocean Consultant. Marine aquaculture Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness ­ Fishing - 114 KB; fig. Antananarivo shrimp chain 03 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Aquaculture ­ Seafood ­ OCE outline Shrimp - Recommendations ­ Market research ­ Madagascar 39 Ocean Consultant. Lobster chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 98 KB; fig. Antananarivo 01 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Fishing ­ Halieutic product ­ OCE outline Lobster - Recommendations ­ Market research ­ Madagascar 40 Ocean Consultant. Traditional maritime Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness ­ Traditional 105 KB; fig. Antananarivo fishing chain 01 Problematic analysis ­ Policy fishing ­ Maritime fishing - OCE outline Seafood ­ Halieutic product - Recommendations ­ Market research - Madagascar 41 Ocean Consultant. Tuna chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 82 KB; fig. Antananarivo 01 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Fishing ­ Tuna - OCE outline Recommendations ­ Market research - Madagascar 42 Ocean Consultant. Oyster and mussel chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 77 KB; fig. Antananarivo 01 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Fishing ­ Oyster ­ Mussel - OCE outline Recommendations ­ Market research - Madagascar 43 Ocean Consultant. Trepang chain Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.10. Description of the value chain ­ Agribusiness ­ Fishing ­ 93 KB; fig. Antananarivo 01 Problematic analysis ­ Policy Trepang­ Agricultural policy - OCE outline Recommendations ­ Market research - Madagascar 44 Ocean Consultant. Land titling sector Antananarivo MAEP UPDR 2004 07.02. Description ­ Problematic analysis Land titling ­ Land titling 213 KB; fig. Antananarivo 01 ­ National land titling program policy ­ Land reform ­ Land OCE titling policy ­ Title-deeds - Recommendations ­ Market research - Madagascar 45 RAMILISON Eric Production costs and the Antananarivo CREAM 2003 11.01. 1- Dependence vis-à-vis Taxation- Import ­ Taxes and 540 KB: tabl. Norbert effects of the new 02 intermediary imported consumption; duties ­ Production cost ­ customs duties RAM 2- New import tax rates and impacts Price ­ Statistical data provisions on the price of on imported inputs; 3- Estimate of Madagascar imported (non-energy) the cost function and simulation of inputs the impact of the new tax provision on the production cost 9 46 French Embassy. Tourism in Madagascar Antananarivo MINEFI 2006 09.04. This summary sheet describes the Tourism ­ Hotels ­ Statistical 232 KB: fig. Economic Missions. 05 MIS current situation of the tourism data ­ Tourism infrastructures Antananarivo sector in Madagascar. It brings a ­ Tourism policy ­ costed summary of previous results. Madagascar According to this sheet, in spite of the sector's notable development these last years the existing infrastructures remain insufficient and do not meet international standards. However the authorities and other development partners support the sector's development. 47 CHRISTIE Ian T; Republic of Madagascar: Antananarivo World Bank 2003 09.04. This report states that Madagascar Tourism - Hotel ­ 676 KB: ill. CROMPTON Elizabeth A study of the tourism 05 has the major potential of Accommodation ­ sector - Africa Region CHR welcoming a large number of Development potential - Working Paper visitors, and to make tourism a Madagascar source of growth, provided that there is a guarantee that the sector is well managed while emphasizing the economic, environmental and social aspects; and namely community participation. This report presents a program for the balanced development of the sector and assesses both the growth opportunities and the obstacles that block progress. This report includes a poll among hotels and tourism establishments. The report recommends that a planning process (master scheme) and a program of actions be undertaken. 48 CHRISTIE Ian T Tourism sector in Antananarivo World Bank 2005 09.04. This article presents a description of Tourism - Ecotourism ­ 201 KB: Madagascar 05 Madagascar's potentials, namely its Cultural wealth - Culture ­ CHR biodiversity and its cultural wealth. It Tourist site ­ Development also summarizes the actions potential - Madagascar undertaken and the projects underway to promote the tourism sector. Improvements have been noted in the sector notably thanks to the efforts made by the authorities and the supports given by the partners. However, some characteristics of the context and of the population can harm the sector's development by destroying the assets the country has. Therefore, some measures must be taken both by public authorities and by the population itself. 10 49 CREAM. Antananarivo The cultural factors of Antananarivo Focus 2005 11.02. 1- Methodology; 2- The obstacles Economy ­ Investment 632 KB the investment climate in Development 06 related to the culture of the main projects ­ Sociological Madagascar: Economic Association CRE investors 3- Conclusions and analysis - Obstacles to analysis research brief recommendations development - Culture ­ Society - Recommendations ­ Madagascar 50 International Tax International ITD [s.l.] International 2007 11.01. 1- Main consideration for SME Small-scale industry ­ 212 KB Dialogue. Washington conference on SME Tax Dialogue 02 taxation; 2- Current practice for Taxation ­ Tax reform ­ taxation: 6 ­ PME SME taxation; 3- Tackling the main Taxes and duties ­ Corporate Madagascar tax policy and administration tax - SME - Madagascar challenges regarding MSMEs; 4- Reducing the discipline charge for SMEs; 5- Future challenges 51 Hermes Conseils. Analysis review and Antananarivo PIC Project 2005 11.02. 1. Analysis of the business Economy - Investment - FDI - 30 cm: fig. Antananarivo proposal to improve 06 environments in Madagascar: the Obstacle to development ­ Madagascar's business HER main constraints to investment; 2. Integrated growth pole - environment: Findings of the opinion poll; 3. The Recommendation ­ Identification and main obstacles to the PIC project's Madagascar definition of specific implementation at the level of the incentive instruments in three growth poles; 4. Comparative the framework of the PIC analysis of the existing incentive project instruments: BENCHMARKING; 5. Identification and definition of new investment incentive instruments; 6. Macroeconomic impact of the measures proposed at the level measured through the additionality effects; 7. Proposal for Business Development Services (BDS) in Madagascar 52 Republic of Project for the Antananarivo Government 2005 08.08. 1. Context of the assistance; 2. Economy ­ Textile industry ­ 416 KB Madagascar. improvement of export 01 Justification and presentation of the Export processing zones ­ Government. processing zone GOV project; 3. Objectives, expected Competitiveness - Antananarivo company productivity results and APRODEF activities; 4. Productivity ­ Job creation ­ through the promotion of Budget and contributions for Madagascar decent jobs APRODEF; 5. Conditions for the project to succeed; 6. Monitoring- evaluation and control mechanism 53 French Embassy. Social regime of the Antananarivo French 2005 13.01. 1. Hiring formalities; 2. Social Economy ­ Human resources 212 KB: fig. Economic Missions. workforce in Madagascar Embassy 03 MIS contributions; 3. Salary; 4. Paid ­ Workforce ­ Hiring ­ Social Antananarivo leave; 5. Transport; 6. Special security ­ Salary ­ regimes; 7. Firing; 8. Agreements Madagascar 54 HVIDSTEEN Kristoffer Madagascar ­ Antananarivo PIC Project 2007 09.04. 1. Elements of a favorable Tourism ­ Foreign 30 cm: fig. Investment incentives to 05 HVI investment climate; 2. Synthesis of investments ­ Private invest in tourism the studies on the investment investments ­ Incentive climate in tourism in Madagascar; 3. measure ­ Regulation ­ International comparative analysis Investment promotion - of the investment climate; 4. Madagascar Incentives to invest in Madagascar; 5. Recommendations to facilitate investment in tourism in 11 Madagascar 55 RAHARIMANANA Fidy Comparative study of Antananarivo Harson 2004 09.04. 1. Description of the tourism sector Tourism ­ Tourism policy - 30 cm taxation on tourism Development 05 in Madagascar; 2. Sector declared Comparative analysis ­ RAH as buoyant in the national Taxation ­ Competition - development policy; 3. Malagasy Madagascar ­ Indian Ocean tourism sector in a weak position compared to its neighboring competitors 56 BHATIA Ashok Kumar Study on the Antananarivo FAO 2006 07.05. 1. Introduction; 2. Establishment of - Growth poles - Feasibility 1é41 MB: establishment of agro- 03 agro-techno poles: Agro-techno studies - Agro-industrie - tabl. technopole complex in BHA pole objective and mission - Agricultural policy - Fruits - Madagascar Handling and storage of fresh fruits Vegetables - Spices - Cereals and vegetables - Transformation of - Legumes - Oilseeds - Fruits and Vegetables - Training center - Food Transformation of Spices - industry - Recommendations Transformation of Cereals, ­ Madagascar Legumes, Oilseeds - Training, Extension and R&D Centre - Project cost for Agro-technopole complexes recommended locations and focus areas of technology - Contacts with potential donors / investment - 2.9 Recommendation on further specific studies agencies; 3. Appendices 57 World Bank. Republic of Madagascar: Antananarivo World Bank 2001 09.04. 1. Tourism assets; 2. Size and Tourism - Tourism 558 KB: ill. Antananarivo Tourism Sector Study 05 characteristics of tourism sector; 3. development - Hotel industry BAN Accommodation and tourist - National parks - services; 4. Domestic and regional Recommandations ­ tourism; 5. Cruise tourism; 6. Madagascar Economic impact of tourism; 7. Tourism and poverty; 8. Tourism and environment; 9. Negative social impacts of tourism; 10. Sector administration; 11. Constraints to the growth of tourism; 12. Prospects for tourism; 13. A proposed strategy for tourism; 14. Summary of findings and recommendations 58 The Services Group. Overview of Madagascar Antananarivo MICDSP 2006 12.01. 1. Results ­ Apparel; 2. Results ­ Economy ­ Economic 30 cm: fig. Arlington ­ Review of the PDSP II 01 Textiles; 3. Results ­ Shared analysis - Textile industry - comparative analysis of TSG services; 4. Results - Tourism; 5. Tourism - Horticulture ­ Food businesses Results ­ Horticulture; 6. Results ­ industry ­ Beverages ­ Food and beverage processing; 7. Investment promotion - Survey report and Recommendations ­ recommendations Feasibility studies - Madagascar 59 MICDSP. Antananarivo BEEM Survey Antananarivo MICDSP 2005 12.01. 1. Current situation and prospects Economy ­ Statistical data ­ 30 cm: ill. (Economic Barometer of 01 MIN from the businesses' perspective; 2. Economic analysis ­ Businesses in The production process and its Economic context - 12 Madagascar or environment; 3. Turnover and Investments - Macroeconomy Baromètre économique production; 4. Micro- and macro- - Microeconomy - des entreprises à economic environment according to Madagascar Madagascar): Issue 1 company directors; 5. The integration of businesses into their environment 60 MICDSP. Antananarivo BEEM Survey Antananarivo MICDSP 2005 12.01. 1. Macroeconomic situation of the Economy ­ Economic policy 30 cm: ill. (Economic Barometer of 01 MIN country; 2. The situation in each ­ Foreign trade ­ Economic Businesses in sector analysis - Investments ­ Madagascar or Statistical data - Madagascar Baromètre économique des entreprises à Madagascar): Issue 3 61 MICDSP. Antananarivo Proposal for an Antananarivo MICDSP 11.02. 1. Rights and duties of the investor; Economy - Investment ­ 30 cm: tabl. investment charter in 06 MIN 2. The regulatory framework of Investment promotion ­ Madagascar investments Investment charter ­ Regulation ­ Taxation ­ Customs ­ Madagascar 62 FIAS. Washington Madagascar: Study of Antananarivo IFC; World 2006 11.01. 1. Tax policies and revenue Economy - Taxation ­ Tax 30 cm: tabl. the real impact of Bank 02 FIA performance; 2. Analysis of the policy ­ Taxes - Obstacle to taxation effective tax burden; 3. Sectoral development - analysis of the tax burden Recommendation ­ Madagascar 63 World Bank. Washington Doing business in 2006 Washington World Bank; 2005 11.02. 1. Creating jobs: an overview; 2. Economy - Investment - 30 cm: fig. IFC 06 Starting a business; 3. Dealing with Investment promotion - BAN licenses; 4. Registering property; 5. Business creation - Job - Protecting investors; 6. Closing a Business financing - Taxation business; 7. Data notes ­ Exports 64 MCI. Antananarivo [Concerted Development Antananarivo PDSP II 2005 03.02. 1. Generalities; 2. General Economy ­ Industrial 30 cm: tabl. Zone or Zone 01 MCI characteristics of the project for the development - Concerted d'Aménagement set-up of a Concerted Development development zone - ZAC - Concerté]: Note on the Zone (ZAC); 3. Analyses and Export processing zone - EPZ economic financial and recommendations ­ Taxation ­ Industrial trading tax aspects: Volume II zone - ZIC ­ Regulation ­ Madagascar 65 BCMM. Antananarivo Guide for mining Antananarivo BPGRM 08.13. 1. Documents to provide; 2. Mines ­ Mining resource ­ 20 cm: ill. companies 02 Synoptic table; 3. Preparation of a Mining of minerals ­ Industrial BCM request; 4. Circuit of the requests; development - Investment - 5. Issuance of permits Regulation ­ Madagascar 66 RAZAFINIRINA André The food-processing Antananarivo FASP 07.01. 1. Investment promotion and Agribusiness ­ Food- 30 cm: tabl. sector in Madagascar 01 conditions for mining; 2. Description processing - Industrial RAZ of the sector and investment development ­ Development potentials potential ­ Regulation - Investment - Recommendation - Madagascar 67 RABE Olivier Landry Study for the fixing of the Antananarivo MICDSP 2006 12.08. 1. Structure of the imports from the Trade - Import ­ Sensitive 5938 KB: list of sensitive products 01 island; 2. Concept and criteria of the product ­ Taxation ­ tabl. RAB selection of sensitive products; 3. Industrial development - List of sensitive products for Madagascar Madagascar; 4. Scopes and 13 limitations of this study 68 MDP JEXCO Assessment of EPA Antananarivo MDP JEXCO 2004 01.02. 1. Madagascar's trade; 2. Trade ­ Commercial trade - 21595 KB impacts for Madagascar 01 Madagascar's trade agreements; 3. Import - Export ­ Trade policy MDP Economic partnership agreements; ­ Trade agreement ­ 4. Madagascar's trade policy and Economic partnership trade with the UE; 5. EPA impacts agreement ­ Impact for Madagascar; 6. Status of the assessment - Madagascar negotiations 69 ECR. Antananarivo Implementation of the Antananarivo MICDSP 2007 01.02. 1. Introduction; 2. Executive Trade ­ Regional trade - 689 KB SADC trade protocol 01 summary; 3. Diagnosis and SADC ­ Non-tariff barrier ­ ECR recommendations; 4. Action plan. Free trade area - Madagascar ­ Southern Africa 70 LIMANTOUR Jean The textile-apparel FED; JEXCO 2006 08.08. 1. The textile chain in Madagascar; Economy ­ Foreign trade - 5,87 Mo Franois sector in Madagascar 01 LIM 2. Agreements and regulations. Export - Textile industry ­ and its international Industrial potential - environment Competitiveness ­ Madagascar 71 MICDSP. Antananarivo Regional industrialization Antananarivo MICDSP 2006 08.01. 1. The factors for the development Industry ­ Industrial 2658 KB program 01 MIC of industry in the regions; 2. development - Region ­ Strategies; 3. Avenues for Industrial potential ­ industrialization; 4. Actions to Development plan - implement. Madagascar 72 PNUD. New York Liberating New York PNUD 2004 12.04. 1. The importance of the private Economy ­ Economic 2310 KB entrepreneurship: 01 sector for poverty alleviation; 2. development - Private sector Putting business at the PNU Constraints on the private sector in ­ Investment plan ­ Job service of the poor developing countries; 3. Liberating creation - Obstacle to private sector potential; 4. Engaging development - the private sector in development; Recommendation 5. Recommended actions. 73 FTHM. Antananarivo Feasibility study of the Antananarivo FTHM 2004 09.05. 1. Context and objectives; 2. Trade - Export ­ Export 13557 KB creation of an export 05 Assessment of the situation; 3. promotion ­ Development promotion agency in FTH Gaps and difficulties of exporters; 4. plan ­ Feasibility study - Madagascar Benchmarking; 5. Proposal for the Madagascar organizing of the AMPE 74 BCM. Antananarivo Bulletin of the Banque Antananarivo BCM 2007 11.02. 1. Economic situation end of Economy ­ Economic 296 KB: tabl. centrale de Madagascar 02 December 2006; 2. Research notes. situation ­ Statistical data ­ BAN Financial analysis - Balance of payments - Madagascar - 2007 75 GATO International Tourism master plan for Antananarivo Ministry of 2004 09.04. 1. Assessment of the situation; 2. Tourism ­ Tourism policy - 8784 KB: Tourism Organization Madagascar Tourism 05 Development of the tourism Investment - Infrastructure - tabl. AG for Development and GAT product; 3. Marketing, Institutional Obstacle to development - Investment. Munich framework, Human resources, Recommendation - Investment in tourism Madagascar 76 YAGER Thomas The mineral industry of [s.l.] [s.e.] 2002 08.13. 1. Government policies and Mines - Mining - Chromium - 203 KB: tabl. Madagascar 01 programs; 2. Commodity review; 3. Cobalt - Nickel - Gold - YAG Infrastructure; 4. Outlook Titanium - Zirconium - Cement - Precious stones - Graphite - Mica - Petroleum - Mining policy - Madagascar 14 77 GAF AG. Munich Madagascar: an overall Antananarivo BPGRM 2005 08.13. 1. The country; 2. The geology and Mine ­ Mining industry - 2610 KB presentation 01 the mining sector. Geography - Geology - GAF Infrastructure - Madagascar 78 YAGER Thomas R. The mineral industry of Madagascar: US Geological 2003 08.13. 1. Government Policies and Mines - Mining - Chromium - 127 KB: tabl. Survey Minerals Yearbook 2003 01 Programs; 2. Commodity Review; 3. Cobalt - Nickel - Gold - YAG Infrastructure; 4. Outlook. Platinum - Titanium - Zirconium - Cement - Diamond - Precious stones - Graphite - Mica - Coal - Petroleum - Madagascar 79 Otto Frei Conseil. Energy and environment: [s.l.] World city 2005 08.11. 1. The town of Toliara; 2. Energy ­ Solar energy ­ 2077 KB: ill. Zollikafen Development of solar alliance 01 Renewable energies potential; 3. Industrial potential - energy in Toliara against OTT ADES Association pour le Madagascar - Toliara (Madagascar) poverty (or Développement de l'énergie solaire. Alliance mondiale des villes contre la pauvreté) 80 TEYSSIER André; The frontiers of the land Montpellier PNF 2006 07.02. 1. The impasse of « domanialité » Land titling ­ Land titling 152 KB RAHARISON Henri; issue: The land titling 01 [state-owned land]; 2. An overhaul policy ­ Land reform ­ Land RAVELOMANANTSOA reform in Madagascar or TEY of the land titling policy based on a ownership - Decentralization - Zo gambling on local conceptual break; 3. Gambling on Madagascar competence; decentralized land management. 81 TEYSSIER André; Geographical Quebec PNF 2007 07.02. 1. Land titling in Madagascar or the Land titling ­ Land titling 1,07 Mo RAHARISON Henri; information, the keystone 01 failure of the Torrens system; 2. policy ­ Land reform ­ Land RAVELOMANANTSOA of the Malagasy land TEY Decentralizing land management: a ownership ­ Geographical Zo reform necessity in conjunction with information - Decentralization political will; 3. The challenge of - Madagascar transferring land and topographical data. 82 INSTAT. Antananarivo The 22 regions of Antananarivo MEFB 2004 02.01. 1. Population; 2. Infrastructure; 3. Region ­ Statistical data ­ 30 cm: tabl. Madagascar: the figures 01 INS Agriculture; 4. Business creation in Geography ­ Demography - 2003; 5. Transport; 6. Social Infrastructure - Environment - sectors; 7. Environment Madagascar 83 MAEP. Antananarivo Information system on Antananarivo MAEP 2005 14.04. 1. Rice; 2. Food crops; 3. Fishing; 4. Agribusiness ­ 30 cm: ill. rural markets (or 02 Livestock Communication system - Système d'information MAE Prices ­ Agricultural product - sur les marchés ruraux - Rural market - Rice ­ Food S.I.M.R): Bulletin n°1 crops ­ Fishing ­ Livestock - Madagascar 84 FAO. Rome Madagascar ­ Rural Rome FAO 2003 14.04. 1. Presentation of rural invest; 2. Agribusiness ­ Rural 30 cm: tabl. Development Support 02 Analysis of the PSDR sub-project development rural - Project (or Projet de FAO documents; 3. Opportunity to use Methodology ­ Planning soutien au rural invest in the PSDR4.; 4. method - Rural invest ­ développement rural - Conclusions and recommendations Feasibility study ­ Financial PSDR): adaptation of the of the mission. analysis - Recommendations rural invest methodology - PSDR - Madagascar 85 FAO. Rome The situation of 2004 Rome FAO 2004 07.01. 1. Recent development and long- Agribusiness ­ Agricultural 30 cm: ill. markets for agricultural 03 term trends; 2. Cost of food items product ­ International trade products FAO imports; 3. Export revenues of ­ Regional integration - agricultural products; 4. Evolution of Obstacle to development - 15 the agricultural trade structure. Recommendation 86 INSTAT. Antananarivo Banque centrale de Antananarivo INSTAT 2007 11.03. General company characteristics ­ Foreign investment ­ 578 KB: fig. Madagascar: Foreign 03 INS Foreign investments. Statistical data ­ Foreign direct and portfolio capital ­ Statistical analysis - investments in Madagascar - Canada - Madagascar: years France ­ Mauritius - 2005-2006 (Survey) Luxembourg 87 INSTAT. Antananarivo 2005 survey of Antananarivo MEFB; 2005 12.01. Breakdown of companies per Company - Statistical data ­ 22 KB: businesses in INSTAT; 01 INS province, per size, per investment Economic development - graph. Madagascar USAID cost, Indicators; Breakdown of Investment ­ Employment - employment according to the size of Statistical analysis - the company. Madagascar 88 CAPE. Antananarivo Update of the data on Antananarivo CAPE 2004 11.02. - Presentation Note­ Introduction ­ Telecommunication - Energy 30 cm: fig. investment opportunities 06 Madagascar, a summary ­ - Agribusiness - Agriculture - in Madagascar: Volume I CAP Monograph - Synoptic maps - Tourism - Industry - Mining ­ Province of Antananarivo - Province Crafts - Investment of Antsiranana. opportunities - Statistical data - Monograph - Antananarivo - Antsiranana 89 CAPE. Antananarivo Update of the data on Antananarivo CAPE 2004 11.02. Province of Fianarantsoa - Province Telecommunication - Energy 30 cm: fig. investment opportunities 06 of Mahajanga. - Agribusiness - Agriculture - in Madagascar: Volume CAP Tourism - Industry - Mining ­ II Crafts - Investment opportunities - Statistical data - Monograph - Mahajanga - Fianarantsoa 90 CAPE. Antananarivo; Update of the data on Antananarivo CAPE 2004 11.02. Province of Toamasina - Province Telecommunication - Energy 30 cm: fig. Madagascar investment opportunities 06 of Toliary. - Agribusiness - Agriculture - Development in Madagascar: Volume CAP Tourism - Industry - Mining ­ Placement. III Crafts - Investment Antananarivo opportunities - Statistical data - Monograph - Toamasina - Toliary 91 INSTAT. Antananarivo Banque centrale de Antananarivo INSTAT 2006 11.03. General company characteristics ­ Economy ­ Foreign 997 KB: fig. Madagascar: Foreign 03 INS Foreign investments. investments - Statistical data direct and portfolio ­ Foreign capitals ­ Foreign investments in company - Statistical analysis Madagascar: years - Madagascar 2004-2005 92 SALINGER Lynn Madagascar AGOA Virginia Nathan MSI 2003 08.08. - Introduction - Brief recap of AGOA Textile industry - Cotton 1290 KB: fig. Jumpstart Project: Group; 01 SAL benefits for textiles ­ garments - industry - Clothing industry - Competitiveness audit of USAID Competitiveness audit approach - Textile fibres - Madagascar's cotton, Madagascar Competitiveness of Madagascar's Competitiveness - Free textiles and garments cotton - textiles - garments value- economic zones - Nontariff sector chain - Conclusions and barriers - Madagascar - recommendations. United states 93 BAFD. Abidjan Madagascar: Economic Paris OECD 2005 03.02. Recent economic development ­ Economy - Macroeconomy ­ 776 KB: fig. prospects in Africa 03 Marco-economic policy ­ Structural Economic growth ­ Economic 2004/2005 BAF issues ­ Political and social context. policy ­ Economic prospects - Statistical analysis ­ 16 Madagascar 94 Ministry of Foreign Guidiplo: Madagascar Paris Les 2005 03.02. - Madagascar - France ­ Economy Economy - Tourism ­ 25 cm: fig. Affairs. Paris publications 01 GUI ­ Tourism ­ Culture International relations - diplomatique France - Madagascar s 95 French Embassy. Foreign direct Antananarivo MINEFI- 2006 11.03. Foreign direct investments ­ The Statistical data ­ Malagasy 210 KB: fig. Economic Missions. investments in 2004 and DGTPE 03 FDI stock ­ The French presence. economy ­ Foreign Antananarivo the French presence in AMB investments ­ Export Madagascar: February processing zones - France ­ 2006 update Madagascar 96 French Embassy. Foreign direct Antananarivo MINEFI- 2006 11.03. Low level of FDIs but a revival of Malagasy economy ­ Foreign 209 KB: fig. Economic Missions. investments (FDI) in DGTPE 03 large projects ­ Madagascar's investments ­ Export Antananarivo Madagascar in 2005: AMB position as a host country ­ The processing zones - Statistical November 2006 update position of France. data - France - Madagascar 97 GSB Madagascar. Detailed summaries of Antananarivo GSB Madagascar 11.02. Six projects are run by GSB Investment promotion ­ 40 KB: tab. Antananarivo the investment projects 06 Madagascar. They concern rural Development projects ­ Wind GSB electrification, the improvement of energy ­ Rural electrification hydrocarbon transport, the financing ­ Road safety - Transport - of micro- and small-sized Hydrocarbons ­ Business businesses, the establishment of a financing ­ Small businesses wind energy industrial center and ­ Catering ­ Hotel industry - the set-up of franchised "hotely Madagascar gasy" in tourist sites and on the roads going there. 98 Groupement des Investment climate and Antananarivo GEM 2006 11.02. What is blocking investment? ­ Economic development - 76 KB entreprises de business 06 Going beyond technique ­ Obstacle to development ­ Madagascar. competitiveness GEM Assessment ­ To succeed ­ Competitiveness - Investment Antananarivo Investment Code and investment promotion - Regulation - promotion agency ­ Specific case of Recommendations - political interference in business ­ Madagascar. The case of the legal system. 99 World Bank. Washington Assessment of the Antananarivo World Bank 2005 11.02. What is the investment climate and Economic development - 60 KB: fig. investment climate in 06 why is it important? ­ Main Investment - Investment Madagascar: A summary BAN constraints burdening the promotion - Obstacle to investment climate in Madagascar. development - Madagascar 100 SHAH Manju Kediah; Private sector group ­ Washington World Bank 2005 11.02. Performance of Malagasy Business environment - 764 KB: fig. HABYARIMANA James; Africa region - 06 companies ­ Business environment Investment - Productivity ­ COTTON Linda Madagascar: Evaluation SHA - Factor market: the financial market Financial market ­ Labor of the investment climate and the job market. market - Madagascar 101 Ministry of National program for Antananarivo UNDP 2005 03.03. The private sector's vision of Private sector - Economic 209 KB: fig. Industrialization, Trade private sector support: Madagascar 05 MIC development in Madagascar ­ development ­ Development and Private Sector Logical framework Governing principles of the PNSP II project ­ Development Development. update ­ Main PNSP II elements ­ strategy - Investment Antananarivo Logical framework of the PNSP II promotion - PNSP - sub-programs. Madagascar 102 RAMILISON Eric Business and non-state Antananarivo CREAM 2004 01.02. Characteristics of the reviewed Regional integration ­ 872 KB: tab. Norbert actors perception of 01 companies and non-state actors - Sociological analysis ­ Free regional integration: RAM Perception of the integration to the trade area ­ SADC ­ Research brief and SADC ­ Debate on the integration Economic development ­ economic analysis - to the SADC. Development potential ­ 17 Sept. 2007 Madagascar 103 French Embassy. Madagascar's economic Antananarivo MINEFI- 2006 03.02. Low level of FDIs but a revival of Economy ­ Economic growth 175 KB Economic Missions. and financial situation in DGTPE 01 large projects ­ Growth and inflation ­ Foreign investments ­ Antananarivo 2005 and 2006: AMB slowdown - Aggravation of current Statistical data - Economic November 2006 update deficit on a background of inflation ­ Balance of decreasing exports ­ Budget deficit payments ­ Budget deficit ­ under control nonetheless. Madagascar 104 PIC. Antananarivo Project document: Antananarivo Ministry of 2007 07.10. Context ­ Description of the fishing Agribusiness ­ Fishing ­ 206 KB: fig. Fishing value chain in Economy 01 PIC value chain in Fort Dauphin ­ Development project ­ the Fort Dauphin pole Finance and Targets ­ Institutional framework - Growth pole ­ Feasibility Budget Overall objective of supports to the study ­ Fort-Dauphin Fishing value chain in Fort Dauphin ­ List of partners identified for the fishing value chain in Fort Dauphin. 105 FAOUZI Boujedra Taking the country risk Orleans LEO 2003 18.10. Theoretical framework and literature Foreign direct investments- 1300 KB: fig. into account in the 01 ­ Measuring the country risk ­ Country risk ­ Statistical data settlement choice of FAO Methodological differences ­ ­ Business development ­ FDIs in developing International country risk guide ­ Developing country ­ Survey countries Evolution of foreign direct investment inflows in developing countries ­ Empirical analysis between the country risk 106 Red Island Group Practical investor's guide Tamatave CCIAA 2005 11.02. The different most common Investment ­ Business 801 KB: fig. in Tamatave Tamatave 06 companies in Madagascar - Notions development ­ Labor Laws ­ RED of export processing zone ­ Taxation ­ Economic export Documents needed to create a processing zone ­ company ­ Working authorizations Employment ­ Tourism ­ for foreign residents ­ Business and Toamasina transit visas. 107 Ministry of Industry, Investment environment Antananarivo MICDSP 2006 11.02. The investment environment in Investment promotion ­ 437 KB: fig. Trade and Private in Madagascar: 06 MIC Madagascar ­ Information on the Market study ­ Statistical Sector Development. Information on the buoyant sectors. data ­ Agriculture ­ Fishing - Antananarivo buoyant sectors Mining ­ Computers ­ Business ­ Taxation ­ Madagascar 108 RAZANAKOTO Oméga Assistance to the Antananarivo PIC 2005 07.01. Interview notes ­ Technical Agribusiness ­ Agriculture ­ 536 KB: fig. coordination of the PIC 01 specifications of the value chains. Agricultural product ­ Growth pre-assessment mission RAZ pole ­ Madagascar in the framework of the joint MSME program initiative: Final mission report 109 HALLAM David 2003-2004 Report on the Rome FAO 2004 07.01. Decrease of basic products and International trade ­ Basic 30 cm: fig. product markets 03 reactions of the sector ­ Import commodity prices ­ Statistical HAL costs of food items ­ Market analysis ­ Agribusiness ­ integration and price transmission ­ Agricultural product ­ Food Impact of the DOHA development item ­ Economic analysis ­ cycle ­ Progressiveness of customs Regional integration ­ Non- duties. customs barrier - 18 110 Agrifood Consulting Study on investment and Antananarivo MCA- 2007 11.02. Identification of market opportunities Agribusiness - Market 32900 KB: International. Bethesda market opportunities in Madagascar 06 ACI in Vakinankaratra, in research - Agricultural fig. MCA-Madagascar Amoron'Imania, in Menabe, in investment - Apples - zones: Identification of Atsinanana, in Boeny, in Diana - Potatoes - Milk - Onions - market opportunities - Overall synthesis of opportunities, Geranium oil - Maize - Citrus Report R3: Main text: priorities and cross-cutting - Silk - Honey - Arabica coffee Tome I contraints - Progress during phase - Rice - Beans - Lima Beans 3 - Plan of phase 4. - Crabs - Litchis - Bananas - Sugarcane - Fish farming - Essential Oils - Maritime and Inland Fish - Fibbers - Cocoa - Sea Cucumber - Sheep - Goats - Ecotourism - Growth potential - Vakinankaratra - Amoron'Imania - Menabe - Atsinanana - Boeny - Diana ­ Madagascar 111 Agrifood Consulting Study on investment and Antananarivo MCA- 2007 11.02. Prescreening for market Agribusiness - Market 6360 KB: fig. International. Bethesda market opportunities in Madagascar 06 ACI opportunities identification - Focus opportunities - Agricultural MCA-Madagascar group discussion - Case studies;- marketing - Agroecological zones: Identification of Workshop summaries - Capacity zones - Market study - market opportunities - building activities summary - Vakinankaratra - Report R3: Appendix - Agricultural marketing in Amoron'Imania - Menabe - Tome II Madagascar - Agroecological zones Atsinanana - Boeny - Diana - in the 6 MCA - Madagascar regions Madagascar Values. 112 FAO. Rome Rural invest: A Rome FAO 2004 11.02. Role of the investment pilot studies Agribusiness ­ Rural 30 cm: fig. participatory way of 06 ­ Main aspects to consider when development ­ Methodology formulating and FAO preparing a pilot study ­ ­ Planning method ­ Rural monitoring small rural Preparation and interpretation of a invest ­ Feasibility study ­ investment projects: pilot study Development project ­ Rural Preparation and analysis development of the investment pilot studies 113 MEFB. Antananarivo 2005 Annual report: Antananarivo MEFB 2006 03.02. Creating and promoting economic Activity reports ­ 30 cm: fig. Project monitoring and 03 growth with a very wide social base. Agribusiness ­ Transport evaluation of the MEF infrastructure ­ Energy ­ implementation of Mining ­ Telecommunication national programs n°11 ­ Tourism ­ Project assessment ­ Madagascar 114 Ministry of Industry, Industrial policy Antananarivo Ministry of 2007 08.01. Context and justification ­ Industry ­ Industrial policy ­ 30 cm: tab. Trade and Economy. memorandum Industry, 02 MIN Implementation plan for the Industrial potential ­ Antananarivo Commerce industrial sector of which the main Development strategy ­ and problems and implementation Obstacle to development ­ Economy objectives and strategies Madagascar 115 Ministry of Energy and Mining sectoral policy Antananarivo Ministry of 2007 08.13. Context and justification ­ Mining ­ Mining policy ­ 30 cm: tab. Mining. Antananarivo Energy and 01 MIN Implementation plan for the mining Mineral mining ­ Mining sector of which the main problems Development plan ­ and implementation objectives and Madagascar strategies 19 116 Ministry of Industry, Memorandum on the Antananarivo Ministry of 2007 08.02. Context and justification ­ Crafts ­ Crafts policy ­ 30 cm: tab. Trade and Economy. national policy for crafts Industry, 02 MIN Implementation plan for the crafts Development strategy ­ Antananarivo promotion Trade and sector of which the main problems Obstacle to development ­ Economy and implementation objectives and Madagascar strategies 117 Ministry of Energy and Sectoral policy Antananarivo Ministry of 2007 08.11. Context and justification ­ Energy ­ Energy policy ­ 30 cm: tab. Mining. Antananarivo memorandum: Energy Energy and 01 MIN Implementation plan for the energy JIRAMA ­ Investment ­ Mining sector of which the main problems Madagascar and implementation objectives and strategies 118 Ministry of Environment, Sectoral policy Antananarivo Ministry of 2007 09.04. Context and justification ­ Tourism ­ Tourism policy ­ 30 cm: tab. Water, Forests and memorandum: Tourism Environment, 05 MIN Implementation plan for the tourism Investment promotion ­ Tourism. Antananarivo sector Water, sector of which the main problems Statistical data ­ Investment Forests and and implementation objectives and ­ Madagascar Tourism strategies 119 Ministry of Agriculture, Partnership charter of Antananarivo PNF 2006 07.02. The land reform process ­ Land titling ­ Land titling 1 MB: fig. Livestock and Fishing. the National Land Titling 01 MIN Distribution of competence ­ policy ­ Land reform ­ Land Antananarivo Program Objective of the framework ownership ­ Madagascar agreement ­ Coordination tools of the partners. 2006 120 TESSIER André Contribution to the Antananarivo PNF 2004 07.02. Updated diagnosis of the state- Land titling ­ Land titling 2 MB: ill. elaboration of a public 01 owned land crisis ­ Decentralization policy ­ Land reform ­ Land policy for the securing of TEY of land management. Launching of ownership ­ Land land rights the process to revamp the land administration - Madagascar titling policy 121 Ministry of Agriculture, [PNF] Steering and Antananarivo PNF 2007 07.02. The national land titling program: Land titling ­ Land titling 1 MB: fig. Livestock and Fishing. monitoring committee of 01 MIN Modernizing land titling data ­ policy ­ Land reform ­ Land Antananarivo October 26, 2007: Mid- restructuring land titling services ­ ownership ­ Guichet foncier ­ term report 2007 decentralizing land management ­ Madagascar Renovating land titling and state- owned land regulations. 122 RAKOTOVELO Establishment a Antananarivo PAGU/DEVE 2004 07.05. Studies on the opportunities ­ Development potential ­ 30 cm: fig. Nirinarisoa selection of chains with a CO; CITE 01 Prioritization of the chains by Agribusiness ­ Poultry high local development RAK development actors ­ Apiculture farming ­ Arboriculture ­ potential in chain - Arboriculture chain ­ Apiculture ­ Rural Ambohimahasoa Poultry farming chain development ­ Ambohimahasoa 123 CITE. Antananarivo Study of the apiculture Antananarivo SAHA- 2004 07.09. Bibliography - Annex ­ Regulatory Market research ­ 30 cm chain with a view to FSP/GDRN 02 CIT provisions. Agribusiness ­ Poultry export development: farming ­ Arboriculture ­ Annexes Apiculture ­ Bibliography ­ Madagascar 124 LAGARDE Karine; Study of the apiculture Antananarivo SAHA- 2004 07.09. Main production characteristics ­ Market research ­ Apiculture 30 cm: fig. RAKOTOVELO chain with a view to FSP/GDRN 02 Functioning of the marketing system ­ Honey ­ Export ­ Obstacle Nirinarisoa export development: LAG ­ Taxation ­ Constraints and assets to development ­ Ambositra ­ of the Betsileo region ­ Prospects Recommendations ­ Fianarantsoa Regions Fianarantsoa ­ Ambositra 125 LAGARDE Karine; Study of the apiculture Antananarivo SAHA- 2004 07.09. The different apicultural products Agribusiness ­ Apiculture ­ 30 cm: fig. RAKOTOVELO chain with a view to FSP/GDRN 02 supplied ­ Quantification of the Apicultural product ­ Honey ­ Nirinarisoa export development: LAG supply and regions of origin ­ The Market analysis ­ Obstacle to 20 Marketing ­ the case of different marketing players ­ The development ­ the Antananarivo market selling price ­ Uses of apicultural Recommendations ­ products ­ Relationships and Antananarivo conflicts between the players. 126 CITE. Antananarivo Study of the short-cycle Antananarivo SAHA - 2006 07.09. Assessment of the situation ­ Agribusiness ­ Breeding ­ 30 cm: fig. breeding chain in the Coordination 01 CIT Agricultural farming system ­ Poultry farming - Poultry ­ Ankazobe district Imerina Analyses ­ Suggestions and Market analysis ­ proposals for action. Recommendations ­ Ankazobe 127 RAZANAKOTO Creation of an Antananarivo ESS Agro 2006 07.05. Market study ­ Study of the Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 115 MB: fig. Onjaherilanto agricultural production 05 settlement area ­ Technical studies Butternut squash ­ Market RAKOTOVAO unit based on the RAZ ­ Financial monitoring and study ­ Investment- Rural marketing of butternut evaluation development ­ Madagascar squash 128 RAKOTONIRINA Vero Contribution to the Antananarivo ESS Agro 2005 08.06. Generalities on the java plums, wine Agribusiness ­ Food item ­ 19 MB: ill. Hanitriniony promotion of Eugenia 01 and liqueur ­ Technological studies Java plum ­ Wine ­ Liqueur ­ jambolana or "Rotra" RAK on the java plum juice, wine and Rural development ­ fruits with juices, wine liqueur manufacturing ­ Technical- Feasibility study - and liqueur in the economic feasibility study of a unit Tsiroanomandidy Tsiroanomandidy district to process java plums into juice, wine and liqueur. 129 RAZAFIHARIMANANA Technical-economic Antananarivo ESS Agro 2003 08.01. Generalities ­ Technical study of Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 2 MB: ill. Vonimalalala feasibility study of an 01 the production ­ Market study ­ craft industry ­ Soap- Rural artisanal soap unit RAZ Economic and financial feasibility. development ­ Feasibility study ­ Madagascar 130 FENOHANITRA onja Technical-economic Antananarivo ESS Agro 2006 07.05. Generalities on the potato and on Agribusiness ­ Agricultural 13 MB: ill. Harifetra feasibility study for the 01 the project to set-up an agro- production ­ Potato- certified seed and FEN industrial complex producing Feasibility study ­ controlled potato certified potato seeds ­ Technical Madagascar (solanum tuberosum) development of the conditioning and seed conditioning and of the by-product promotion of promotion of its by- potato seeds ­ Technical-economic products feasibility study. 131 RAKOTOMALALA Technical-economic Antananarivo ESS Agro 2003 07.10. General considerations and Agribusiness ­ Fishing ­ 15 MB: fig. Tojoharivelo feasibility for the set-up 03 monograph of the site ­ Technical Pisciculture ­ Fish ­ Tilapia ­ Mamiharilaza of caged tilapia nilotica RAK and biological study ­ Economic Feasibility study ­ breeding in the Kavitaha and financial study. Madagascar Ampefy lake 132 Ministry of Agriculture, Architecture and Antananarivo Programme 2005 07.02. State-owned land ­ Privately-owned Land titling ­ Land titling 153 KB: fig. Livestock and Fishing. progress of the new land National 01 MIN land ­ Land with specific status. policy ­ Land reform ­ Land Antananarivo titling and state-owned Foncier titling regulation ­ Land land regulation ownership ­ Madagascar 133 Ministry of Agriculture, Draft law governing land Antananarivo Ministry of Agriculture, 07.02. Private property ­ Decentralized Land titling ­ Land titling 92 KB Livestock and Fishing. owned by the State, Livestock and Fishing 01 MIN unit private property. policy ­ Land titling regulation Antananarivo decentralized units and ­ Land reform ­ Land common law legal ownership ­ Madagascar. entities 134 Ministry of Agriculture, Draft law setting the Antananarivo Ministry of [s.d.] 07.02. Definition ­ consistency and legal Land titling ­ Land titling 64 KB Livestock and Fishing. legal regime of public Agriculture, 01 MIN requirement of public land ­ policy ­ Land titling regulation Antananarivo land Livestock Conservation and management of ­ Land reform ­ Land 21 and Fishing public land. ownership ­ Madagascar 135 Ministry of Agriculture, Draft law setting the Antananarivo Ministry of [s.d.] 07.02. Definition ­ consistency and legal Land titling ­ Land titling 202 KB: fig. Livestock and Fishing. legal regime of public Agriculture, 01 MIN requirement of public land ­ policy ­ Land titling regulation Antananarivo land: comment Livestock Conservation and management of ­ Land reform ­ Land and Fishing public land. ownership ­ Madagascar 136 Office of the President of Law N° 2005-019 of Antananarivo Repoblikan'i 2005 07.02. State land ­ State-owned land. Land titling ­ Land titling 107 KB the Republic, October 17, 2005, Madagasikar 01 policy ­ Land titling regulation Antananarivo setting the principles that a PRE ­ Land reform ­ Land govern the status of land ownership ­ State-owned land ­ Madagascar 137 Office of the President of Law n° 2006-031 of Antananarivo Repoblikan'i 2005 07.02. Administrative management of Land titling ­ Land titling 88 KB the Republic, November 24, 2006, Madagasikar 01 private land without a title ­ policy ­ Land titling regulation Antananarivo setting the legal regime a PRE Recognition of property rights on ­ Land reform ­ Land of land without a title land without a title ­ Management of ownership ­ Title deed ­ land without a title. Madagascar 138 Ministry of Agriculture, Decree N° on the Antananarivo MAEP [s.d.] 07.02. Objective of the PNF - Mission of Land titling ­ Land titling 59 KB Livestock and Fishing. creation and the 01 MIN the PNF ­Structure of the PNF policy ­ Land titling regulation Antananarivo institutionalization of the ­ Land reform ­ Land National Land Titling ownership ­ PNF ­ Program (or Programme Madagascar national foncier - PNF) 139 Ministry of Agriculture, Organization chart of the Antananarivo Repoblikan'i [s.d.] 07.02. Modernization component ­ Land reform ­ Land 114 KB: fig. Livestock and Fishing. coordination unit of the Madagasikar 01 MIN Decentralized land management administration ­ Organization Antananarivo Programme national a component ­ Legal component ­ chart ­ Land titling policy ­ foncier Training and communication Land ownership ­ component. Madagascar 140 Ministry of Agriculture, Institutional relations Antananarivo MAEP 07.02. Institutional relations ­ Organization Land titling ­ Land titling 133 KB: fig. Livestock and Fishing. MAEP / DDSF / PNF: 01 MIN chart. policy ­ Land reform ­ Land Antananarivo Start-up phase 2005- administration - Land 2007 ownership ­ Institutional framework ­ Madagascar. 141 Ministry of Agriculture, 2007 Annual Work Antananarivo PNF; Repoblikan'i 07.02. Master plan ­ One-stop-shop ­ Land titling ­ Land titling 3 MB: fig. Livestock and Fishing. Schedule Madagasikara 01 MIN Exchange of service-guichet foncier policy ­ Land administration ­ Antananarivo data Work schedule ­ Institutional framework ­ Madagascar 142 Collectif Territoires and Support to the Malagasy [s.l.] CIRAD 2007 07.02. The political will to reform with a Land titling ­ Land ownership 470 KB: fig. Développement National Land Program ­ 01 focus on the decentralization of land ­ Land reform ­ Guichet Antananarivo For guichets fonciers ® COL management ­ The pillars of foncier ­ Decentralization ­ Système D: Research reform: private property without a Madagascar. project - development of title and communal guichet foncier ­ the fine-tuning of Design a guichet foncier ® système guichets fonciers D: a major stake, a question of accessible to communes research. that do not benefit from international funding 143 Coordination unit of the Report PNF 2006 Antananarivo PNF 2006 07.02. Partners' financial summary ­ Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 145 KB: fig. National Land Program 01 Organization chart of the PNF Development project ­ CEL coordination unit ­ List of fixed Activity report ­ PNF ­ assets. Madagascar. 144 Ministry of Agriculture, Budget SCAC 2007 ­ Antananarivo CCPNF 2007 07.02. Investment ­ Payroll ­ Office Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 31 KB: fig. 22 Livestock and Fishing. Analysis per item 01 MIN operations. Development project ­ Antananarivo Project financing - Activity report ­ PNF ­ Madagascar. 145 ANDRIAMITANTSOA Set-up of a roasting Antananarivo ESS Agro 2007 08.06. Generalities ­ Background of the Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 2 MB: ill. Mbolatiana Haja process for soya in 01 study and experimentations ­ Livestock ­ Poultry farming ­ Toliara and trial for the AND Findings, interpretations and Food item ­ Soya ­ feeding of laying hens economic analyses. Feasibility study ­ Toliara. and broiler chickens 146 RATIANJANAHARY Promotion of prickly pear Antananarivo ESS Agro 2004 08.06. Generalities on prickly pears ­ Agribusiness - Food- 4 MB: fig. Vonindriaka Stella fruits: Review of the 01 Development of preservation processing industry ­ Prickly processing technologies RAT technologies of prickly pear fruits pear ­ Syrup ­ Marmalade ­ applied to marmalade applied to syrup marmalade and Paste ­ Feasibility study ­ syrup and paste; paste ­ Engineering of a processing Madagascar. unit for prickly pear fruits. 147 VOLOLONIAINA Development of soya Antananarivo ESS Agro 2005 08.06. Generalities on soya, milk and the Agribusiness ­ Food- 1 MB: ill. Sylviane Marie milk in dairy: case of 01 Vakinankaratra region ­ Fine-tuning processing industry ­ Soya ­ Samueline "soycheeses " making in VOL the "soycheeses" making technique Cheese ­ Feasibility study ­ the Vakinankaratra ­ Technical-economic feasibility Vakinankaratra. region study of the cheese unit. 148 SCET Tunisie Tunis Development of a Antananarivo PIC 2007 08.16. Objective of the Park ­ Park ICT ­ Computer science ­ 1 MB: ill. business park for 03 components and services ­ Public- Communication ­ information and SCE private partnership. Infrastructure ­ Growth pole ­ communication Feasibility studies ­ technologies in Antananarivo. Antananarivo Madagascar: Development scheme and business plan 149 RAZAKANDISA Study of the commercial Antananarivo Harson Development 09.05. Generalities ­ Selection of Regional integration ­ 1241 KB: fig. Anouchka opportunities in SADC 01 product/country pairs ­ Economic development ­ countries: Rectified final RAZ Madagascar's position at the level Development potential ­ Free report of trade with the SADC ­ trade area ­ Madagascar ­ Opportunities per country ­ SADC. Procedures, standards and general access conditions. 150 Hermes Conseils. Study of the analysis and Antananarivo PIC 2005 11.02. Analysis of the business Growth pole- Investment 30 cm: fig. Antananarivo proposal to upgrade the 06 environment in Madagascar: The promotion ­ Development business environment in HER main constraints to investment ­ potential ­ Economic Madagascar: Findings of the opinion poll ­ Main development ­ identification and obstacles to the implementation of Macroeconomy ­ Opinion ­ definition of the specific the PIC project at the level of the Recommendations ­ incentive instruments in three growth poles. Madagascar. the framework of the Integrated Growth Pole (PIC) project: Final Report 151 SUD CONSEILS & Assessment of the crafts Antananarivo MICDSP 2005 08.02. Historical evolution of crafts in Crafts ­ Market analysis ­ 30 cm: fig. Stratégies, Antananarivo sector in Madagascar: 02 Madagascar ­ Social organization Regulation ­ Development Final Report SUD and artisanal production ­ Legal potential ­ Crafts policy ­ and institutional framework - Recommendations ­ Assessment of the situation of crafts Madagascar. 23 in 2004 ­ The main problems of crafts in Madagascar ­ Opportunities 152 SAHA, Antananarivo Prospects and stakes of Antananarivo MAEP; 2003 08.08. The world market for silk ­ Silk ­ Breeding ­ Textile ­ 30 cm: tab. the Malagasy silk chain: MICDSP 01 Prospects and stakes for the Market ­ Development Report of the round-table SAH development of the Malagasy silk potential ­ Export ­ Economic chain ­ Conclusion ­ Synthesis of prospect ­ Recommendations the commissions' proposals. ­ Madagascar. 153 RAKOTONINDRAINY Contribution to the Antananarivo ESSA 2004 08.06. Pineapple ­ Technological study ­ Agribusiness ­ Food- 10300 KB: Volatiana development of 01 The case of pineapple jam, chutney processing industry ­ fig. pineapple from RAK and paste - Economic study. Pineapple ­ Jam ­ Chutney ­ Arivonimamo: The case Pineapple paste ­ of pineapple jam, Development potential ­ chutney and paste Feasibility study ­ Arivonimamo 154 RANDRIANARISON Contribution to the Antananarivo ESSA 2004 08.06. Pineapple ­ Technological study ­ Agribusiness ­ Food- 7240 KB: fig. Andriamiharisoa development of 01 The case of pineapple wine and processing industry ­ Roberto Christophe pineapple from RAN liqueur - Economic study. Pineapple ­ Development Arivonimamo: The case potential ­ Wine ­ Liqueur ­ of pineapple wine and Feasibility study - liqueur Arivonimamo 155 ZAFIMAHOVA Kemba Contribution to the Antananarivo ESSA 2006 08.06. Presentation of the study ­ Agribusiness ­ Food- 2270 KB: fig. André development of ginger 01 ZAF Technological study of ginger processing industry ­ Ginger from Beforona: The case processing ­ Economic study. ­ Development potential ­ of drying Drying ­ Feasibility study ­ Beforona 156 ANDRIANOMANANA Contribution to Antananarivo ESSA 2005 07.07. Memory problematic­ Working Agribusiness - Agriculture - 52600 KB: Solonaivo upgrading of the quality 09 methodology ­ Description of the Vanilla ­ Development fig. of Malagasy vanilla AND vanilla plant ­ General organization potential ­ Cooperative ­ of the chain ­ The origins of the Market ­ Upgrading the poor quality of Malagasy vanilla ­ plants The conceivable solutions. 157 RAJAONARISON Feasibility study of Antananarivo ESSA 2005 08.12. Generalities on the Lantana camara Agriculture - Agribusiness ­ 17700 KB: Andrinandrianina Lantana camara 05 RAJ from Madagascar ­ Essential oil ­ Lantana fig. Miarihaja essential oil extraction in Characterization of the essential oil camara ­ Development the Amparafaravola extraction from the Lantana camara potential ­ Feasibility study - region: The case of the of Amparafaravola ­ Study on the Amparafaravola company Ranomanitra return of radriaka essential oil extraction by the company Ranomanitra. 158 RAZAMAMPIONONA Technical-economic Antananarivo ESSA 2007 08.06. Generalities on the chanterelle Agribusiness ­ Food 3480 KB: fig. Hantanirina feasibility study of 01 chain ­ Fine-tuning of the processing industry ­ canned chanterelle RAZ manufacturing technique of Chanterelle ­ Development manufacturing in the chanterelle canning ­ Technical- potential - Can ­ Feasibility Analamanga region economic feasibility study of a study ­ Analamanga chanterelle canning unit. 159 ANTSASOA Rivotiana Technical-economic Antananarivo ESSA 2004 08.06. Generalities on cassava ­ Technical Agribusiness ­ Food 2030 KB: fig. feasibility study of a 01 studies ­ Economic studies. processing industry ­ quality cassava flour ANT cassava flour ­ Development production pilot unit in potential ­ Feasibility study ­ the Ambatomanoina- Anjozorobe 24 Anjozorobe region 160 RABEMANOLONTSOA Formulation and Antananarivo ESSA 2005 08.06. Generalities - Formulation - Agribusiness ­ Food 7080 KB: fig. Harifara Fenohasina business plan of a dry 01 Business plan for a dry dog food processing industry ­ Dry dog dog food manufacturing RAB manufacturing unit in Antananarivo. food ­ Development potential unit in Antananarivo ­ Feasibility study ­ Market study ­ Antananarivo 161 RAKOTONIAINA Eric World market for Antananarivo ESSA 2004 08.12. Methodologies - Analysis of the Agribusiness ­ Essential oil ­ 10500 KB: essential oils and 05 exploitable agronomic potential of Development potential ­ fig. development of the RAK existing opportunities and of the World market ­ Market study Malagasy potential world market for essential oils - ­ Madagascar Recommendations. 162 SCET Tunisie Tunis Development of a Antananarivo PIC 2007 19.01. 1. Background of the feasibility Information and 3845 KB: ill. business park for 02 study; 2. Development context; 3. communication technology ­ information and SCE Definition of the supply. Growth pole ­ Potential ­ communication Development plan ­ technologies in Madagascar Antananarivo Madagascar: Assessment of the situation and diagnosis 163 MIGA, Washington Snapshot Africa Washington World Bank 2005 11.03. 1. Study and analysis overview; 2. Foreign Direct Investment - 30 cm: ill. benchmarking FDI 03 MIG Cost and quality Comparisons by Competitiveness ­ competitiveness in Sub- industry sector; 3. Country analysis Comparative Analysis ­ Saharan Africa Industrial Development ­ Sub Saharian Africa 164 MIGA, Washington Snapshot Africa Washington World Bank 2006 11.03. 1. Snapshot Overview and Foreign direct investment - 30 cm: ill. benchmarking FDI 03 MIG Methodology; 2. Country Competitiveness - competitiveness in Sub- Snapshots; 3. Sector Snapshots. Comparative analysis - Saharan Africa Industrial development - Sub Saharian Africa 165 BIT; Geneva Export processing zones Antananarivo BIT 2004 08.08. 1. Socio-economic context in Industry ­ Export processing 30 cm in Madagascar: Project 01 BIT Madagascar; 2. Overall situation of zone ­ Employment ­ to improve productivity the EPZ sector; 3. EPZ legal and Foreign Direct Investment ­ through the promotion of regulatory environment; 4. Main Madagascar's Potential decent jobs stake of employment in the EPZ sector; 5. Workers' rights, working and job conditions in the EPZs; 6. From the overall typology of jobs and labor in EPZs to priority intervention areas; 7. Action plan to improve productivity in the EPZ sector through the promotion of decent jobs; 8. Implementation of the national plan. 166 PNF Antananarivo Diversity of the operating Antananarivo PNF 2005 07.02. 1. Outline of a land titling situation Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 305 KB modes of communal 01 typology; 2. Diversity of land titling Decentralization ­ guichets fonciers PNF problems and diversity of their Methodology ­ Communal treatment; 3. Adapting the guichets guichet foncier ­ Madagascar fonciers' operation to local economic capacities 25 167 PNF Antananarivo Evaluation of GFD Antananarivo PNF 2006 07.02. Excel table Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 48 KB: tabl. finances Nov 2006 01 Development aid ­ Activity PNF report ­ Financial report ­ Madagascar 168 RAHARISON Henri, Design of an update plan Antananarivo PNF 2007 07.02. 1. Rule of law and realities of titled Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 434 KB ROCHEGUDE Alain for titled private property 01 property in 2007; 2. Conceivable Land Laws ­ Title deed ­ PNF solutions; 3. The specific case of Land titling archive ­ Diego II; 4. General Madagascar. recommendations on the position of titled property in the land reform. 169 PNF Antananarivo Certification procedure Antananarivo PNF 07.02. 1. Investigating the request; 2. Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 49,5 KB scheme 01 Public proceedings; 3. Recording; 4. Private property ­ Land PNF Issuance. certificate ­Administrative procedure 170 PNF Antananarivo Title deed / Land titling Antananarivo PNF 07.02. 1. Legal regime and scope of Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 239 KB certificate: Comparative 01 implementation; 2. Concerned Private property ­ Land analysis ­ Summary PNF services and administrative certificate ­ Title deed ­ table management; 3. Guaranteeing Comparative analysis ­ property rights; 4. Granting Administrative procedure ­ procedure; 5. Legal value; 6. Madagascar Usages of the deed; 7. Dispute and contention settlement. 171 PNF Antananarivo Programming the PNF Antananarivo PNF 2005 07.02. 1. The stages of the land titling Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 978 KB start-up phase 01 reform; 2. The PNF programming Land administration ­ PNF process; 3. Axis n°1: Modernizing Decentralization ­ PNF ­ land titling services; 4. Axis n°2: Madagascar Decentralizing land management; 5. Axis n°3: Renovating land titling and state-owned land regulations; 6. Axis n°4: Training for land titling professions; 7. Strategy for the implementation of the Programme national foncier. 172 PNF Antananarivo 2007 annual working Antananarivo PNF 2007 07.02. 1. Main 2007 programming Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 2561 KB schedule 01 orientations; 2. Component N.1: Land administration ­ Plan of PNF Modernizing and restructuring land operation ­ Madagascar titling services; 3. Component N.2: Decentralizing land management; 4. Component N.3: Renovating land legislation; 5. Component N.4: Training & communication; 6. Land titling observatory; 7. Administrative management of the PNF coordination unit. 173 PNF Antananarivo Regions that have opted Antananarivo PNF [s.d.] 07.02. Table list of the Regions Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 47,5 KB for land securing during 01 Region ­ Decentralization ­ the MAP workshops PNF Guichet foncier ­ Development project ­ Madagascar 26 174 RAHARIJAONA Liva Workshop on Antananarivo MICDSP / 2006 09.05. 1. Importance of international trade Trade agreement ­ Tariff 30 cm: [n.p.]é Alain international trade PIC 02 agreements for the private sector; 2. agreement ­ European Union ill. agreements: How can RAH The different types of agreements; ­ Africa ­ Caribbean ­ Pacific the private sector best 3. Summary of the rules governing ­ International trade ­ benefit? multilateral trade and of the rules Development potential governing ACP-UE relations; 4. Latest information on the rules governing international trade and possible impacts on trade. 175 SANCHEZ, Jacques International technical Antananarivo MICDSP / 2006 09.05. 1. Summary of the data related to Aid to development ­ 30 cm: 36 p. Henri assistance to the BNM 05 the political and operational Investment promotion ­ tabl. FNDPC Technical SAN framework of future work; 2. Standardization ­ Quality support unit (or Cellule Detailed description of the control ­ Export ­ FNDPC ­ d'appui technique du meetings; 3. Preliminary orientation Madagascar. FNDPC - Forum National brief on the « Product certification » de Développement et de approach. Politique Commerciale) ­ National Forum for the Trade Development and Policy: Support to the Standardization and Quality Control Program of the Export Chains (or Appui au Programme de normalisation & contrôle qualité des filières d'exportation) 176 Mining Journal, London Madagascar: Mining London Mining 2004 08.13. The geology of Madagascar - A Mine- Ore ressources - Ore 2,21 MB; fig. journal Communicati 01 MIN tradition of precious stones - Mining exploration - Orel Policy ­ ons Ltd policy - Mineral resources Madagascar governance project - Major operators - New mining investments. 177 BRGM, Antananarivo Master plan for the Antananarivo Ministry of 1985 02.01. Proposals for research that have Mine ­ Mining policy ­ 574 KB; fig. actions to promote Industry 03 reached the stage of deposit and Geological exploration ­ Madagascar's land and Energy and BRG feasibility studies ­ Programs to Master plan ­ Feasibility underground resources Mining implement in the framework of the study ­ Madagascar. main current mining ­ Proposals for « upstream » prospecting ­ Proposals for research in the area of substances ­ Proposals for various studies. 178 PNF Antananarivo Communes to endow Antananarivo PNF [s.d.] 07.02. Table list of Communes Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 388 KB with a guichet foncier 01 Decentralization ­ Regional PNF agency ­ Communal guichet foncier ­ Commune ­ Madagascar 179 PNF Antananarivo Request for a guichet Antananarivo PNF [2006] 07.02. Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 311 KB foncier in 2006 01 Decentralization ­ Regional PNF agency ­ Communal guichet foncier ­ Commune ­ 27 Madagascar. 180 PNF Antananarivo National Land Fund Antananarivo PNF [s.d.] 07.02. Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 37 KB concept 01 Land administration ­ PNF National Land Fund ­ Madagascar. 181 PNF Antananarivo Land reform and Antananarivo MAEP [s.d.] 07.02. Land titling services: current and Land titling ­ Land 1,02 MB; fig. restructuring of the land 01 future functions ­ Land titling administration ­ titling services: Ideas PNF services: functions and actions and Decentralization ­ Regional and proposals future structures ­ Long-term land agency ­ Madagascar. reform on the structuring of land titling services. 182 PNF Antananarivo Master scheme for the Antananarivo MAEP 2007 07.02. A master scheme: What for? Land titling ­ Land reform - 1,64 MB; fig. restructuring and 01 Strategy for the modernizing and Land administration ­ modernizing of land PNF the restructuring of land titling Development strategy ­ titling services services ­ The actions to implement Master scheme ­ - Implementation. Madagascar. 183 FTHM Conseils. Design of the Antananarivo MAEP; PNF; 2007 07.02. Assessment of the situation of Land titling ­ Research report 4,95 MB; fig. Antananarivo outsourcing plan for the MCA 01 public surveying services - ­ Land reform ­ Surveying surveying and cadaster FTH Assessment of the situation of the service ­ Outsourcing ­ service and study of the profession of surveyor - Training ­ Madagascar. status of training Recommendations for the institutions: Diagnosis outsourcing of public surveying report services. 184 FIT Conseil Regional land titling Antananarivo MAEP; PNF; 2007 07.02. The ongoing land reform ­ Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 1,16 MB; fig. Antananarivo operations in the MCA 01 FIT Methodological framework. Decentralization -Regional Amoron'i Mania, the agency - Amoron'i Mania - Menabe and Menabe - Vakinankaratra ­ Vakinankaratra regions Madagascar 185 PNF Antananarivo Support to the Antananarivo MAEP [s.d.] 07.02. Program of action ­ Estimated Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 895 KB; fig. modernizing of the East 01 budget ­ Financing plan ­ Technical Modernizing ­ Regional Coast land titling PNF and administrative implementing agency ­ Atsinanana region ­ services with "Support to modalities. Madagascar the Coordination Unit of the National Land Program 186 PNF Antananarivo Terms of reference: Antananarivo MAEP 2006 07.02. Context ­ Objectives ­ Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 2,48 MB; fig. Modernizing and 01 Implementation strategy ­ Tasks to Strategy ­ Modernizing ­ decentralizing land PNF carry out / Description of the Decentralization - administration: Regional activities ­ Positioning of the Vakinankaratra - Amoron'i Land operation consultant - Expected results ­ Mania - Menabe ­ (Vakinankaratra, Implementation schedule ­ Profile Madagascar. Amoron'i Mania, of specialty ­ Resources ­ Menabe) Confidentiality ­ Control of the services. 187 RAVOHITRINANIAINA Contribution to the Antananarivo ESS Agro 2003 08.12. Description of the Aloe Macroclada Agribusiness ­ Cosmetics 30 cm: 110 Herilanto promotion of the 08 ­ Processing the Aloe Macroclada industry ­ Essential oil ­ p.: fig. Macroclada from RAV leaf ­ Cosmetics - Utilization of Aloe Toiletries ­ Aloe macroclada Madagascar in Macroclada in cosmetics evaluation ­ Development potential ­ cosmetics: the case of of finished products and economic Feasibility study ­ hair care products studies. Madagascar. 28 188 RANDRIANASOLO Industrial production Antananarivo ESS Agro 2003 08.06. Generalities on chili ­ Chili in Agribusiness ­ Food 30 cm: Hanitriniaina Tantely technique of the bird's 01 Vietnam ­ Analysis of the chili processing industry ­ Agro- 99+XXV p.: eye chili in Vietnam and RAN chain. industry ­ Bird's eye chili ­ fig. development possibilities Plant ­ Development of this crop in potential ­ Feasibility study ­ Madagascar Madagascar. 189 FINDRAMA Marinjava Support to food- Antananarivo ESS Agro 2003 08.06. General context of the study and Agribusiness ­ Food 30 cm: 100p.: Luc Elson processing micro- 01 FIN generalities ­ Methodology of the processing ­ Small enterprise fig. enterprises survey and generalities on the ­ Small industry ­ Flour ­ processing/distributing production of flour and general Development potential ­ flour-based products and theory of the assessment criteria ­ Feasibility study ­ Toliara technical-economic Support to micro-enterprises that study of the settlement of process/distribute flour-based food a semi-industrial flour items in the town of Toliara ­ production unit: the case Technical-economic study of a of the town of Toliara semi-industrial flour production unit. 190 SADC Gaborone SADC Trade Protocol Gaborone SADC 2003 09.05. Definitions and objectives ­ Trade International trade ­ Regional 30 cm: 74p. 02 of goods ­ Customs formalities ­ integration ­ Customs union ­ SAD Trade legislations ­ Issues relating SADC ­ Madagascar ­ to trade-related investment ­ Other Southern Africa issues relating to trade ­ Other substantial provisions ­ Trade relations between member states and third parties ­ Institutional mechanisms and dispute settlement procedures. 191 HTSPE, Hampshire Adaptation strategy for Antananarivo MICDSP 2006 08.06. Brief overview of Madagascar's Industry ­ Agribusiness ­ 30 cm: 68 p.: the sugar sector in 01 sugar chain ­ Objectives ­ Sugar cane ­ Development fig. Madagascar: Progress HTS Assessing the national regional strategy ­ Market study ­ report contexts ­ Adaptation strategy. Madagascar. 192 EDBM Antananarivo Sheet relating to the Antananarivo EDBM 07.02. Reference Texts ­ Documents to Land titling ­ Land reform ­ 16 KB: fig. authorization for 01 deposit at the GUIDE ­ Maximum Land regime ­ Foreign foreigners to purchase ECO surface area authorized per activity investment ­ Land purchase land sector. ­ Public property service ­ Madagascar. 193 Ministry of Economy, Madagascar: Growth Antananarivo DGE 2006 02.01. Primary sector ­ Secondary sector Economic growth ­ Growth 62 KB: fig. Finance and Budget rate per activity sector 01 MIN ­ Tertiary sector. rate ­ Economic activity ­ 2003-2007 Investment ­ Consumption ­ Madagascar 194 Government The global context for Antananarivo Vice- [s.d.] 11.02. Problems and context ­ How does a Mining ­ Oil product ­ 71 KB: fig. Madagascar mining and President 06 company select a country to invest Hydrocarbon ­ Investment hydrocarbons: Office GOU in? ­ Best investment promotion promotion ­ Foreign Understanding and practices. investment ­ Development attracting foreign direct potential ­ Madagascar investment (FDI) 195 AGOA Jumpstart The American market for Antananarivo USAID 2004 08.02. Market description ­ Buyer types ­ Crafts ­ Export ­ American 1 MB: fig. Antananarivo crafts products: a guide 02 Product design ­ Marketing market ­ Market study ­ for Malagasy exporters AGO products and trade fairs ­ Setting Marketing ­ United States prices, payment, shipment, packaging, samples ­ Groups of resources for crafts. 29 196 AGOA Jumpstart The American market for Antananarivo USAID 2004 08.08. The AGOA and the global textile Industry ­ Textile ­ American 888 KB: fig. Antananarivo textile and apparel 01 market ­ Market structure and market ­ Development AGO buyer types - Product design ­ potential ­ Madagascar ­ Marketing products and trade fairs ­ United States. Setting prices, payment, shipment, packaging ­ Samples, quality tests and special requirements. 197 MIGA, Washington Snapshot Africa - Washington World Bank 2007 11.02. Textile ­ Apparel ­ Horticulture - Foreign direct investment - 1 MB: ill. Madagascar: 06 MIG Food and Beverage Processing - Competitiveness - Textile Benchmarking FDI Shared Services ­ Tourism. industry - Agribusiness - Competitiveness Service industry - Tourism - Free economic zones - Competitiveness ­ Madagascar. 198 World Bank. Washington Doing business 2008: Washington IFC 2007 11.02. Starting a business - Dealing with Economy - Investment - 326 KB: ill. South African 06 licenses - Employing workers - Business creation - Job - Development WOR Registering property - Protecting Business financing - Taxation Community (SADC). investors - Paying taxes - Trading - Exports - Southern Africa. across borders - Enforcing contracts - Closing a business - Getting credit. 199 World Bank. Washington Doing business 2008: Washington IFC 2007 11.02. Starting a business - Dealing with Economy - Investment - 326 KB: ill. Madagascar 06 licenses - Employing workers - Business creation - Job - WOR Registering property - Protecting Business financing - Taxation investors - Paying taxes - Trading - Protecting investment - across borders - Enforcing contracts Madagascar - Closing a business. - Getting credit. 200 World Bank. Washington Africa development Washington World Bank 2006 11.02. Moving from the Year of Africa to Economic indicator - 1 MB: fig. indicators 2006 06 the Decade of Africa - Basic Macroeconomy - Economic WOR indicators and national accounts growth - Economic Millennium Development Goals - development - Africa Development outcomes ­ Household Welfare. 201 MICDSP. Antananarivo National Program for Antananarivo PNUD 2005 02.01. The private sector's vision of Economic development - 1,21 MB: fig. Private Sector support 03 MIC development in Madagascar ­Main investment promotion ­ (or Programme national sectors of the PNSP update ­ Main Private sector ­ National d'appui au secteur privé elements of the PNSP II ­ Logical policy ­ Development ­ PNSP): Logical framework of the PNSP II sub- strategy ­ Madagascar framework programs. 202 MICDSP. Antananarivo Implementation report: Antananarivo PNUD 2004 02.01. Investment promotion ­ Economic development - 1,10 MB: fig. List of sub-programs 03 MIC Deregulating initiatives ­ Support to investment promotion - companies. Private sector ­ National policy ­ Development strategy ­ Activity report - Madagascar 203 MICDSP. Antananarivo National Program for Antananarivo PNUD 2005 02.01. Diagnosis ­ Strategies. Economic development - 808 KB: fig. Private Sector support ­ 03 MIC investment promotion ­ PNSP - Update: Private sector ­ National synthesis policy ­ Development strategy ­ Madagascar 30 204 FTHM Conseils. National policy for the Antananarivo PNUD; 2007 02.01. SMEs in Madagascar ­ The MAP Industrial policy ­ Small 1,27 MB: fig. Antananarivo promotion of SME's: MICDSP 03 and the major macroeconomic enterprises ­ SME ­ Proposed policy vision FTH objectives for Madagascar ­ Investment promotion ­ and strategic axes: Final Proposals for a development vision Development strategy ­ report of SMEs in Madagascar ­ Policy Activity report ­ Madagascar statement ­ Strategic axes for the promotion of SMEs 205 FTHM Conseils. National policy for the Antananarivo PNUD; 2007 02.01. Analysis of the current situation of National policy ­ SME ­ 13,8 MB: fig. Antananarivo promotion of SME's: MICDSP 03 SMEs in Madagascar ­ Diagnosis Obstacle for development ­ Part 1: Analysis the what FTH of the problems of SMEs in Market study ­ Development already exists: Final Madagascar ­ Analysis of existing strategy ­ Madagascar report support in favor of SMEs ­ Studies and sectoral modeling ­ Regional analysis ­ Market analysis ­ Comparative analysis 206 MICDSP. Antananarivo Project for a partnership Antananarivo MICDSP 2006 01.02. Project for the support of business International cooperation ­ 30 cm: 40 p. with the Indian 01 MIC development Aid to development ­ tabl. Government Investment promotion ­ Obstacle to development ­ Madagascar ­ India 207 PIC. Antananarivo Debriefing document of Antananarivo PIC 2006 01.02. 1. Impact of Madagascar's Economic development ­ 30 cm: [n.p.]; the studies on "The 01 PIC membership to the SADC Trade Regional integration ­ ill. impact of Madagascar's Protocol; 2. How to maximize the Customs union ­ Potential ­ membership to the benefits of Madagascar's SADC Madagascar ­ Southern SADC Trade Protocol": membership. Africa "How to maximize the benefits of Madagascar's SADC membership " 208 Projet Cadre intégré Official document of the Antananarivo MCT / 2006 09.04. 1. Context and objectives of the Tourism ­ Ecotourism ­ 30 cm: [n.p.]; « National conference on MENRES / 05 PCI national conference on sustainable Development project ­ tabl. sustainable tourism » MICDSP tourism; 2. Proposed action plan Project planning ­ validated by the participants during Madagascar the plenary meeting; 3. Conclusion. 209 Mahazoasy Roger Tourism investor Antananarivo Ministry of 2003 09.04. 1. Country factsheet; 2. New Tourism ­ Development 30 cm: 57p.; handbook: Madagascar tourism 05 Economic policy context in potential ­ Business ill. MAH Madagascar; 3. Tourism sector; 4. development ­ Regulation ­ Investment framework; 5. Madagascar. Information for the different categories of investors. 210 Global Development Integrated value chain Antananarivo World Bank / 2007 08.01. 1. Executive summary; 2. Economic analysis - Value 30 cm: 194p. analysis of strategic PIC 01 Objectives and scope of Work; 3. chain - Industry - Fishery - ill. industries in Madagascar GDS Integrated Value Chain Analysis. Agribusiness - Telecommunication - Tourism - Private investment - Madagascar 211 AGOA Jumpstart The American market for Antananarivo USAID [s.d.] 12.08. 1. Import regulations for spices and Agribusiness ­ Export ­ 1314 KB Antananarivo natural products: A guide Madagascar 01 essential oils in the United States; Natural product ­ American for Malagasy exporters AGO 2. Commercialization and marketing market ­ Market study ­ of natural products in Madagascar; Regulation ­ Madagascar ­ 3. Directory of selected Malagasy United States. natural products buyers and 31 importers; 4. Conditions that must be met to import in the Untied- States. 212 ANDRIAMBOLOLONIAI Practical study of the Antananarivo ESSA 2005 07.10. Methodology ­ Market analysis, Agribusiness - Agriculture - 3060 KB: fig. NA Nirina creation of a piscicultural 03 technical and financial analyses ­ Pisciculture ­ Market study ­ Fanomezantsoa station (in the rural AND Avenue for consideration of the Development potential ­ commune of Anosiala - strategy, organizational aspect - Anosiala ­ Ambohidratrimo. district of Future expansion. Ambohidratrimo) 213 ARIJAONA Voahangy German economic Antananarivo MAEP 2006 07.01. Madagascar's geographical Investment promotion - 4651 KB: fig. delegation: Investment 01 ARI potential ­ Investment environment Agribusiness - Agricultural opportunities in ­ Export possibilities. opportunities - Foreign agricultural sector investment - Regulations - Statistical data ­ Madagascar. 214 Union internationale des 2002 Report on the Genève Office for the 2002 08.16. Presentation of the new word of Telecommunication ­ 900 KB télécommunications. development of development 04 UNI telecommunications - Impacts of the Information and Geneva telecommunications of roll-out of new means of communication technology ­ throughout the world: telecommuni communication. Mobile telephony ­ Sectoral Reinventing cations (or reform. telecommunications - Bureau de Summary développeme nt des télécommuni cations) 215 French Embassy. Information and Antananarivo French 2006 08.16. Status of the information and Telecommunication ­ Fiber 213 KB: fig. Economic Missions. communication Embassy 04 MIS communication technology sector in optic ­ Information and Antananarivo technologies (ICT) in Madagascar ­ Madagascar's communication technology ­ Madagascar: Synthesis integration into the current Globalization ­ Madagascar card globalization process 216 French Embassy. The telephony market in Antananarivo French 2007 08.16. Information relating to the telephony Telecommunication ­Mobile 332 KB: fig. Economic Missions. Madagascar: Synthesis Embassy 04 MIS sector in Madagascar ­ General telephony ­ Regulation ­ Antananarivo card information on the various TELMA ­ Madagascar operators' ongoing projects. 217 Ministry of National policy brief for Antananarivo MTPC 2006 08.16. The main objectives to guarantee Telecommunication ­ 233 KB: fig. Telecommunications, the telecommunication 03 MIN an efficient and affordable Development plan ­ Post and and ICT sector communication system ­ Regulation ­ Privatization ­ Communication. Telecommunication infrastructure Sectoral reform ­ Antananarivo development: the national backbone Madagascar ­ Promotion of the partnership with the private sector and set-up of new infrastructures at national and at international levels. 218 GARCIA VITTORIA The ICT penetration in [s.l.] [s.e.] 2006 08.16. The context in favor of high Telecommunication ­ 27 KB; file Laura Madagascar 03 bandwidth in Madagascar ­ The Information and GAR set-up of national fiber optic in a few communication technology ­ regions of Madagascar by TELMA ­ Fiber optic ­ High bandwidth Economic weakness of regions. ­ Development project ­ Madagascar. 219 GRET Madagascar: Energy [s.l.] GRET 2006 08.11. Overall energy context ­ National Energy ­ Electricity ­ Rural 48 KB; file context 02 rural electrification strategy ­ The electrification ­ Sectoral 32 GRE actors of rural electrification. reform ­ Madagascar. 220 RANDRIAMBOLA Poverty reduction and Toliara MEM - 2005 08.11. Poverty reduction through improved Energy ­ Electricity ­ Rural 1 MB: ill. Voahirana planning the sustainable Fondation 01 access to energy ­Planning and electrification ­ Development access to energy: Rural Energies RAN designing rural electrification project ­ Renewable energy ­ electrification through pour le programs based on renewable Toliara ­ Fianarantsoa. renewable energy: Monde. energies ­ Principles of the Provinces of Toliara and approach to pursue to make the Fianarantsoa implemented strategy efficient both at the technical and the organizational levels. 221 Energy sector Energy and poverty Washington World Bank; 2004 08.11. The importance of the energy sector Energy ­ Energy source ­ 15 MB: fig. management assistance reduction ­ Report on PNUD 01 to fight poverty ­ The role of the Optimal cost of energy ­ programme. Washington the multisectoral and ESM energy sector in contributing to Fight against poverty ­ multi-beneficiary achieving priorities in other sectors Development project ­ workshop: How do in terms of economic and social Prospects modern energy services development. The various actions of contribute to poverty the energy sector vis-à-vis the other reduction? sectors ­ Future prospects. 222 Ministry of Energy and Policy of the energy Antananarivo MEM [2003] 08.11. The status of the energy sector in Energy ­ Sectoral reform ­ 82 KB Mining. Antananarivo sector in Madagascar 01 MIN Madagascar ­ The actions for Regulation ­ Development reform ­ The situation of and the project ­ Renewable energy ­ constraints on the energy sector in Obstacle to development ­ Madagascar ­ Strategies and action Recommendation ­ plans to implement in the area of Madagascar energy sector reform. 223 Ministry of Energy and Development policy for Antananarivo MEM 2002 08.11. Presentation of the status and of the Energy ­ Renewable energy 74 KB Mining. Antananarivo renewable energies in 01 MIN constraints on the energy sector ­ ­ Sectoral reform ­ Energy Madagascar Reform program ­ Presentation of infrastructure ­ Madagascar renewable energies and of their respective potential. 224 French Embassy. Electricity in Antananarivo French 2007 08.11. The position of electrification vis-à- Energy ­ Electricity ­ 206 KB: fig. Economic Missions. Madagascar: Summary Embassy 02 MIS vis the national priority in force ­ A National power consumption Antananarivo brief presentation with figures of the ­ Development strategy ­ electrification rate between 2001 Madagascar and 2005 ­ A strategy plan regarding the development of the energy sector. 225 French Embassy. Oil sector: Import and Antananarivo French 2006 08.11. Status of the oil sector in Energy ­ Oil ­ Hydrocarbon ­ 222 KB: fig. Economic Missions. distribution Embassy 06 MIS Madagascar ­ Access conditions to Regulation ­ Power supply ­ Antananarivo the sector activities. Madagascar 226 WWF. Antananarivo Sustainable Antananarivo BAMEX 2007 08.11. The biofuel sector in Madagascar ­ Energy ­ Biofuel- Jatropha ­ 33 KB development of biofuels 06 Measures to consider developing Foreign investment ­ in Madagascar BAM sustainable bio fuel investments in Biodiesel ­ Bioethanol ­ Madagascar ­ Worthy measures to Madagascar be respected to ensure the development of a policy and of an incentive framework for the sustainable development of biofuels. 227 Ministry of Energy and Renewable energies in Antananarivo MEM 2006 08.11. Status of and constraints on the Energy ­ Renewable energy 180 KB: fig. 33 Mining. Antananarivo Madagascar 01 MIN energy sector in Madagascar ­ ­ Obstacle to development ­ Objective of the energy sector in Development potential ­ Madagascar - Promotion of Madagascar renewable energies. 228 United Nations System. Madagascar: Joint Antananarivo United 2003 14.04. Country profile ­ Analysis of the Madagascar ­ Demography ­ 1 MB: fig. Antananarivo assessment of CCA Nations 01 main development problems: Food Food ­ Education ­ Health ­ countries SNU security ­ Education ­ Health and Environment ­ Energy ­ nutrition ­ HIV/AIDS ­ Environment Water supply ­ Development ­ Energy ­ Water/Sanitation ­ projects Natural disasters ­ Governance ­ Economic infrastructures ­ Cooperation framework. 229 Telecom Malagasy. Project presentation Toliara TELMA [s.d.] 12.06. General presentation of the project Telecommunication ­ 87 KB Antananarivo sheet: Radio link 01 TEL ­ Technical information on the Telephone network ­ National between Taolagnaro and report ­ Project side-effects ­ backbone ­ Fiber optic ­ Toliara Project preparation by TELMA. Digital radio link - Taolagnaro - Toliara - Madagascar 230 Analamanga Region. Regional development Antananarivo Analamanga 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 11 MB: ill. Antananarivo plan: Analamanga Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ Region REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Development potential ­ axes ­ Development plan. Urbanization ­ Analamanga ­ Madagascar 231 Amoron'i Mania Region. Regional development Ambositra Amoron'i 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 62 MB: ill. Ambositra plan: Amoron'i Mania Mania 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ Region Region REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Development potential ­ axes ­ Development plan. Agriculture ­ Crafts ­ Amoron'i Mania 232 Androy Region. Regional development Ambovombe Androy 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 58 MB: ill. Ambovombe Androy plan: Androy Region Androy Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Ore mining - axes ­ Development plan. Androy ­ Madagascar 233 Anosy Region. Regional development Taolagnaro Anosy 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 13 MB: ill. Taolagnaro plan: Anosy Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Ore mining ­ axes ­ Development plan. Fishing resources ­ Anosy ­ Taolagnaro ­ Madagascar 234 Atsimo andrefana Regional development Toliara Atsimo 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 190 MB: ill. Region. Toliara plan: Atsimo andrefana andrefana 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ Region Region REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Ore mining - axes ­ Development plan. Fishing resource ­ Atsimo Andrefana ­ Toliara ­ Madagascar 235 Bongolava Region. Regional development Tsiroanoman Bongolava 2004 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 9 MB: ill. Tsiroanomandidy plan: Bongolava Region didy Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Cattle ­ 34 axes ­ Development plan. Environment ­ Bongolava ­ Tsiroanomandidy ­ Madagascar 236 DIANA Region. Regional development Antsiranana Diana 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 30 MB: ill. Antsiranana plan: Diana Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Forest axes ­ Development plan. resources ­ Environment ­ DIANA ­ Antsiranana ­ Ambanja ­ Nosibe ­ Ambilobe ­ Madagascar 237 Haute Matsiatra Region. Regional development Fianarantsoa Diana 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 20 MB: ill. Fianarantsoa plan: Haute Matsiatra Region; 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ Region SAHA; Pact REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ Madagascar potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Insecurity ­ Ore axes ­ Development plan. mining ­ Madagascar ­ Haute Matsiatra ­ Fianarantsoa 238 Ihorombe Region. Ihosy Regional development Ihosy Ihorombe 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 75 MB: ill. plan: Ihorombe Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­Self- potential ­ Strategic development sufficiency agriculture ­ axes ­ Development plan. Insecurity ­ Madagascar ­ Ihorombe ­ Ihosy 239 Itasy Region. Miarinarivo Regional development Miarinarivo Itasy Region 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 49 MB: ill. plan: Itasy Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Infrastructures ­ axes ­ Development plan. Madagascar ­ Itasy ­ Miarinarivo 240 SAVA Region. Sambava Regional development Sambava SAVA 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 3 MB: ill. plan: SAVA Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Madagascar ­ axes ­ Development plan. Sambava ­ Antalaha ­ Vohemar ­ Andapa 241 Sofia Region. Antsohihy Regional development Antsohihy Sofia Region 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 38 MB: ill. plan: Sofia Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Madagascar ­ axes ­ Development plan. Sofia ­ Antsohihy 242 Vakinankaratra Region. Regional development Antsirabe Vakinankarat 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 120 MB: ill. Antsirabe plan: Vakinankaratra ra Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ Region REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Industry ­ axes ­ Development plan. Madagascar ­ Anstirabe ­ Vakinankaratra 243 Vatovavy Fitovinany Regional development Manakara Vatovavy 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 599 KB: ill. Region. Manakara plan: Vatovavy Fitovinany 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ Fitovinany Region Region REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Industry ­ 35 axes ­ Development plan. Madagascar ­ Vatovavy Fitovinany ­ Manakara 244 Analanjirofo Region. Regional development Fenerive Est Analanjirofo 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 7 MB: ill. Fenerive Est plan: Analanjirofo Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Cattle ­ Ore axes ­ Development plan. mining ­ Tourism ­ Madagascar ­ Analanjirofo ­ Fenoarivo antsinanana 245 Atsimo Atsinanana Regional development Farafangana Atsimo 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 19 MB: ill. Region. Farafangana plan: Atsimo Atsinanana Atsinanana 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ Region Region REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Infrastructure ­ axes ­ Development plan. Madagascar ­ Atsimo Antsinanana ­ Farafangana 246 Atsinanana Region. Regional development Toamasina Atsinanana 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 54 MB: ill. Toamasina plan: Atsinanana Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Natural disaster axes ­ Development plan. ­ Infrastructure ­ Madagascar ­ Toamasina 247 Betsiboka Region. Regional development Maevatanana Betsiboka 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 129 MB: ill. Maevatanana plan: Betsiboka Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Ore mining ­ axes ­ Development plan. Fishing ­ Infrastructure ­ Madagascar ­ Betsiboka ­ Maevatanana 248 Boeny Region. Regional development Mahajanga Boeny 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 11 MB: ill. Mahajanga plan: Boeny Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Agriculture ­ Fishing ­ axes ­ Development plan. Madagascar ­ Boeny ­ Mahajanga 249 Melaky Region. Regional development Maintirano Melaky 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 47 MB: ill. Maintirano plan: Melaky Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­Wind potential ­ Strategic development energy ­ Livestock ­ Fishing axes ­ Development plan. ­ Ecotourism ­ Madagascar ­ Melaky ­ Maintirano 250 Menabe Region. Regional development Morondava Menabe 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 93 MB: ill. Morondava plan: Menabe Region Region 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­ potential ­ Strategic development Livestock ­ Fishing ­ Tourism axes ­ Development plan. ­ Madagascar ­ Morondava ­ Menabe 251 Alaotra Mangoro Regional development Ambatondraz Alaotra 2005 02.01. Development methodology ­ Region ­ Development plan ­ 318 MB: ill. Region. plan: Alaotra Mangoro aka Mangoro 01 Presentation of the region ­ Monograph ­ Statistics ­ Ambatondrazaka Region Region REG Development constraints and Recommendations ­Rice potential ­ Strategic development growing ­ Natural resources axes ­ Development plan. ­ Fishing ­ Madagascar ­ 36 Alaotra ­ Mangoro ­ Ambatondrazaka 252 World Bank. Implementation Antananarivo World Bank 2006 08.11. Project data - Principal performance Development projects - Rural 251 KB: fig. Antananarivo Completion Report on a 02 ratings - Achievement of objectives electrification - Renewable credit in the amount of WOR and outputs - Major factors affecting energy - Rural development - US$46 Million to the implementation and outcome ­ Progress reports ­ Republic of Madagascar Sustainability - Bank and borrower Madagascar. for an energy sector performance - Lessons learned - development project Partner comments. 253 Helimax énergie. Strategic study of wind [s.l.] African 2004 08.11. Source assessment in Africa ­ Energy ­ Wind ­ Electricity ­ 833 KB: ill. Montreal energy roll-out in Africa: Development 01 Analysis of countries with good wind Renewable energy ­ Energy Strategic plan for the roll- Bank; HEL potential ­ Strategic plan for the roll- potential ­ Africa out of wind energy in Canadian out of wind energy in Africa. Africa International Development Agency 254 French Embassy. The mining sector Antananarivo French 2007 08.13. The large mining projects ­ Mining Mine ­ Mineral resource ­ 231 KB: fig. Economic Missions. Embassy 01 MIS products ­ Legal framework. Mining investment ­ Mining Antananarivo code ­ Ore mining ­ Madagascar 255 Technical and economic Feasibility study of the Antananarivo French 2005 08.13. General framework of the study and Mine ­ Gemology ­ Gold ­ 555 KB: fig. information center. establishment of gold Cooperation 01 diagnosis ­ Role and mission of the Mining ­ Mining product ­ Antananarivo trading posts: Summary CEN gold trading posts ­ Proposed Gold trading post ­ system. Madagascar 256 SIAM. Andranondambo Environmental Toliary CCE SIAM 2005 08.13. General requirements ­ Mine ­ Ore mining ­ Mining 53 KB: fig. specifications of the 01 Environmental monitoring ­ Social extraction ­ Waste Australian investment SOC integration. management ­ company in Madagascar Environmental protection ­ (S.I.A.M.) sapphire Madagascar ­ Toliary ­ mining project Anosy. Andranondambo rural commune of Maromby Anosy region Tuléar province 257 SARRASIN Bruno Economics of mining [Québec] Fonds 2006 08.13. Development case study in the Mine ­ Development project ­ 399 KB: fig. development in québécois de 01 South-East region of Madagascar ­ Industrial development ­ Ore Madagascar: QMM la recherche SAR Feasibility study of a high-grade mining ­ Economics ­ project analysis in sur la société ilmenite tar sand mining project ­ Environmental protection ­ IT Tolagnaro (Fort et la culture Infrastructure program. Madagascar Minerals ­ Dauphin) Madagascar ­ Tolagnaro 258 UIT. Genève News of the ITU: The (GenÈve] International 2003 08.16. The Digital Access Index ­ Factors Telecommunication ­ 2 MB: ill. global status of ICTs telecommuni 03 UIT that have an influence on access to Information and cation Union ICTs - Infrastructure ­ Economic communication technology ­ affordability. Digital Access Index ­ Internet ­ Infrastructure. 259 World Bank. Washington Integrated framework of Antananarivo World Bank; 2003 01.01. Expectations of the government Foreign direct investment ­ 55 KB trade-related technical PNUD 01 from the integrated framework ­ Development project ­ assistance for least- BAN Integrated framework Infrastructure ­ Madagascar. developed countries: implementation strategy. National workshop report 37 260 French Embassy. Rice in Madagascar Antananarivo French 2006 07.05. The importance of rice and rice- Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 167 KB: fig. Economic Missions. Embassy 05 MIS growing ­ Characteristics of rice- Rice-growing ­ Market study Antananarivo growing ­ Circumstances and ­ Madagascar. prospects. 261 French Embassy. Sugar in Madagascar Antananarivo French 2006 07.05. Overall situation ­ Privatization of Agribusiness - Agro-industry 205 KB: fig. Economic Missions. Embassy 05 MIS the SIRAMA - Sites of the SIRAMA ­Sugar ­ SIRAMA ­ Market Antananarivo - Productions - Prospects. study ­ Madagascar. 262 RANDRIANJOHARY The partnerships Antananarivo World Bank 2003 07.01. Contextual analysis ­ Diagnosis - Agribusiness ­ Economics ­ 194 KB: fig. Alain Pierre between agro-industry 01 Suggestions and recommendations. Agro-industry ­ Investment ­ and producers: The case RAN Agricultural professional of Madagascar association ­ Partnership ­ Madagascar 263 French Embassy. The dairy chain in Antananarivo French 2007 07.09. Presentation of the dairy production Agribusiness ­ Cattle ­ Milk ­ 170 KB: fig. Economic Missions. Madagascar Embassy 05 MIS ­ Processors in the dairy sector ­ Agro-industry ­ Market study Antananarivo Prospects. ­ Madagascar 264 French Embassy. The fruits and Antananarivo French 2006 07.05. Overall framework ­ Fruit Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 184 KB: fig. Economic Missions. vegetables chain in Embassy 01 MIS production ­ Truck farming Fruits and vegetables ­ Antananarivo Madagascar production ­ Constraints. Market study ­ Madagascar 265 French Embassy. Overview of agriculture Antananarivo French 2006 07.01. Presentation of the agricultural Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 191 KB: fig. Economic Missions. in Madagascar Embassy 01 MIS sector ­ Food-producing agriculture Truck farming ­ Export crop ­ Antananarivo ­ Truck farming crops ­ Agricultural Agricultural equipment ­ equipments ­ Dynamics of the Madagascar actors 266 Projet de gouvernance Feasibility study of the Antananarivo Ministry of 2003 16.02. Review of the existing workforce ­ Mine ­ Mining industry ­ 1 MB: fig. des ressources settlement of an Energy and 02 MIN Supply in uncut stones - Investment Gemology ­ Market study ­ minérales. Antananarivo industrial lapidary in an Mining - Status of foreign investors- Export processing zone ­ export processing zone workers-buyers. Feasibility study ­ Madagascar 267 Ministry of Energy and Feasibility study of the Antananarivo MEM 08.13. Location of the trading post ­ Mine ­ Ore mining ­ Buying 2 MB: fig. Mining. Antananarivo gem trading post: Final 01 MIN Management of the trading post ­ post ­ Feasibility study ­ report Parameter of the legal framework ­ Madagascar. Definition of the operationalizing of the trading post. 268 WETZENSTEIN Legal and economic [s.l.] ITC; Project 2001 08.13. Economic and social context ­ Mine ­ Ore mining ­ 2 MB: fig. Wolfgang requirements for small consult 01 Macroeconomic policy ­ Production Processing industry ­ Mining downstream mining GmbH WET sector ­ Taxation ­ Investment code ­ Gemology ­ Mining companies and climate for downstream mining industry ­ Feasibility study ­ industries in Madagascar companies and industries ­ Madagascar. Motivation for a better investment climate. 269 POLTI Dominique; Interreg Program "Land [s.l.] CIRAD 2004 07.02. The context of land securing in Land ­ Land development ­ 460 KB: fig. RAHARISON Henri; securing and 01 Madagascar ­ Quick reminder of Land ownership ­ Land ROBERT Stéphane Development in POL the genesis of the program. reform ­ Madagascar. Madagascar": Program evaluation for the 2004- 2006 period 270 Ministry of agriculture Land policy statement Antananarivo MAEP 2005 07.02. Inventory of land regulation ­ Land ­ Land development ­ 258 KB livestock and fishing. 01 MIN Objectives of the land policy ­ Land policy ­ Land ownership Antananarivo Orientation and strategic axes of the ­ Land reform ­ Cadaster ­ land policy ­ Implementation of the Land administration ­ 38 land policy. Madagascar. 271 EIFERT Benn; Private sector [s.l.] World Bank 2004 11.02. The situation of the manufacturing Investment ­ 805 KB: fig. RAMACHANDRANé competitiveness and Group. Africa 06 EIF industry in Africa ­ The business Competitiveness ­ African Vijaya development in Africa: A Region. environment ­ Setting overall economy ­ Business World Bank comparative Private benchmarks. financing ­ Investment analysis of investment sector unit climate ­ Africa climate data 272 Sehatra iombonana Summary report on the Antananarivo CIRAD; 2004 07.02. Problems - Suggestions Land ­ Land ownership ­ 76 KB: fig. momba ny fananantany. open-house on land = Intercoopérat 01 Land legislation ­ Land Antananarivo Mankaiza ihany ity ion; SAHA; SEH reform ­ Madagascar. fananantany ity FIFATA 273 Investment and Procedure manual Antananarivo GUIDE [s.d.] 07.02. Sheet relating to long leases of Land ­ Land ownership ­ 129 KB business development relating to leases and 01 GUI state-owned land ­ Sheet relating to Foreign investment ­ Long one-stop-shop (or land purchase for foreign the purchase authorization of land ease ­ Procedure manual ­ Guichet unique des investors by foreigners. Madagascar. investments et de développement des entreprises). Antananarivo 274 CIRAD. Antananarivo; Design study of a land Antananarivo MCA 2006 07.02. General framework for the Land ­ Land ownership ­ 724 KB: fig. Land Ressources. observatory: Final report 01 CIR implementation of the observatory ­ Land reform ­ National land Antananarivo Monitoring evaluation and impact program ­ Madagascar. indicators and criteria ­ Institutional mechanism of the observatory. 275 Ministry of agriculture The PNF between Antananarivo PNF 2007 07.02. Status of the demand for guichet Land ­ Land ownership ­ 121 KB livestock and fishing. regional MAP and 01 MIN foncier ­ Response capacity ­ Land policy ­ Regional Antananarivo institutional constraints Delay management. Development Plan ­ and or how to meet the reform ­ Guichet foncier ­ demand for guichets Madagascar. fonciers in 2007 ?: Strategic orientation brief 276 Ministry of Agriculture, 2006 PNF Activity report Antananarivo PNF 2007 07.02. Modernizing and restructuring land Land ­ Land ownership ­ 2 MB: ill. Livestock and Fishing. 01 MIN services ­ Decentralizing land Land reform ­ Communal Antananarivo management ­ Renovating land guicher foncier ­ and state-owned land regulation ­ Madagascar. Training and communication. 277 Ministry of Agriculture, Practical guide for Antananarivo PNF 2007 07.02. Decentralizing land management ­ Land ­ Land ownership ­ 5 Mo Livestock and Fishing. decentralized land 01 MIN Transferring land management to Land reform ­ Communal Antananarivo management commune level ­ Creating a guicher foncier ­ communal guichet foncier ­ Decentralization - Managing land and topographical Madagascar. information. 278 Cabinet GERCO. Report on the projects Antananarivo MCA 2007 01.01. Analysis per chain ­ Set-up of an Agribusiness ­ Feasibility 2é46 MB: fig. Antananarivo prefeasibility studies: 06 intercommunal market for small study ­ Ruminants ­ Ambato-Boeny District ­ CAB ruminants ­ Development of a Pisciculture ­ Mango ­Hydro- Boeny Region grazing area for small ruminants ­ agricultural infrastructure ­ Set-up of a drying and processing Food preserve ­ Refrigeration unit for mangoes ­ Rehabilitation of ­ Ambato-boeny ­ the Antanandava track. Madagascar. 39 279 Consortium GCD/X2Z. Report on the projects Antananarivo MCA 2006 01.01. Note on the process of the review Agribusiness ­Demography ­ 306 KB: fig. Antananarivo prefeasibility studies: 06 mission ­ Summary of the Dabara Hydro-agricultural Mahabo District ­ CON Project - Actions to conduct infrastructure ­ Feasibility Menabe Region immediately in the Dabara study ­ Rice-growing ­ Dry perimeter ­ Actions to conduct legumes ­ Sugar-cane ­ immediately in the entire area Recommendations ­ Dabara (Mahabo District and Dabara ­ Menabe ­ Mahabo ­ perimeter). Madagascar. 280 Cabinet GERCO. Report on the projects Antananarivo MCA 2007 01.01. Project n.1: Installation of a seed Agribusiness - Agriculture ­ 2é23 MB: fig. Antananarivo prefeasibility studies: 06 multiplying center in Amboditavolo Rural development ­ Vatomandry District - CAB mainly for maze and rice seeds - Feasibility study - Atsinanana Region Project n.2: Creation of a cold store Infrastructure ­ Seeds ­ unit in Vatomandry - Project 3: Maze ­ Rice-growing ­ Food Creation of a cage manufacturing preserve ­ Refrigeration ­ unit for this. Pisciculture ­ Agricultural equipments ­ Sugar-cane ­ Ethanol ­ Antsinanana region ­ Vatomandry ­ Madagascar. 281 Cabinet MDP. Report on the projects Antananarivo MCA 2006 01.01. PROJECT 1: Fruit and vegetable Agribusiness - Fruits and 2é89 MB: fig. Antananarivo prefeasibility studies: 06 packaging and storing pilot unit. vegetables ­ Slaughterhouse Antsirabe II District - CAB PROJECT 2: Rehabilitation of the ­ Agricultural infrastructure ­ Vakinankaratra Region Andranotobaka dam - PROJECT 3: Rural electrification ­ Seed ­ Electrification of the Rural Feasibility study ­ Rural Commune of Ambatomena - development - PROJECT 4: Production unit of fruit Vakinankaratra - Antsirabe ­ seedlings. Madagascar. 282 Association Report on the projects Antananarivo MCA 2006 01.01. Project 1: Site development and Agribusiness - Agriculture - 1é42 MB: fig. ACCADEMIS. prefeasibility studies: 06 building site development and set- Infrastructure ­ Maze ­ Rice- Antananarivo Ambatofinandrahana ASS up of squad with vehicles. Project 2: growing ­ Seed production ­ District ­Amoron'i Mania Seed production center - Project 3: Agricultural infrastructure ­ Region Rehabilitation of the hydro- Crafts ­ Feasibility study ­ agricultural network and extension Market study - Amoron'i of the Mahavanona perimeter - Mania - Ambatofinandrahana Project 4: Construction. - Madagascar. 283 Cabinet GERCO. Report on the projects Antananarivo MCA 2007 01.01. Project 1: Hydroelectrical Agribusiness ­ Rural 3é38 MB: fig. Antananarivo prefeasibility studies: 06 development of the Haute Ramena development ­ Feasibility Ambanja District - CAB site - Project 2: Rehabilitation of the study ­ Agriculture ­ DIANA Region road to the Haute Sambirano - Infrastructure ­ Madagascar Project 3: Rehabilitation of the ­ DIANA ­ Ambanja. Ambanja-Antsatsaka road - Project 4: Hydroagricultural development of the Bemaneviky perimeter ­ Project. 284 RAKOTOVELO Study on the duck chain Antananarivo Programme 2002 07.09. - Objectives - Methodology ­ Status Agribusiness ­ Livestock ­ 379 KB: fig. Nirianarisoa; in Madagascar: SAHA 02 of the supply ­ Status of the Trade ­ Duck ­ Foie gras ­ RANDRENALIJAONA Summary Intercoopérat RAK demand - Organization of the chain Market studies ­ Fanja; ion - Impacts of the crisis ­ Main Madagascar. ANDRIAMANALINAé constraints on the chain ­ Feno Development prospects - Recommendations. 40 285 LAGARDEé Karine; Study on the apiculture Antananarivo CITE 2004 07.09. - Context of the apiculture chain ­ Agribusiness ­ Livestock ­ 309 KB: fig. RAKOTOVELO chain in view of export 02 Summary analysis elements - Apiculture - Trade ­ Export ­ Nirinarisoa development: Summary LAG Recommendations. Feasibility study ­ and recommendation ­ Madagascar. Final report 286 BAMEX. Antananarivo Development of a Antananarivo BAMEX 2005 07.05. Contexts and objectives - Agribusiness - Agro-industry 313 KB business plan for the 05 Description of the project ­ Potato ­ Small industry ­ Potato ­ settlement of a potato BAM grading process ­ Required Feasibility study ­ post-harvest processing infrastructures and equipments ­ Vakinankaratra ­ unit in the Required staff ­ Financial Madagascar Vakinankaratra region requirements ­ Financial forecasts. 287 BAMEX. Antananarivo Feasibility study of a cold Antananarivo BAMEX 2005 07.05. Contexts and objectives ­ Review Agribusiness ­ Food 488 KB; fig. store for fruits and 05 of the supply and demand ­ preservation ­ Refrigeration ­ vegetables in the BAM Technical aspects of the cold store Fruits ­ Vegetables ­ Vakinankaratra region ­ ­ Human resource plan ­ Financial Feasibility study ­ The case of a 160m3 forecast. Madagascar ­ store Vakinankaratra. 288 MICDSP. Antananarivo Implementation report: Antananarivo CEP-PNUD 2004 02.01. A- Qualitative assessment of the Business development ­ 590 KB National program for 03 MIC impacts of the different sub- Economic assistance ­ private sector support ­ programs - Business environment ­ Investments ­ Economics ­ Volume 2: Analysis of Access to financing ­ Human Customs policy ­ Zero-rating the sub-program impacts resource capacity building ­ Market ­ Leasing ­ Microfinance ­ access ­ Strengthening of the Assistance in education ­ support services - Evolution of the Standardization ­ constraints. Infrastructure ­ B- Quantitative assessment of the Telecommunication ­ result indicators ­ Determinants of Sociological analysis ­ the investments. Access of Madagascar. businesses to financing ­ Measures taken in terms of tax and customs provisions ­ Measures taken in terms of market access ­ Sectoral initiatives. 289 National Land Tenure Terms of reference - Antananarivo MAEP 2007 07.02. Background - General objective of Real property - Land reform - 4,46 Mo Program. Antananarivo Modernizing and 01 land tenure reform - General Decentralization - decentralizing land NAT strategy: pairing of the Dematerialization - Cadastral administration: Regional modernization of the land services map - Terms of reference - Land Operation - with a process of decentralization of Atsinanana - Boeny - Diana ­ Regions of Atsinanana land management - Tasks to Antananarivo Boeny and Diana and accomplish/ description of activities the Land jurisdiction of - Positioning of the consultant - Antananarivo Expected results - Implementation calendar - Competency profiles ­ Means - Monitoring of the services. 41 ANNEX 3: EXPORT POTENTIAL OF MALAGASY PRODUCTS Table 1: Largest sources of export growth by country between 2003 and 2006 By country By product By country/product Intensive margin 80% of accounted by: 40% of accounted by: 34% of accounted by: EU Petroleum oils EU petroleum oils US Stamps & paper EU stamps paper China Precious and semi-precious stones EU cotton jerseys India Women's trousers EU men's cotton shirts Thailand Cotton pullovers US women's trousers Hong Kong Coffee China wood Mauritius Men's cotton shirts Thailand (semi-) precious stones (decline) 98% of accounted by: 86% of accounted by: 79% of accounted by: US Vanilla US vanilla EU Petroleum oils EU vanilla Mauritius Cloves Mauritius petroleum oils Singapore Pullovers of man-made fibers Singapore cloves Switzerland Men's trousers US pullovers of man-made fibers Japan Frozen shrimp US pullovers of cotton Canada Cotton pullovers Switzerland vanilla South Africa Men's singlets EU men's trousers (decline) 94% of accounted by: 86% of accounted by: 82% of accounted by: EU Aircraft EU aircraft South Africa Women's trousers South Africa women's trousers US Cotton Morocco turbo jets Morocco Turbo jets Hong Kong vanilla Thailand Vanilla EU cotton Hong Kong Frozen shrimp Thailand frozen shrimp China Sugar Panama sugar Mauritius Men's trousers Mauritius cotton Extensive margin 70% of accounted by: 47% of accounted by: 42% of accounted by: Switzerland Chromium ores Switzerland chromium ores EU Petroleum oils Thailand petroleum oils US Turbo propellers Morocco turbo propellers China Men's cotton shirts EU plain cotton weave Morocco Plain cotton weave EU men's cotton shirts Thailand Frozen shrimp EU garments of man-made fibers South Africa Garments of man-made fibers China wood Mauritius Aerials EU fresh fish 93% of accounted by: 55% of accounted by: 48% of accounted by: EU Aircraft South Africa aircraft South Africa Men's garments of man-made South Africa helicopters US fibers EU polypropylene Mauritius Helicopters US garments of man-made fibers Hong Kong Polypropylene EU scrap precious metals China Scrap precious metal EU garments of man-made fibers Comoros Men's pyjamas US men's pyjamas Japan Prepared shrimp Mauritius plain cotton weave 100% of accounted by: 94% of accounted by: 94% of accounted by: Jordan Denim Jordan denim Mayotte Printing machinery Mayotte printing machinery Rwanda Telephonic switching equipment Rwanda telephonic equipment Angola Prepared foods Mayotte prepared foods Cayman Islands Tanks and vats Mayotte tanks and vats Burkina Faso Tubes, pipes and hoses Mayotte tubes, pipes and hoses Mali Rice Angola rice Libya Electrical capacitors Cayman islands electrical capacitors 42 Table 2: Export market penetration at HS-6 digit level All products No. of products Actual no. of Potential no. of Export market exported in 2006 export export penetration (%) relationships in relationships in 2006 2006 1 2 3 4 Madagascar 1,945 5,686 188,364 3.0% Botswana 2,721 5,508 258,092 2.1% Chile 3,410 22,206 319,588 6.9% Indonesia 4,271 55,150 379,993 14.5% Korea, Rep. 4,353 84,915 387,352 21.9% Malawi 1,210 3,037 119,433 2.5% Mauritius 2,580 7,970 248,996 3.2% Mozambique 1,616 3,315 157,070 2.1% Namibia 3,393 9,264 313,540 3.0% Senegal 1,799 5,785 173,863 3.3% Seychelles 286 464 28,615 1.6% Singapore 4,440 87,330 397,910 21.9% South Africa 4,681 88,770 410,860 21.6% Tanzania 1,621 4,254 151,771 2.8% Uganda 1,494 3,436 144,413 2.4% Zambia 1,731 3,377 165,437 2.0% Source: UNCOMTRADE. Table 3: Madagascar export market penetration at HS-6 digit level by destination market Destination Export value No. of Potential no. of Export market Regional market US$ millions products export products penetration in market 2006 exported to by importing destination (%) (% of total) destination market in 2006 in 2006 Main export destinations EU 517 (62%) 1,389 1,945 71.4% European US 147 (18%) 334 1,943 17.2% N. American China 22 (3%) 111 1,933 5.7% Asian India 12 (1%) 68 1,885 3.6% Asian Japan 14 (2%) 234 1,938 12.1% Asian Singapore 20 (2%) 44 1,926 2.3% Asian Thailand 16 (2%) 57 1,933 2.9% Asian Switzerland 11 (1%) 135 1,941 7.0% European Hong Kong 10 (1%) 69 1,892 3.6% Asian Canada 10 (1%) 116 1,945 6.0% N. American Regional markets South Africa 10 (1%) 329 1,929 17.1% SADC Botswana 0.0 2 1,905 0.1% SADC Malawi 0.0 2 1,691 0.1% SADC/COMESA Mozambique 0.1 9 1,784 0.5% SADC Namibia 0.0 1 1,901 0.1% SADC Tanzania 0.2 59 1,828 3.2% SADC Zambia 0.0 29 1,803 1.6% SADC/COMESA Egypt 0.7 13 1,748 0.7% COMESA Ethiopia 0.0 2 1,776 0.1% COMESA Mauritius 14 (2%) 450 1,868 24.1% SADC/COMESA Seychelles 2.4 42 1,646 2.6% COMESA Sudan 0.4 6 1,616 0.4% COMESA Uganda 0.0 5 1,794 0.3% COMESA Source: UNCOMTRADE. 43 Table 4: Madagascar export market penetration at HS-6 digit level by major product Product code Product description Export value No. of Potential no. of Export market HS6-digit US$ millions country importing penetration by 2006 markets country markets product (%) (% of total) exported to in 2006 in 2006 030613 Frozen shrimp 118 (14%) 11 100 11.0% 620462 Women's trousers 49 (6%) 16 104 15.4% 090500 Vanilla 47 (6%) 18 94 19.1% 160414 Tuna 44 (5%) 1 104 0.8% 271000 Petroleum 42 (5%) 35 106 33.0% 620342 Men's trousers 31 (4%) 14 106 13.2% 490700 Stamps & paper 29 (3%) 1 95 1.1% 090700 Cloves 27 (3%) 31 102 30.4% 710310 (Semi-) precious stones 21 (3%) 24 68 35.3% 610910 T-shirts 18 (2%) 26 106 24.5% 611020 Cotton pullovers 16 (2%) 17 98 17.3% 180100 Cocoa beans 13 (2%) 5 77 6.5% 261000 Chromium ores 13 (2%) 6 56 10.7% 090111 Coffee 13 (2%) 7 101 6.9% 620520 Cotton shirts 13 (2%) 16 105 15.2% 081290 Preserved fruit 12 (1%) 6 86 7.0% 611420 Knitted cotton garments 11 (1%) 14 98 14.3% 621410 Shawls 11 (1%) 12 100 12.0% 330129 Essential oils 10 (1%) 15 103 14.6% 440710 Coniferous wood 8 (1%) 9 103 8.7% Source: UNCOMTRADE. 44 ANNEX 4: AN OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETS NORMS AND STANDARDS At the global level, the SPS agreement determines the requirements according to which WTO member states can adopt and implement sanitary or phytosanitary measures having an incidence on international trade. A sanitary and phytosanitary measure is defined as a measure used to: · Protect, on the Member's territory, animal health and life or to preserve plants from risks following from the entry, the establishment or the dissemination of pests, diseases, disease-carrying organisms or pathogenic organisms; · Protect, on the Member's territory, human and animal health and life from the risks from additives, contaminants, toxins or pathogenic organisms present in food items, beverages or animal feed; · Protect, on the Member's territory, human health and life from risks following diseases carried by animals, plants or products thereof, or the entry, establishment or dissemination of pests; · Stop or limit, on the Member's territory, other damages ensuing from the entry, establishment or dissemination of pests. 1 Any regulation adopted for other purposes, even if they concern the preservation of plants and the protection of human and animal life, are considered as coming under the agreement on technical barriers to trade (TBT). Concluded in Marrakech in 1994, the agreement on the implementation of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures contains the rules of procedure governing the formulation and the implementation of sanitary (animal health, food sanitary safety) and phytosanitary (plant protection) measures in international trade. The main objective of the SPS agreement being to limit sanitary and phytosanitary hindrance to international trade, it strictly delimits the conditions for action, so that the measures taken do not constitute disguised trade restriction measures. WTO members are entitled to take any SPS measure as long as they comply with the following obligations (article 2): · Necessity test: to apply the necessary measure to protect health or preserve plants · Scientific justification: the measure must be based on a scientific risk assessment. · Non-discrimination: Members must not establish discrimination between countries where identical or similar conditions exist. · Lesser trade restriction: when several measures offering the same level of sanitary protection, exist, the one which hinders trade the least is to be preferred. · Transparency in the notification of measures: Members are obliged to notify all the draft SPS measures of which the implementation can have an impact on international trade. Furthermore, a reasonable delay must be respected before the measure is implemented, to allow other Members to address their remarks and, if need be, state the difficulties the measure gives rise to. All the countries identify a "focal point", the office authorized to answer any request for information on national SPS measures, including decisions based on the above-mentioned « risk assessment ». The precaution principle is featured in the SPA agreement (article 5.7): « In cases when relevant scientific evidence is insufficient, a Member can temporarily adopt sanitary or phytosanitary measures based on the available relevant data, including those emanating from the competent international organizations as well as those ensuing from sanitary or phytosanitary measures 1 SPS Agreement, available at www.wto.org. 45 applied by other Members. In such circumstances, the Members will strive to obtain the necessary additional information to conduct a more objective risk assessment and will examine the sanitary or phytosanitary measure accordingly within a reasonable timeframe ». The agreement aims, in the long term, at the harmonization of sanitary and phytosanitary measures at the international level. Special treatment is recognized for DCs. These will benefit from a longer delay or, possibly, from specified exceptions that are limited over time (article 10). They can receive technical assistance (article 9). The SPS agreement specifically refers to three bodies: the Codex alimentarius, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the International Plant Protection Convention (CIPV). The norms defined by these bodies are not mandatory. However, the Codex standards are used by the WTO to settle disputes. Furthermore, the standards of these three bodies are used by DCs to establish their own legislation. First the Codex Alimentarius Commission, an organization created in 1963 under the dual supervision of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization ­ FAO ­ and the World Health Organization ­ WHO -. It develops standards, guidelines, utilization codes and recommendations namely on the innocuousness of food items. It coordinates the work on food standards by governments and non-governmental organizations. It sets the good practice codes. Secondly, the World Organisation for Animal Health2, created in 1924, elaborates standards, guidelines and recommendations concerning animal diseases, including those that are communicable to man (zoonoses). The OIE plays a major role of epidemiological information in the animal field, in relation with the WHO when the stakes pertain to human health, which is the case for numerous zoonoses such as the avian flu. The OIE promulgates lists of countries or regions that are infected by the diseases. These lists can then serve countries to ban imports from the infected areas or countries. Finally, the International Plant Protection Convention, adopted in 1951, develops international norms relating to plant health, in order to prevent the propagation and the introduction of organisms harmful to plant and plant products. The Convention provides a framework for international cooperation, harmonization and technical exchange between contracting parties through the National and Regional Organizations for Plant Protection. In addition to public standards, we are witnessing the development of private standards (Henson 2005 and 2006). An increasing number of industrialized country suppliers now require the adoption of international management systems like the ISO 9000 standards (see box 1) for quality management or the ISO 22000 and HACCP system for food sanitary safety, ISO 14000 for environmental management, or SA 8000 (ISO 26000) relating to social management. Private standards are not subject to a WTO notification under the SPS agreement. 2 Formerly the Office International des Epizooties, renamed in May 2003, it has kept the acronym OIE.1 46 Box 1. The ISO standards The objective of the International Standardization Organization or ISO, created in 1947, is to produce international standards in the industrial and commercial fields, called ISO standards. These standards are useful to industrial and economic organizations, regulatory authorities, compliance assessment professionals, suppliers and buyers of goods and services. In the food-processing industries framework, the important ISO standards first include the series of ISO 9000 standards dealing with quality management systems and include: ISO 9000: Main principles and terminology. ISO 9001: Requirements applicable to processes (working method and way of responding to client requirements) that have an influence on product and service quality. ISO 9004: Guidelines to upgrade performances. The series of ISO 14000 standards indicates the set of standards related to environmental management. ISO 14001 is applicable to processes having an influence on the environmental performance of a company. The ISO/CEI 17025 standards concern the competence of standardization and testing laboratories. Finally, the ISO 22000 standard covers food safety. This new international standard contains the seven principles that are called « HACCP » (see box) plus the ISO 9001 standard. Source: www.iso.org Among the quality control systems, we can mention the three key systems: The private Good Practice guides. These give the details of the manufacturing conditions and processes that, with experience, have proven to be the best in terms of production safety and quality. One of the best known and most commonly used ones is the EUREP Good Agricultural Practices and packaging good practices for fruits and vegetables code3 (see box 2). The hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP). Created in the 60s, the HACCP system has gradually imposed itself as an essential tool used by public and private sector professionals. The UE has adopted the HACCP principles for processing operations carried out off-farm, for meat- based products in 1992 and for all processed food items in 19934. The last revision of the community legislation on hygiene in 2002 gave a new impetus to the HACCP system, which has today become a favored management tool for public and private organizations SPS policy (see box 3). The quality-insurance standards. Joining the standards established by the International Standards Organisation (ISO 9000, see box 1) and the European Standard (ES 29000) ensures that the groups and industries linked to the food chain comply with well-documented and well­ established processes. 3 In addition to GlobalGAP, there are also other private standards to a distributor -Tesco Nature's Choice, Marks and Spencer Field to fork, Carrefour Filière Qualité, Auchan Filière Agriculture Raisonnée - or to a group of distributors (British Retail Consortium, BRC, Safe Quality Food 2000 in the United States). 4 Relate to the preparation, processing, manufacturing, packaging, storage, transport, distribution, handling and sale stages (93/43/CEE) 47 Box 2. The EUREPGAP1/GlobalGAP Code The « Global Partnership for Safe and Sustainable Agriculture » initiative was launched in 1997 by a group of experts from leading European distribution brand names (EUREP). Its objective is to promote the harmonization of environmental and food health standards for fruits and vegetables before they are marketed. The current version of the Eurep code has been approved by the partners intervening in all the fruit and vegetable food chain. Today, 25 countries (120 firms and organizations) worldwide host local offices for good agricultural practice certification organizations, temporarily approved by the Eurep. The certification bodies issue certificates to producers' associations or individual producers that apply the recommended standards. The terms of reference of the GlobalGAP code consist in meeting the concerns of consumers regarding food safety, the health and well-being of animals, environmental protection and the well-being of employees by: Favoring the adoption of commercially viable agricultural assistance programs which foster reducing agro-chemical inputs to the minimum both in Europe and worldwide; Defining a global framework of good agricultural practices enabling to pinpoint the existing quality insurance methods and standards, notably traceability; Providing the necessary guidelines to permanently improve production conditions, the development and understanding of best practices; Establish a single and recognized independent control framework; Launching communication campaigns and open consultations with consumers and key partners, including producers, exporters and importers. Source: CTA study, 2003 www.eurep.org. Notes: 1 Since September 2007, EUREPGAP is now called Global GAP. These quality control systems used in the food industry, private group standards, are not mandatory ­ they do not have a force of law ­ but, in practice, importers who are anxious to minimize risks, only source from exporters who meet the terms and conditions and have a compliance certificate with the recommendations of these codes. On the exporter side, these private standards are the necessary conditions to have access to high-end markets like Northern- European markets requiring the GlobalGAP standard. And these high-return markets can be crucial for countries with high production and transport costs. 48 Box 3. The hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) system Whereas traditional quality insurance programs focus on problems identified in the finished product, the HACCP - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points - system consists in a systematic and preventive approach that targets the production system itself. The six targeted aspects by preliminary programs to an HACCP approach are: Local: Exterior, Buildings, Sanitary facilities, Water, Steam and Ice quality program. Transport and Storage: Transport vehicles, Temperature control, storage of received materials, non-food chemical products and finished products. Equipment: General equipment design, Equipment installation, Equipment maintenance and calibration. Staff: Training, Hygiene and Health requirements. Sanitation and Pest control: Sanitation program, Pest control program. Withdrawals: Withdrawal program ­ Distribution statements. The seven fundamental principles of the HACCP system. The HACCP system is a pro-active technique which rests on seven principles which aim at locating the hazards associated to food production, at controlling them at critical control points of the process. Analyzing the hazards and listing the preventive measures to control them. Determining the critical control points. Setting the limits at each critical control point. Defining the corrective measures to take in case of a deviation. Instituting procedures to check that the systems are functioning properly. Establishing monitoring procedures at the critical control points. Setting up an efficient maintenance of files where all procedures and statements relating to these principles and their implementation are featured. The HACCP certification allows: The guarantee of food innocuousness Uniform quality Better cost control International recognition Better export and growth opportunities An improved management process An increased productivity Source: http://www.quali-conseil.com/systeme-haccp.html 49 ANNEX 5: ASSESSMENT OF THE LABOR LAWS Breach of work contract: (improper breach: ART 16 Detailed and explicit, Employers (particularly ­ 30; without legitimate grounds, e.g.: =/= Code, the Code does not SMEs and micro- collective labor agreement, policies and procedures make provisions for businesses) are always trade union membership, ===> damages left to the specific complaining of the appreciation of the relevant jurisdiction (JC) implementation texts. complexity of the Due to the employer, by dismissal dismissal procedures. Due to the worker, by resignation And the inconsistency By common agreement of the parties of the different In the case of a force majeure, left to the JC's interpretations of some appreciation of the provisions of the Laws, of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and of the Labor Jurisdiction can sometimes cause problems. Note that up to this day, there does not seem to be any seriously organized archives on the jurisprudence of labor disputes within the MFPTLS. There certainly would be a book analyzing this jurisprudence these recently published by the Senior Magistrate of the Supreme Court of Madagascar, but it is only an external source of information. Notice of contract cancellation for the Open-ended Decree N° 2007 ­ 009 According to the Contract (or Contrat à Durée Inderterminée ­ CDI): establishing the agreement of the ART 18 - 19 conditions and the concerned parties, Either of the parties can decide to stop the CDI. This length of the CDI contracts, the collective cancellation is dependent on a notice given by the party cancellation advance agreements can that initiates the cancellation notice increase, but can in no Except for a case of a gross misconduct provided for in The notice is an case reduce, the length the policies and procedures of the company, or failing obligation for the of the notice as that, left to the appreciation of the Jurisdiction, any worker or employer to presented in the table open-ended contract (CDI) cancellation, without notice inform the other party below. or if the deadline has not been fully observed prevails of its decision to end In practice, the for the party liable to pay an « indemnity » to the other the CDI. problems frequently party. The notice duration arise from the depends on the implementation of the worker's seniority in measures related to the the company and on cancellation notice the professional which always lies category. During the notably in the trial period, neither the appreciation of the employer nor the legitimate nature of the worker is subject to the motives that make up notice obligation. the dismissal of an In accordance with employee. Workers Article 18 of the Labor thus dismissed bring 50 Laws, the party that the case to the level of takes the initiative of the Occupational Safety cancelling the contract and Health can free itself from the Administration, and, if obligation to carry out their request is rejected, the notice set in the appeal to the "Labor current Decree with an Court" (or Tribunal de immediate payment to travail) and they the other party of an frequently requiring indemnity equal to the very high damages. benefits of all kinds that the worker would have acquired during the statutory duration of the notice, except for the reimbursement of costs. SPECIAL CONTRACT CATEGORIES The contract must be Decree not yet Apprenticeship contract: ART 31 ­ 34 recorded in writing on published: It is a contract through which a head of an industrial, penalty of nullity; According to the commercial or agricultural institution, a craftsman, or a (signed by the parents, explanation of the manufacturer or any professional, commits to tutor for a minor. Head of the Vocational providing or have provided a methodical and complete Apprentices under Training Promotion vocational training to another person, called the eighteen years old are Service (or Chef de « apprentice » of the former, who must in return not allowed to work Service de la conform to the instructions that he/she receives and overtime. An employer Promotion de la carry out the work entrusted to him/her in the can only hire an Formation framework of his/her apprenticeship. apprentice after the Professionnelle) apprenticeship contract (recently named has been stamped by the through Ministerial Health and Safety Order dated April 14th Inspector responsible for 2008), the Directorate the activity of the of employment and company. vocational training at A Decree issued after the MFPTLS recently advice from the CNT became aware of this sets the granting and "legal gap" ­ following agreement withdrawal certain complaints conditions; the from apprentices. We substantive conditions, will notably note the the form and the effects lack of statistical data of the apprenticeship on apprentices contract; (number, fields of activity, diplomas obtained at the end of the apprenticeship, etc.). 51 On hiring on a trial basis (art 35 ­ 40): Decree N° 2007- 008 This Decree does not The contract related to trial periods cannot exceed 6 setting the forms, the cause any practical months. It is only renewable once. duration and other problem of The training period when entering a vocational training provisions of the hiring implementation cycle cannot be considered a trial period. on a trial basis The worker hired on a trial basis enjoys the same work The trial period cannot and social protection conditions than of confirmed be presumed. It must be workers in the same position. stipulated expressly in the Work Contract which must specify the duration and, possibly, the advanced notice the parties agree to respect in the case of a cancellation before expiry. If there is no written contract on trial basis, the worker is known as having been hired on a fixed-term contract or CDD. In any case, the trial period is renewable once only. If the agreed duration is exceeded and the worker continues to be employed without a written trial period contract, he/she is considered as having been hired on an open ended contract or CDI, from the day following the trial period's expiration date. The work carried out during the trial period must be remunerated at the professional category's rate in which the worker was hired. Temporary worker: ART 44 The provisions of the No major practical Any worker hired to temporarily replace a job laws do not anticipate implementation incumbent during the latter's duration of absence not specific implementation problem. exceeding one (1) year. Past this one (1) year deadline, texts on the subject. the temporary worker is confirmed in the position. Temporary work carried out by a satff member must not exceed six (6) months. Past this six (6) month deadline, the temporary worker is confirmed in the position. Daily worker: Any worker hired sporadically to work DITTO; The provisions on a daily basis of the laws do not anticipate specific implementation texts on the subject. 52 Salary (determination, SME, ...): ART 53 ­ 74: Decree N° 2007 ­ 246 The salary scales A minimum agricultural and non agricultural starting setting the index point presented below in salary (SME) is instituted taking the workers' bare value for the Table n° 3 are already necessities of life into consideration, ensuring them calculation of the provided for in this sufficient purchasing power. A55 minimum starting and Decree. The workers paid hourly or daily are appointed after at seniority wages per least six (6) months of continuous service in the same professional category company. Starting from January 01st, 2007, the value of the index point for the calculation of the minimum starting and seniority wages per professional category is set at 0.3684 in the non agricultural sector and at 0.3238 in the agricultural sector. For the M1 category, the starting minimum wage is set at: Non agricultural sector: Ar 63,542.80 Agricultural sector: Ar 64,440. Legal duration of work and overtime: ART 75 Within this limit, the The application Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 below in all work duration is set by a Decree relating to the establishments subject to the Labor Laws, decree that also legally these provisions of the including educational or charitable ones, the legal sets overtime and the Labor Laws has not work duration of employees or workers of one gender provisions of their been submitted to the or another, of any age, working according to time, remuneration. Council of Ministers piecework or unit work cannot exceed 173.33 hours Decrees following the yet. It is still on the per month. In fams, working hours are based on two approval of the CNT CNT's table. thousand and two hundred (2200) hours per year. The determine per branch of However, information hours worked beyond the legal work duration make up activity and by on this point is overtime which results in an surcharge of the professional category, if presented in Table n° 4 remuneration the need arises, the below, based on the implementation former 1968 provisions of the work application Decree still duration and the special in force. dispensations, the nature Special dispensations and the maximum to the existing duration of the overtime regulations which that can be done with or require a prior without preliminary authorization request authorization as well as for the overtime from the surcharge rate of the the concerned authority overtime. (Occupational Safety In accordance with a and Health transitional provision set Administration) are out expressly by the specified in the Law N° article 265 of the Labor 2007 ­ 037 of January C0de according to 14th 2008 on the which: « However, the Industrial Export regulatory texts for the Processing Zones and implementation and the Companies in execution of these two Madagascar (or Zones laws remains in force in et Entreprises all their provisions that Franches à 53 are not contrary to the Madagascar): it is present Labor Code. Are expressly stipulated in applicable, in the same Article 5 paragraph 6 conditions, the earlier that: « within a 5 hour regulatory to the Law n° per week limit, EPZs 94- 029 of August 25th can freely do overtime 1995, notably those on the simple taken based on the declaration deposited earlier Labor Code and with the Occupational this, until the publication Safety and Health of new legislative and Administration» regulatory texts», Decree N° 68 ­ 172 of April 18th 1968 on the regulation of the overtime work and setting the wage surcharges for night work, Sundays and holidays, modified and completed by Decree N° 72 ­ 226 of July 06th, still remains in force. Weekly days off: Art 80 A Decree taken Decree not yet Weekly days off are mandatory. It is a minimum of following the approval published, but this twenty four (24) consecutive hours per week. of the National Labor provision nearly sets no Normally it takes place on Sunday Council (or Conseil problem of practical National du Travail) application. determining the Always in accordance implementation with this transitory provisions of the provision stipulated previous paragraph, expressly by article 265 notably the professions of the Labor Laws, are for which weekly days applicable, in the same off could be conditions, the exceptionally and for regulatory measures clearly specified prior to Law n° 94-029 motives, of more than of August 25th 1995, twenty four (24) hours, notably those taken either by rotation or based on the earlier collectively other days Labor Code and this, than Sunday, or until the publication of suspended to offset ritual new legislative and holidays, or spread out regulatory texts. In over a period longer than case of a dispute, the the week. Health and Safety Decree still in force: Inspector or the Court Decree N° 62 ­ 150 of still refers to this March 28th 1962 on the Decree. implementation provisions of weekly days off, public and paid holidays. Public Holidays: Art 81 - 82 The Decree n° 2008 ­ The list of paid public Public holidays are paid. A Decree taken following the 098 (dated January 15th holidays for 2008 is approval of the National Labor Council determines the 2008) sets the list of presented in the implementation provisions of the previous paragraph. public and paid holidays, following Table. The restrictive yearly list of « ponts » [Note: extra for this year 2008. days off] and holidays are subject to a decree passed at the beginning of the year, following the approval of the 54 National Labor Council. Surcharge of Sunday and holiday rates: Art 82 The Decree N° 68 ­ 172 Decree not yet A Decree taken following the approval of the National of April 18th 1968 on published. Labor Council determines per branch of activity and the regulation relating to Included in the draft professional category, if need be, the surcharge on overtime and setting the Decree that should work done on Sunday and holidays wage surcharges on regulate the legal work night, Sunday and duration, overtime, the holiday work, modified draft decree meant to and completed by update this Decree still Decree N° 72 ­ 226 of in force, is still pending July 06th, still remains in at the CNT's level force. Night work: Art 83 A decree passed after The Law n° 2007 ­ 037 Work done between eight (8) PM and five (5) AM is the approval of the of January 14th 2008 considered night work; the work hours done during National Labor Council on Industrial Export this interval results in surcharges. should set the surcharges Processing Zones and of the hourly work Companies in remunerations carried Madagascar stipulates out during this interval. in its Article 5, The employer is obliged to ensure transport and paragraph 6 that this security of the staff working at night. article 85 provision of Decree n° 2007 ­ 007 the CT is not setting the employer's applicable to Export provisions to take on Processing Zones. transport and social Women's night work (Art 85) in industry must security for night This situation creates comply with the provisions provided for in the Labor workers. two problems: Code; First of all: from the Women, without any age distinction, cannot be The drafting of the Draft legal point of view, employed at night in any industrial or any sort of Decree setting the Madagascar, a full establishment, public or private, secular or religious, conditions in which ILO-member has not nor in any outbuilding of one of these establishments, women's night work is yet ratified conventions even when these establishments are of a vocational authorized in the export N° 171 / 82 authorizing learning or charitable nature, except processing zones and women's night work companies, enforced in but precisely matched the new Law on export with certain conditions. processing zones whose Secondly, as already technical design has highlighted, the CNT, a been completed at the tripartite body for MFPTLS. This project, consultation, dialogue, nevertheless, meets the meeting, negotiation opposition of workers' between social partners trade union and information on representatives at the employment and National Labor Council vocational training, ­ who moreover point social welfare, job and out that, contrary to the salary, was not provisions contained consulted ­ whereas within the Laws, the this body, in principle CNT was not consulted and according to the during the elaboration of Labor Laws, should Law n° 2007 ­ 037 of play an important January 14th 2008 on socio-political role in the Industrial Export the social peace of Processing Zones and businesses in Companies in Madagascar. Madagascar Furthermore, the Decree n° 2007 ­ 007 already makes it 55 incumbent upon the employer to ensure, in nature and without any compensation the transport of night workers of all and any gender. Leave and transports: Art 86 and 87: When implementation of The Draft Decree has Save for more favorable provisions defined in the work contract leads already received the collective agreements or in individual work contract, to or led to the worker favorable approval of the worker's right to paid leave paid by the employer, moving from his/her the CNT, but is two days and a half (02.5 days) per calendar month of place of residence at the waiting for adoption effective service. The prescription duration of this right time of the appointment, by the Council of is of 3 years. It is up to the employer to provide for the the worker's traveling Ministers. workers' leave at the beginning of the year to avoid the fees, of his/her spouse accumulation of remainders. and his/her under age children usually living with him/her, are paid by the employer in the cases and according to the provisions set in the Decree passed after approval from the CNT. Women's work: Art 93 ­ 94 - 95 Practically, the duration We will find in the A woman candidate for a job is not bound to declare of the maternity leave is following Table the her pregnancy. of 14 consecutive weeks, practical The pregnancy must not be taken into consideration to 6 weeks before and 8 implementation cancel a work contract during the trial period. No weeks after the delivery. provisions that do not employer can terminate the work contract of a wage- The woman is 100 % contradict the new earning woman when she is in a state of medically remunerated with half Labor Laws. These recorded pregnancy. Nevertheless, the contract can be (1/2) is payable by the provisions are based on terminated if the woman commits a professional employer and half (1/2) the former Decree of misconduct not linked with her pregnancy. by the CNAPS. 1962 that still remains The provisions of the previous paragraphs do not in force. hinder the expiration date of the fixed-term work Decrees taken following contract. When giving birth and without this the approval of the interruption of service being able to be interpreted as a National Labor Council case for a breach of contract, any woman has a right set the nature of work to suspend work for fourteen (14) consecutive weeks forbidden to women and of which eight (08) weeks after the delivery. This pregnant women. suspension can be extended by three (03) weeks in The Decree N° 62-152 case of a duly noted illness resulting from the birth or of March 28th 1962 labor. The employer cannot dismiss her during this setting the working period. During this period, she is entitled to, payable conditions of children, by the CNAPS or, failing this, payable by the and pregnant women is employer, to the reimbursement of the delivery fees still currently in force. and failing this, to medical care, within the CNAPS tariff limit, as well as to half (1/2) of the salary that that is not payable by the Social Reserve Fund (or Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale). In default of affiliation, the total payment of the salary is payable by the employer. HYGIENE AND SOCIAL SECURITY Art 110 - Implementation texts Based on these listed: provisions, Health and Any employer is prescribed to supply all the Order N° 889 of May Safety Inspectors carry equipment and clothing required to collectively and 20th 1960 setting the out their unannounced individually protect the life and health of workers General Hygiene and missions, proceed with against all the inherent risks to the job and in Work Security a formal notice, and, if particular, against HIV/AIDS in the workplace. Measures (or mesures necessary, enjoin the Workers must submit to all the hygiene and security Générales d'Hygiènes et company in violation to 56 measures required. de Sécurité du Travail - comply with JORM of June 04th regulations. The Cleaning and general cleanliness 1960, page 934 Occupational Safety Workplaces must be kept in a state of cleanliness and and Health present the hygiene and salubrity conditions necessary Administration can for the staff's health. proceed to the closing in case of a non- Atmosphere, heating, lighting of the workplaces compliance or Atmosphere in the workplaces must be protected recurrence. against dangerous and troublesome emanations, Discussions with the vapors, gases, dusts, steams, without this list being MFPTLS Director of restrictive. Workers Social The general atmosphere and the environment of Security (or Directeur workplaces must take into consideration the physical, de Sécurité Sociale des mental and social comfort of the workers. Travailleurs - DSST) in fact show the Individual worker fitting outs absence of specific Workers must have available drinking water, hygiene and work appropriate bathrooms and cloakrooms installations, as safety standards. well as any other furniture necessary to their comfort We will furthermore during the work period. note, that the DSST is carrying out its inspection work by using as a work tool Order N° 889 of May 20th, 1960, dating to colonial times and setting the General Work Hygiene and Security Measures (or mesures Générales d'Hygiènes et de Sécurité du Travail) Canteen: Article 116.-118 A decree adopted Decree not yet The employer is responsible for setting up a canteen following the approval published for the workers: for remote institutions more than five of the National Labor kilometers away from the town center and not served Council specifies the by regular public transport or when the location of the implementation establishment or organization does not allow the provisions of the present workers to have something to eat normally; for section and notably the establishments using the continuous working day size of workforce from system. which the set up of a canteen is indicated, the The canteen must be kept in a perfect state of standards of the food cleanliness. In the same way, it must offer adequate served to workers, as comfort and ventilation notably allowing workers to well as the employer's have something to eat in a sitting position. right deduct from salary The food served to the workers must be in sufficient for catering. quantity and of good quality, offering the required hygiene and cleanliness conditions. PROTECTION AGAINST CERTAIN WORK- The code does not Fitting in the RELATED RISKS (Art 120 ­123) provide for any implementation field of To prevent the risks of accidents, the facilities, implementation texts in the Order N° 889 of materials and equipments are submitted to mandatory these two fields. May 20th 1960, of security standards. They must be the subject of colonial times and systematic control, maintenance and verification. setting the General Work Hygiene and It is forbidden to make the workers sleep in the Security Measures, the workshops assigned for industrial use. Night DSST is carrying out 57 watchmen must have an appropriate shelter available. its inspection work by The premises allotted for the workers to sleep in must also using this Order as have a correct air space and must be maintained in a work tool, even perfect cleanliness and ventilation state. though the presentation of the purpose of Law Each company must take the necessary measures so 2003-044 establishing that any beginning of fire can be quickly and the new Labor Laws effectively fought. specifies that « work The employer is bound to inform and train the workers hygiene, security and on the security and health measures relating to the environmental work position. regulations that have in fact been the subject of ON THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT a Code separate from the Law n°94-027 are The employer must take into consideration the now merged with the measures for the protection of the environment, Labor Code in order to whether physical or geographical. For this purpose, facilitate operating businesses must progressively adjust to the implementation national environmental management guidelines and because it is more standards in accordance with the legislative and logical ». regulatory texts in force. According to their size and their capacity, it is desirable that these businesses fit out leisure areas. It is advised that the company undertake sanitation activities such as rat extermination, clearing, and treatment with insecticide. The employer is bound to maintain or have maintained a motivating working atmosphere. ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH The Decree N°2003 ­ Occupational Health is The mission of the occupational medical service is to 1162 still remains in normally supplied by prevent any alteration in the workers' health resulting force, organizes the Occupational medical from their work, particularly to monitor their hygiene Occupational Health Services (or Services and security conditions in the workplace. Its role is first and provides for some Médicaux de Travail - and foremost preventive. exceptions and/or SMT) i.e. Inter- The occupational medical service is a business special dispensations to Business Medical occupational medical service or an occupational the principles Services, (SMIE) or medical service or inter-business or inter-institution enumerated by the exceptionally, by occupational medical service, according to the Labor Code provisions. Autonomous Business provisions for in the implementation texts. Any special All employers are Medical Services (or dispensation will be defined statutorily. obligated to adhere to a Services Médicaux Any natural person or legal entity practicing an activity Inter-Business Medical Autonomes of any nature and employing one or several workers is Service (or Service d'Entreprises), in the bound to ensure the medical-sanitary services as Médical Inter- establishments located defined in the above article. Enpreprises - SMIE), or beyond the area of Through voluntary contribution, independent workers eventually to its intervention of the and professionals can benefit from the services of the creation, when it is SMIEs. occupational medical service of their geographical located beyond the 30 Article 2 paragraph 2 area. km radius of an existing of the said Decree SMIE... stipulates that: « when CONSULTATIVE AND CONTROL BODIES (art the number of workers 131-133) The creation is or geographical A Technical Consultative Committee (or Comité mandatory in the case of remoteness does not Technique Consultatif) is instituted with the Ministry in employment by the justify the creation or charge of Labor with, as missions: businesses of more than the normal operation of the technical study of the issues related to health 1500 Workers in the a SMT, services are at work; action radius above. delivered, at the the organizing of worker training against expense of the 58 professional risks; employers, by the State the control of recommendations made by the Medical Services, in National Orientation Council for Social the framework of the Protection (or Conseil National d'Orientation de Care Conventions (or la Protection Sociale). Conventions de The Workers' Council (or Comité d'Entreprise) Soins) ». provided for in article 159 of the current Law attends to In all of Madagascar, the implementation of regulations relating to hygiene, we made a census of 27 security at work and the environment. SMIEs which are The technical control of the implementation provisions distributed nearly of the present heading is a matter for the national and proportionally in the 6 regional Occupational Inspector Doctor, who is entitled ex-provinces. to refer a case to the competent Health and Safety As we have Inspector to apply the formal notice if need be. previously mentioned: « the DSST carries out inspections using as a work tool an Order N° 889 of May 20th 1960, of colonial times setting the General Work Hygiene and Security Measures DIFFERENT PROVISIONS OF A Decree taken Decree and Order yet OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH: Article 134-Article following the approval unpublished (in other 135. of the National Labor words, we can Any institution must meet all the hygiene, security and Council sets the consider, that absence environment standards regulating the branch of activity organization and that « anyone could before workers can be employed in it. operation of this create any kind of An interministerial commission in charge of controlling commission, as well as business »...). the conditions of hygiene, security and the environment the departments to be . before the opening of the establishment is created and represented in it. gives its opinion on the respect of the hygiene, security An Order of the and environmental standards. Minister in charge of Labor appoints the members of the commission on the proposal of concerned departments. PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS THE WORKERS' UNIONS AND EMPLOYERS' ORGANIZATIONS (art 136-151) Exercising trade union rights is recognized in the Very detailed in its The question of respect of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the descriptions and representativeness is far Constitution. Workers and employers, without any explicit at least in its from being solved. distinction, are entitled without any prior authorization, provisions, the code to form organizations of their choice, as well as to join does not provide for these organizations, at the sole condition that they any implementation comply with the statutes of the latter, or to not join text. them. They are represented, as social partners, in the dialogue structures, the social policy and social fund management bodies and in the agreement negotiations requiring the intervention of a regulatory action, by the most representative professional groups and union organizations. The representative nature is established by the elements brought by the concerned organizations and the labor administration. 59 Federation and Confederations Workers' unions and employers' organizations have the right to form federations and confederations as well as to join them. Any organization, federation or confederation is entitled to joining international worker unions or employer organizations. Guaranteed respect of right and liberties The public authorities must refrain from any intervention that would limit this right or hinder its legal exercise. In the case of a violation of the previous paragraph, the Administrative Chamber of the Supreme Court has the jurisdiction to hear the related dispute. Workers are protected against any act of discrimination infringing on the union freedom in terms of employment. It is forbidden to: subordinate a worker's employment to his/her membership or to the cessation of his/her activities within a trade union; dismiss a worker or be detrimental to his/her interests by any other means, due to his/her trade union membership or to his/her participation trade union activities. It is forbidden for any employer to deduct union dues from the salary of one's staff and to pay them on behalf of the latter. The company director or his/her representative must not use any means of pressure in favor or against any kind of union organization. Any measure taken by the employer, contrary to the provisions of the previous paragraphs is considered as null and void by right and results in damages to the benefit of the person wronged. Exercising trade union rights Workers' trade unions have the right to exercise their A Decree determines To this day, by activities to promote and defend interests within the conditions in which referring to the businesses. the regional local provisional provisions Trade Unions are legal entities. They have the right to districts make, of the new Labor Laws, go to court. They can acquire without authorization, free according to their the Decree N° 71 ­ 222 of charge or against payments movable goods and, possibilities, premises of May 11th 1971 subject to the legislation in force, immovable goods. available to the unions relating to making They can, before all jurisdictions, including the for them to hold their premises available to Supreme Court, exercise all the rights reserved to the sessions. professional trade claimant relative to the facts that directly or indirectly unions meant to be used prejudice the interest of workers, employers or the for their meetings organization. remains still in force. Trade Union section Within the company, a trade union section can be created as soon as it contains seven (07) members. The trade unions have the right to appoint representatives to: attend statutory congresses and seminars of the trade union; participate in trainings organized by the International Labor Organization (or Bureau International du Travail); participate in the 60 international meetings to which they are invited. Trade Union and inter trade union representative The trade union representative is appointed by the company's trade union section. As soon as two (02) trade union sections coexist in a company, they can form a trade union platform and appoint one or several inter trade union representatives. Should the trade unions disagree on the appointment of inter trade union representatives, no inter trade union representative can be instituted within the institution or business. The appointment and the destitution of inter trade union representatives are under the authority of the unions. To accomplish their mission, the trade union and inter trade union representatives benefit from: an hourly credit of two (02) hours per week used in agreement with the employer. the same protection than the elected staff representatives in matters of dismissal. The functions of the trade union representative are incompatible with those of the staff representative. OF THE STAFF REPRESENTATIVES (Article 153. ­ 156) Mandatory elections of staff representatives An Order of the Minister in Following the Staff representatives are necessarily elected in charge of Labor sets explanations given at establishments where more than eleven (11) : the MFPTLS (DRT), wage-earning workers are employed. The number of staff the following texts They have a two (02) year mandate, they can representatives according which are not codified be reelected. The mandate of the outgoing to the categories of still remain in force staff representatives can be extended by two establishments and the for the effectiveness of (02) months. Past this deadline: minimum number of the implementation of if the employer does not organize workers; these provisions: elections, he is liable to penalties; the modalities of the if workers do not present any election must take place by Order N° 421 of candidates, the shortcoming is noted by secret ballot and in the first January 21st 1968 the responsible Health and Safety round, on the lists setting the election Inspector and the employer is protected established by the trade method and the status from the lack of staff representative for unions within each of the staff the twelve (12) months following the establishment, for each representatives in date provided for the holding of staff category; businesses. elections. the requirements for voters and eligible individuals; Decree N°61- 225 of Dismissal of the staff representatives the contesting relating to January 26th 1961; the electorate, to the litigation procedure of Any dismissal of a staff representative eligibility of staff the staff considered by an employer must be submitted representatives and to the representatives' to the decision of the responsible Health and regularity of the election elections. Safety Inspector who must intervene within a operations; forty five (45) days time limit of the the duration considered The Number of staff submission of the case. Past this time limit, the and remunerated as representative election Health and Safety Inspector's silence is worth working hours that the minutes received by the approval of the dismissal. representatives have to Regional Directorate The same procedure is applicable to the carry out their functions for Civil Service, Labor dismissal of former staff representatives for a and the means made and Social Laws (or six (06) month period starting from the available to them; Direction Régionale de expiration of their mandate, and to candidates the conditions in which la Fonction Publique, 61 to the functions of staff representatives from they are received by the du Travail et des Lois the registration of their candidacy and for a employers or his/her Sociales), (covering in three (03) month period following the ballot. representative; practice the provincial However, in the case of a serious offense, the the dismissal conditions of administrative district), employer can only suspend the work contract the representative by the goes up to 167 for after having informed the responsible Health workers' college which 2007, against 23 and Safety Inspector. elected him/her. elections represented by The Staff representatives have a monthly unions. This difference credit of fifteen (15) hours to carry out their is hardly explainable as duties. This duration cannot be held is. concurrently, is remunerated and considered as working hours. WORKERS' COUNCIL Article 159- 167 A Workers' council is instituted, in all the businesses A Decree passed In the framework of the subject to the Labor Laws and employing fifty (50) following the approval of economic attribution of the CE, permanent workers on, is a two-party consultative body, the National Labor article 3 of the present Decree is a negotiation, dialogue and collaboration platform, Council should have set stipulates that: « the employer intervening in the framework of the business. It is the numbers of worker must supply the CE with all the consulted and gives its opinion on all the questions and employer members information on the motives of pertaining to the life of the workers: working conditions, within the Workers' layoffs provided for by the social and cultural affairs, hygiene, security, work health council (CE), the company ». and environment, individual or collective redundancy for exercising of the Article 4 of the called Decree economic motives, work disagreement. functions of the latter as still expressly states that: « the Rights and obligations of the members: well as the provisions of CE is necessarily and in due The members of the Workers' council are entitled to: election, dismissal and time referred to about any be informed on the functioning of the company; replacement. collective redundancy project proceed to the submission of a case to the The Decree N° 2005 ­ for economic motives as well as Occupational Safety and Health Administration or 728 on the organization about the recovery package to the labor court; and operation of the provided for by the employer. It be protected against improper dismissal; workers' council (CE) issues its opinion within 20 appeal to an expert's office. specifies amongst other days following this consultation things: and this opinion is transmitted The members of the Workers' council are bound to by the employer to the Health secrecy. They must moreover: establish a periodical - The CE's attributions: and Safety Inspector report intended for the workers by way of display and by formulation and responsible ». the keeping minutes; participate in the different examination at the Let us note that this article Committee activities. employer's request of seems to cause practical The Workers' council is made up of: - elected worker and any proposal susceptible implementation problems if we trade union and inter union representatives, on the one to improve the work, refer to the claims of the hand; - and by the employer or his/her representatives, on employment and strikers of the TELMA the other hand. vocational training company which is considering a conditions. collective redundancy for Dismissal of a member This exercises its economic motives but which Any dismissal of Workers' council member envisaged by missions without any recently still came up against the employer must necessarily be submitted to the Health prejudice to the missions the workers' strike. and Safety Inspector's decision that must intervene within passed on to staff and In the administrative district of a time limit of forty five (45) days. union representatives. Antananarivo (ex-province) The same procedure is applicable to the dismissal of The CE's operation there are 27 establishments with former Workers' council members for a six (06) month The composition, a Workers' council each. The period starting from the expiry of their mandate and, of election, deliberation regional Occupational Safety the candidates to the function of Workers' councils from method of the CE and and Health Administration have the registration of the candidacies on and for a three (03) some miscellaneous carried out 18 awareness raising month period following the ballot. provisions relating to sessions within businesses. However, in the case of a serious offense, the employer sanctions and penalties can only suspend the work contract of the concerned in the case of a violation party after having informed the responsible Health and of some provisions of the Safety Inspector. current decree. 62 OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES (art 168 ­ 172) Policies and procedures are written document through which, An Order of the Following the the employer sets the general and permanent rules relating to Minister in charge explanations given by his/her technical organization of the establishment and to the of Labor sets: the DRT to the general discipline, determining the nature and the degree of the minimum MFPTLS, the Order sanctions liable to be passed as well as the procedure content of the N° 1454/IGT of July provisions guaranteeing the rights to defense, the hygiene and policies and 20th 1954 setting the security rules necessary to its smooth running. procedures communication, Any other clause that would come to feature in it, notably the modes for registration and those relating to remuneration, are considered null and void by the stamping, public display modes right. registration, of the policies and The drafting of policies and procedures is mandatory in all the public procedures, is still in companies usually employing at least eleven (11) workers. display of the force for the effective When a company includes distinct establishments, the policies policies and implementation of and procedures of the company can include specific clauses procedures these provisions of for some establishments or another. the policies the Laws: The drafting of policies and procedures is of the employer's and At the regional level authority. procedures (Antananarivo Draft policies and procedures must be communicated by the template; district), we made a employer to the staff representatives for approval. The list for 2007 of: 53 Any other similar regulation elaborated by the employer and applicable policies and contrary to the present provisions, notably those contained in sanctions. procedures stamped organizational rules as well as negotiable provisions in the at the IT level field of the collective agreement is null and of null effect. The employer is prohibited from inflicting fines in any shape or form. OF INSTITUTION AGREEMENTS AND OF THE COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT: Art 173 ­ 183 Collective Agreement: Extension decree This Decree does of the collective not exist and the The Collective Labor Agreement is a written contract relating agreement Ministry does not to the working conditions concluded: The provisions of plan to elaborate it 1- At the company level: one can be made yet mandatory for the « According to the a) where less than fifty (50) workers are employed, it is employers and the relevance», according concluded between: one or several employers or a group of workers included to DRT, the employers, on the one hand; and the staff representatives, in the professional Directorate estimates on the other hand. implementation that it is not a matter b) starting from fifty (50) workers, the worker entity is field of the of priority and no represented by the Workers' council. convention. draft Decree is under elaboration. It seems, 2- For a level beyond the company's framework, the still according to the Collective Agreement is concluded between one or several DRT, that this employers or group of employers; and the representatives provision of the Laws designated by the trade union platform of the unit considered (the extension) is or, if need be, the representatives of the most representative very much subject of unions of the unit. disputes from the The Collective Agreement must mention the provisions more groups of employers. favorable than those of laws and regulations in force. They cannot go against public order provisions. 63 As soon as the business usually employs fifty (50) A Decree, taken According to the DRT, workers, the negotiation of a collective agreement is following the approval it is a question of a mandatory. of the National Labor « Substitute Decree » - Council, can, for lack but a legal vacuum Institution agreements or pending the surrounds this establishment of a provision. Agreements concerning one or several specific collective agreement, establishments can be concluded between, on the one regulate working hand, an employer or a group of employers and, on the conditions for a other hand, the staff representatives or trade union specific branch of sections of the concerned establishment or activity. establishments, designated in agreement between them and, eventually, assisted by a person of their choice. This Decree does not exist. It does not even appear in the list of The purpose of an institution agreement is to adapt, to A Decree passed after « classification by the specific conditions of the establishment(s) the approval of the order of priority of the considered, the collective convention provisions. They CNT set the regulatory texts », as it can anticipate provisions more favorable to the workers. negotiation, is established by the conclusion, DRT which, For lack of a collective agreement, the institution membership, revision furthermore, acts as the agreement relates to, at least on the professional and denunciation CNT's secretariat. classification, the setting of salaries and exceptional conditions of the permissions. It is liable to an extension. collective agreements The Regional and institution Directorate estimates When there is no national or regional collective agreements. based on its experience, agreement, the business or institutional conventions can a very explicit establish working conditions as well as the social provision that is guarantees in the framework of the current chapter's mandatory to force the provisions. Otherwise, they can adapt the collective institution of a agreement provisions to the special conditions of the collective agreement company or establishment. They can provide for should be provided in provisions or clauses more favorable to the workers. the Labor Code , at least in one given A collective agreement whose area of application is branch of activity. But regional or national is concluded, on the workers' side this declaration of by the most representative union organization intent has not representatives and, on the employers' side by the union materialized yet. representatives or any other representative employer group. The representativeness of the employer and worker organizations is measured by the following criteria: - for the professional employer groups: multisectoral group legally formed and operational; number of formal businesses (paying a tax) directly or indirectly affiliated; size of workforce declared at the Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale; amount of dues payed yearly to the Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale; geographic set-up, - for the workers' unions: multisectoral union; number of staff representatives elected in the name of the union or union group; geographic set-up; international affiliation. 64 OF THE NATIONAL LABOR COUNCIL: Article The Organization and In principle, the 184- Article 187. the operation of the National Labor National Labor Council, created with A National Labor Council (or Conseil National du Committee and the Ministry in charge Travail ­ CNT) is instituted with the Ministry in charge Regional Three-Party of Labor, should be a of Labor, a three-party consultation, dialogue and Labor Councils are set three-party control body. It forms a meeting and negotiation by Decree as well as consultation, dialogue, framework between the social partners in terms of policies and meeting, negotiation salary and working conditions and, an information procedures. organization between framework in all matters included in its scope of Decree N° 2005-329 the social partners and activity. repealed decree n°97- of information relating 1149 of September to employment and Three-party Regional Labor Councils are created at the 18th 199, bearing on vocational training, level of each region. the creation of a social protection, labor National Labor and wage. The National Labor Council contributes to determining Council. the national policy in the field of labor and vocational Yet the first article of training for the promotion of the workers working in the the said Decree in its firms. paragraph 2 sets out an Thus: exception limiting the it ensures the control of the implementation of the CNT's negotiation policy thus defined; power. Indeed, this it is consulted in the design of the legislative and paragraph stipulates regulatory texts coming into its domain; expressly that: it determines the mechanism to set minimum « However, the wage and set the minimum remuneration rate. negotiation provided for in paragraph 2 must The National Labor Council is consulted by the not have for effect of National Technical and Vocational Training Council (or infringing on the public Conseil National de la Formation Technique et order provisions Professionnelle), an organization in charge of provided for by the establishing the orientations and ensuring their laws and regulations in implementation, in the matter of national policy relating force ». to professional training in general and to vocational training in particular. The National Labor Council can form, if it seems necessary, internal specific technical committees responsible for examining and issuing proposals on any issue of a technical nature relating to work, employment and vocational training. It is notably relates to: the hygiene and security committee; the labor and professional training committee; the social protection committee; the purchasing power and wage committee; the labor committee. 65 OF THE NATIONAL LABOR INSTITUTE: The organization and The INTra currently Article 188.- Article 190 operation modalities of has 24 Agents of which A National Labor Institute is instituted with the the National Labor 8 executives. In reality, Ministry in charge of Labor, an administrative Institute are set by according to collected institution which is a legal entity, endowed with Decree (Order) of the information the financial autonomy and its own assets. Ministry in charge of departments provided Inter-Regional Delegations of the National Labor Labor. for in the Institute are created in each Autonomous Province. Decree N°2003 ­ 857 of organizational chart The mission of the National Labor Institute is to ensure August 19th 2003 on defined in the the permanent training of the workers with a view to the National Labor framework of this allowing them to participate actively in the economic Institute (or Institut decree do not exist. and social life of their company and country, and to National de Travail - Actually, there are only fully ensure their union and related functions. Thus, it INTra): 3 services: an notably aims to: A public institute of an Administrative and valorize human resources; administrative and Financial Service, a build the capacities of the employer and worker educational nature, Methodology and organizations on social dialogue promotion; under the technical and Educational Material offer leaders, union frameworks and workers, a administrative Service, and a technical assistance and general training in the supervision of the Documentation areas of labor, business management, economy Minister in charge of Service. No Regional and working conditions fields; labor, under the structure is set up as of make services, documentations available to them budgetary supervision today. and, notably to publish a liaison bulletin for the of the Minister in charge The activities of the workers and employers; of the budget and under INTra are modest. It is carry out research on labor, notably in terms of the accounting essentially a matter of hygiene and health at work, work environment; supervision of the training under the to contribute to the creation of a labor statistics Minister in charge of shape of service observatory and a Data Bank Center on Labor; Public Accounting. provisions, in answer set up a bank of projects for superannuated or The bodies of the to eventual requests dismissed workers, with a view to their social institute are: from the businesses. reinsertion. The Administrative For example, the Moreover, the National Labor Institute: Council: deliberative training in matters of collaborates in the research works carried out by body collective agreement the Technical Departments of labor, of - 04 State elaboration in the employment and of worker social protection; representatives of which QMM Company (QIT participates in the training of the Health and 02 of the Minister in Madagascar Minerals Safety Inspectors and Controllers. charge of Labor and 02 in Fort Dauphin), sole of the Minister in charge large activity carried of Finance and of out by the INtra in Budget. 2007. - 04 representatives The INtra does not designated by the Trade carry out any training Unions, on the notion and trade - 04 representatives union right in 2007. from the employers In the framework of its Organizations. 2008 objectives are: Management: the setting up of inter- executive body regional structures The Institute is managed the training on the by a Director. The setting up of the Director is in charge of workers' council for achieving the objectives companies with more of the institute in than 50 employees. accordance with Comment: these Administration Council objectives are not directives. quantified! The INTra Director is assisted in his functions by 04 departments, 06 66 inter-regional delegations and 02 services directly attached to Management: - Administrative and Financial Department, - Information and Documentation Department - Study and Training Department - Department to Support Entrepreneurial Initiatives - Public Relation Service - Legislation and Legal Department Service. The Inter-regional Delegations which are the devolved INTra structures take on the missions and attributions falling into the Institute's field of activity in each administrative district (ex-province) to infuse the regional socio- economic development initiatives. Article 26: The National Labor Institute is surrogate to the rights and taxes of the National Labor Education Center (or Centre National d'Education Ouvrière - CNEO) created by Decree n°80 ­ 195 of August 11 1980. OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING General dispositions: Article 191- Article 196. Vocational training is a right for the worker and a duty The State, local groups, The Directorate for for the Nation. The object of vocational training is the public institutions, Employment and workers' adaptation to technical changes and working public and private Vocational Training (or conditions and, promoting the workers' social learning institutions, Direction de l'Emploi advancement and their access to the different levels of associations, et de la Formation qualification. professional Professionnelle) Vocational training of workers who are working organizations as well as (Vocational Training include: the initial training under the form of learning businesses, work Promotion Service), provided for in articles 30 and following the current towards ensuring prepared 3 regulatory Law, or sandwich course; continuous vocational vocational training in texts, which, since training. the conditions defined April 2007, have been Any worker is entitled to an educational/training leave. by regulatory texts, the subject of several 67 The duration of the educational/training leave is limited notably those that set: meetings within the to twelve (12) working days per calendar year, travel the form and « Employment and time not included and remunerated as work hours by modalities of the Vocational Training of the employer. The conditions to grant these partnership; the CNT » permissions are determined by Order of the Minister the conditions of Commission. These 3 in charge of Labor. content, form and texts notably cover the The remuneration aimed at in the previous article paid effects of the standards applicable to during the educational/training leave is equal to the learning contract continuous vocational basic salary usually paid to the beneficiary. and of the training or formation - Permissions non deductible from leaves of a total employment/traini professionnelle duration of twelve (12) working days, travel time not ng contract; continue (FPC), the included, are granted per calendar year in one or two the convention assent conditions and parts, at the request of the worker regularly establishment and modalities to the FPC commissioned by his/her trade union organization, to agreement organizations and the allow him/her to attend statutory congresses, workers' granting organization and union seminars and international meetings to which modalities; the operations of the FPC. he/she is invited. organization and These draft regulatory These permissions are remunerated on an agreement of operating of the text are currently being the parties or following the collective agreement continuous examined by the CNT provisions or according to the common practice of the vocational Bureau with a view to establishment. training; their presentation to the The authorized absences to satisfy the above mentioned the rights and CNT General provisions cannot, in each establishment, reduce by obligations of the Assembly ­ but no set more than ten (10) percent the size of each professional State and social date is really provided category of workers of the company. partners. for their adoption and The requests, handed to the head of the establishment In accordance with the publication. at least fifteen (15) days ahead of time, are kept in the Law n° 91- 018 of order of their registration. The permissions obtained in August 05th 1991, the the conditions defined in the articles above are National Council for assimilated to an actual service for the determination, Technical and of the rights to paid leave as well as any rights that the Vocational Training employee gets from his seniority in the firm. targeted in article 181 above is the executive body under the supervision of the Ministry in charge of employment, in charge of elaborating and implementing the aforementioned regulatory texts. OF THE SANDWHICH COURSE: Article 197.- As a rule, Decree N° The considerable delay Article 198 2008 ­ 109 setting the noted in the Is considered a sandwich course, any training given attributions of the appointment within the company aiming to have the candidate to a Minister of Civil confirmation of the determined work position acquire, the technical and Service, Labor and Department Head of gestural know how required by the position that he/she Social Laws as well as the Vocational could occupy at the end of his/her training. the general organization Training promotion The sandwich course presents itself under the form of of his/her ministry (Ministerial Order of an employment/training contract, a qualification determine in its Article Appointment April 14th contract, an adaptation contract or a beginner's course 4 the mission of the 2008) but already in to professional life contract. Directorate of his/her job since May Employment and 2007 led to hesitations OF THE CONTINUOUS VOCATIONAL Vocational Training, in the decisional TRAINING direct supervision of the process relating to the The continuous vocational training has as an object the Vocational Training promotion of adaptation of the workers to technical and working Promotion Service. vocational training, in conditions changes to favor social advancement as well Indeed, « under the the Department. as their access to different levels of qualification. authority of the Director Besides this delay, General of Employment, material, human and 68 Labor, Laws and Social financial capacity Insertion, the Director problems are also noted ensures the role of at the level of this managing the service. operations in terms of labor market access facilitation and the respective promotion of full-time decent, productive and sustainable employment, of vocational training and of professionalism according to the labor market's needs » . Furthermore, « the Director designs, leads and ensures the coordination, control, and control of the activities programmed at the level of the services placed under its authority ». OF INDIVIDUAL LABOR DISPUTE Of the procedure before the Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Article 199.- art 204 Amicable agreement before the Occupational Safety The code does not According to the and Health Administration provide for any information from the Any worker or any employer can ask the Occupational implementation text Provincial Service of Safety and Health Administration to settle amicably a Labor and Social Laws, dispute with his/her employer. However, the Yet, Decree N° 61 ­ following its 2007 submission of a case to the Occupational Safety and 226 of May 19th 1961 annual activity report Health Administration is mandatory before the relevant creating a framework of for all the cases jurisdiction can settle disputes opposing a worker still Health and Safety submitted to the under contract with his/her employer. Likewise in the Inspectors and of the Occupational Safety case of a flagrant violation of the legal provisions. The Social Laws and setting and Health submission of the case is then carried out on the particular status of Administration (i.e. denunciation of one of the parties. framework, which still around 4200), the remains in force as long individual disputes The submission of the case is, on the other hand, as the new status which represent around 60% optional as soon as the work relations between the two received the approval of of the cases. In around parties are broken off. It is as such in a case of the the Higher Civil Service 60% of the cases, the employer's refusal to pay the outstanding balance of Committee (or Comite Occupational Safety any account. Supérieur de la and Health Fonction Publique - Administration has The administrative district not equipped with an CSFOP) is not brought to a successful Occupational Safety and Health Administration refers promulgated, stipulates conclusion a the case to the Occupational Safety and Health in its article 2 that: « the conciliation procedure Administration that has jurisdiction. The Health and Health and Safety and to which around 5% of Safety Inspector, having previously been referred the Social Law Inspectors « partial conciliation » case, is authorized to put an end to an infraction to the take on the must be added. A little provisions of the present Labor Laws as soon as he/she administrative tasks of more than 10% of the has the positive proofs of its existence and to request design, management cases were closed the restoration of the situation. and control that are without any follow up incumbent upon the at the level of the The conciliation procedure before the Occupational Labor and Social Law Public Prosecutor. 69 Safety and Health Administration is mandatory when Department and to its the latter has the case officially submitted to it before external services. ... On the other hand any action in front of the relevant jurisdiction. The When they are in collective disputes only Health and Safety Inspector responsible automatically service at the represent 3% of all the summons the other party to the dispute in order to hear Department, they are in dossiers (i.e. 141 its point of view and attempt to settle the dispute charge, under the dossiers). Nearly 50% amicably. Parties are obligated to respond to the Health authority of the Labor of them have been the and Safety Inspector's summons in the framework of and Social Law subject of a conciliation the conciliation. Director, of procedure (total or implementing the partial) under the aegis The Health and Safety Inspector is obliged to draw up a running of the social of the Occupational statement and to deliver a copy to each party regardless matters, the general Safety and Health of the conciliation procedure's outcome: directives of the Administration. 9 sick Government, of leaves were noted in a conciliation statement, if it was agreed to by the preparing the law companies coming parties; drafts, of regulations under the EPZ Law. a partial conciliation statement, if there is a and decisions relating disagreement on some points; to labor and social a non-conciliation statement in the case of a laws » complete failure of the conciliation and; . an insolvency statement in case of a failure to Regulated by Decree appear of one of the parties after a third N° 2008 ­ 109 setting summons. the attribution of the Minister of Civil Service, Labor and Social Laws, the Regional Directorate of Civil Service, of Labor and Social Laws, through the intervention of its Regional Service, (covering in practice the provincial district), which has dependant Health and Safety Inspectors and Controllers, ensure the real implementation of the social laws. Introduction of the action before the relevant The fact a party does Considering the jurisdiction not answer the Health relatively large number In the case of a partial conciliation, of conciliation and Safety Inspector's of cases subject closing failure or of the other party's insolvency, the Health summons constitutes a without any follow up and Safety Inspector reminds the plaintiff that he/she hindrance to an officer at the level of the can institute his/her action before the relevant in the exercise of Public Prosecutor, jurisdiction. his/her duties several heads of the Furthermore, if a party does not appear or does not sanctioned by article MFPTLS at the send a valid proxy, the Health and Safety Inspector 473 of the Penal Code. regional level estimate draws up a statement in the light of which the relevant If necessary, s/he can that the real jurisdiction pronounces the sentence provided for in appeal to the police for enforcement of this article 473 of the Penal Code. the execution of his/her Article 239 of the In the case of one of the parties' refusal to carry out the mission. S/he is Labor Code is deficient. conciliation statement, the President of the Labor Court capacitated to directly Indeed, according to can, by ruling, decide at the request of one of the refer to the relevant them, the employers parties that the statement will be given an enforceable legal authorities. often only send a form by the Clerk of the Court. simple representative Any case having already been submitted to the relevant before the Occupational jurisdiction and having been the object of a decision is Safety and Health enforceable. It can no longer be brought before the Administration, without Occupational Safety and Health Administration which worrying about the 70 should declare it inadmissible. sentences and fines The same goes for a case settled once and for all at the provided for in Article level of the Occupational Safety and Health 473 of the Penal Code. Administration. It follows that the In case of a dispute based on the violation of a Health and Safety provision of the texts in force, the Health and Safety Inspector draws up a Inspector can intervene by mail or telephone with the statement and sends it employer with a view to have him/her take such to the Public Prosecutor measure or another towards his/her employee to restore who, frequently, closes the situation and observe the legal provisions. the cases without any The Health and Safety Inspector determines the rights follow ups or sends of the plaintiff worker provided for in the texts and them in turn to the orders, consequently, restoring the aforementioned relevant jurisdiction (or rights as well as the payment of amounts due to the juridiction compétente - employee wronged in virtue of the legal and regulatory JT) with all the delays provisions, in case of: that result from this non-issuance of a dismissal letter; process. This situation, non-payment of salary; according to them, non-payment of the compensatory allowance of challenges the authority non-taken leave; of the Occupational non-payment of notice; Safety and Health non-payment of the dismissal allowance if the Administration. It is the need arise; reason why the Health non-issuance of provisional employment and Safety Inspectors certificate or work certificate. plead for a reform of The failure to pay or to restore then leads to a direct Article 239 of the action before the relevant legal authority. Labor Code in a more restrictive direction. Labor jurisdictions: Article 205.- 208 Labor jurisdictions, which know the individual disputes between the worker and his/her employer, are instituted with the Courts: disputes from the interpretation of the Law or of the collective agreement or for institution agreements; disputes during the work contract or apprenticeship contract; disputes not conciliated before the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regularly referred to. Any case already settled at the level of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration brought before the Labor Court must be declared inadmissible by the latter. The labor jurisdiction has as a double mission to conciliate and judge in the case of a failure to conciliate. The relevant court is the one of the workplace. However, the worker can also, following the breaking off of the work contract, refer to the court of his/her place of residence or that of the place of residence of the employer. Of the negotiation: Article 211 ­ 216 The code does not provide for any The first step of the procedure which is mandatory is implementation text the negotiation. The negotiation is an attempt of the two parties to find grounds for agreement on the dissension points, without any involvement from a third party. The negotiation proceeds from the collective negotiation: at the business level, in the framework of the Workers' council or failing so, between the staff representatives and the employer or his/her representative; 71 at a level beyond the business framework between one or several trade union organizations represented by the inter trade union delegates on the one hand and one or several employers' business organizations on the other hand. The procedure is launched by a letter of complaint addressed by the workers to the employer. The letter must be signed by the workers' representatives, by the Workers' council or, failing this by the staff representatives. A copy of this letter is addressed, for information, to the concerned Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The employer is obliged to organize a first negotiation meeting after a time limit of seventy two (72) hours starting from the notification of the letter of complaint. At the request of a party, negotiation meetings result either in: the final settlement of the conflict, the parties then draw up a statement on the benefits of the negotiation; the partial settlement of the conflict, the statement drawn by the parties distinguishes the point gained and the points on which no agreement was reached; failure: in the cases where the employer has not organized the negotiation sessions in the time allotted; in default of an agreement on all the points of the letter of complaint; for non-appearance of one or both parties to the negotiation session. In all the cases provided for in the previous article, a copy of the statement is addressed by the most diligent party to the concerned Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The Health and Safety Inspector is bound, within a time limit of forty eight (48) hours of the case submission, to record the success or the failure of the negotiation. The right to strike or the lock-out is acquired from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's reception of the record of complete or partial success of the negotiation, subject to the observation of a forty eight (48) hour time limit of notice addressed by registered letter to the other party. A copy of this letter of notice is communicated to the Mediator. 72 Of the mediation: Article 217.- 219 The code does not The second stage of the procedure is the mediation. It is provide for any mandatory and intermediary between the negotiation implementation text and the arbitration. The mediation calls for the intervention of the mediator appointed in agreement between the two parties in dispute. The Health and Safety Inspector responsible is appointed automatically as mediator. His/her mission is to reconcile the differing positions of the parties in conflict while helping them finding a honorable and mutually acceptable settlement. For this purpose, he/she has a time limit of forty eight (48) hours following the negotiation failure report to summons the parties in conflict. The duration of the mediation is set at three (03) days starting from its start. It can be extended by the mediator if he/she estimates a probable settlement within a reasonable time limit. In the districts which are remote and without a Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the head of the local administrative district substitutes him- or herself to the Health and Safety Inspector. The parties can be represented by people of their choice with a view to the mediation. If a party does not appear or is not validly represented, the mediator summons the parties again within forty eight (48) hours. Non-appearance constitutes a hindrance to the Health and Safety Inspectors in the exercise of their duties sanctioned article 473 of the Penal Code. The mediator has a real power of investigation in order to find out the particulars of the problem with a maximum of details, notably through investigations and assessments. The mediator can formulate a partial or global recommendation of dispute settlement. The latter is not enforced on the parties. At the end of the mediation, the mediator establishes, depending on the case, a statement recording the agreement, or the complete or partial disagreement of the parties as well as, failing so, the recommendation of the mediator. The parties countersign the statement and receive a certified copy. The points acquired by the mediator are immediately enforceable; the mediation statement must set its lead time. Of the arbitration: Article 220.- 227 The code does not In the case of a mediation failure, the collective dispute provide for any is submitted by the Ministry in charge of Labor and implementation text. Social Laws: either to the contractual arbitration procedure enforced by a collective agreement binding the parties; or to an arbitration procedure of the competent Labor Court. The arbitration can only relate to points that have not resulted in an agreement during the mediation. Any new request not been submitted to mediation is inadmissible. The Conciliation board instituted in each jurisdiction is 73 made up of: the President of the County Court (or Tribunal de Première Instance), President of the Council; the competent President of the Labor Court (or Tribunal du Travail) or failing which the one who carries out the functions of Health and Safety Inspector an assessor employer appointed by the employer among the assessor employers in the annual list of the tribunal; an assessor worker appointed by the workers among the assessor workers in the annual list of the tribunal. If the mediator's report contains a recommendation, the burden of proof before the conciliation board is the responsibility of the party which rejects it. The arbitration does not suspend the ongoing strike or lock- out. The arbitral sentence must be motivated and immediately notified to both parties. This decision is final and without appeal. It ends the dispute. Starting from the passing on of this decision to the parties, the strike or lock-out must end. The mediation agreement and arbitral sentences are immediately inserted in the Journal Officiel and displayed in the offices of the person in charge of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The original drafts of the agreements and arbitral sentences are registered Labor Court Clerk's Office of the location of the dispute. The mediation and arbitration procedure is free. The strike: Article 228- 231 The right to strike, recognized and guaranteed by the The code does not Constitution, is practiced in the framework of the texts provide for any in force and after exhaustion of the collective dispute implementation text settlement procedures provided for by articles 203 and following of the present Laws. The strike is a complete, concerted and collective stop of work decided by the employees of a company or establishment to bring professional demands that have not been satisfied to a successful conclusion. The right to strike of the employees subject to the present Laws cannot be limited by requisitioning in the case of disturbance of the peace or in the case where the strike would endanger the life, the security or the health of any or part of the population. The strike suspends the work contract; the employee is exempted from providing his/her usual work service; he/she regains his/her employment at the end of the strike and cannot be sanctioned for his/her participation to the strike. The employer is exempted from paying the employee his/her usual wage. The agreements at the end of the strike control between the employer and the workers can nevertheless provide for the granting of an allowance compensating all or part of the salary loss due to the strike. They can also provide for resorting either to overtime, or to recuperation hours to compensate in full or in part the consequences of the strike. 74 The employees can ask for damages with the competent jurisdiction repairing the prejudice that they were subject to on account of the resort to the strike. The strike does not suspend the mandate of the trade union representatives nor that of the staff representatives. The strikers must, under their responsibility, ensure the essential security measures of goods and individuals and the respect the work tool. Even in strike period, it is forbidden to any person to oppose themselves, by force or under threat, to the free execution of their professional activity of the employees or employers. The lock-out: Article 232 ­ 233 The lock-out is the closing of all or part of a company or establishment by the employer due to a strike of his/her company's employees. The lock-out is lawful when it is justified by a security imperative or when the strike is obviously irregular. In the case where the lock-out would be lawful, its duration ends as soon as the causes provoking it disappear. The lawful lock-out leads to the breaking off of the work contract and exempts the employer from paying the employee the usual wage due for the concerned period. When the lock-out is pronounced illegally, the employer must pay to each concerned worker the salaries and allowances it should have received if he could have provided his usual work service. OF THE LABOR ADMINISTRATION CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS AND MEANS Of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Article 234 ­ 241 The other modalities The Analamanga The Health and Safety Inspectors are in charge, under relating to the control General Directorate of the authority of the Minister in charge of Labor: authority of the Health Civil Services, Labor to ensure the enforcement of the legislative and and Safety Inspectors and Social Laws which regulatory provisions relating to the working are set by Decree. covers the conditionss and to the protection of workers in the administrative district execution of their function, such as the provisions The formal notice time of Antananarivo (ex- relating to the duration of work, salary, security, following the visit and province), has 15 hygiene and well being, employment of children inspection of a Health Health and Safety and teens as well as provisions resulting from a and Safety Inspector Inspectors. collective agreement or an institution agreement (IT) to observe is The statistics found and to other related matters; practically of one week according to the work to supply information and technical advice to and not exceeding two report of the directorate employers and workers on the most efficient weeks. during 2007, show in means to observe the legal provisions in force; The IT redoes a second terms of institutional to bring to the attention of the relevant authority, inspection. control the following the deficiencies or abuses that are not specifically During the first visit, results: covered by the existing legislative and regulatory the IT issues a Establishments visited provisions. recommendation with a with monitoring: 86 The relevant authorities are obliged to take the copy to the staff First Inspection necessary measures with a view to: representatives. And followed by a supply the Inspectors with offices fitted out in an the IT sometimes recommendation: 61 manner appropriate to the needs of the services carries out a cross- Second Inspection and accessible to the interested publics; check with these staff followed by a formal supply the Health and Safety Inspectors with representatives. demand: 46 transport facilities necessary for the execution of Otherwise, The Statement of non Inspector redoes a execution: 09. 75 their functions in the case where the appropriate second inspection. public transport facilities do not exist; reimburse the Health and Safety Inspectors for any transport fees and all ancillary expense necessary in the execution of their functions. The implementation of these measures is taken in charge by the Government Budget. The Health and Safety Inspectors take an oath to fully and faithfully carry out their duty and to not reveal, even after having left their service, the manufacturing secrets and, in general, the operating processes which they may gain knowledge of in the execution of their function. This oath is given in writing before the responsible Court of Appeal or County Court. The Health and Safety Inspectors must keep the source of any complaint confidential. On penalty of being null and void, the original copy of The code does not the statement must be addressed within six (06) days of provide for any the closing to the Public Prosecutor and a certified copy, implementation text. addressed to the interested party or its representative. The Public Prosecutor is obliged to enroll, within a one (01) month time limit, the statement by means of direct summons. The Health and Safety Inspector are authorized to prescribe measures meant to eliminate the faultinesses noted in a set up, a fitting out or work methods that they can reasonably consider as a threat to the health or security of the workers. To this effect, the Inspectors are entitled to, subject to any legal or administrative appeal, order or have ordered: that be brought to the facilities, within a set time limit, the modifications that are necessary to ensure the strict enforcement of the legal provisions concerning the health and security of the workers; that immediately enforceable measures which can go up to the temporary closing of the incriminated establishment are taken in the case of imminent danger to the health and security of the workers, following the approval of the other concerned departments, within a twenty four (24) hour time limit. The Health and Safety Inspectors execute their authority within the limit of their territorial district and in this limit only, save for a mission order issued by the hierarchical authorities. Of the Health and Safety Controllers: Article 242. In practice, always at Health and Safety controllers assist the Health and The code does not the level of the Safety Inspectors. They are authorized to note the provide for any Analamanga Regional infraction to the provisions of the legislation and of the implementation text. Directorate; we listed labor regulation in written reports, according to which, 15 Health and Safety the Health and Safety Inspector will be able to decide to Inspectors for 08 Labor draw up a statement in the forms provided for in the Controllers. They work previous article 239 paragraph 5. under the management The controllers take an oath in the same way as the of the Chief Health and Health and Safety Inspectors. Safety Inspector of the Of Substitutes to the Health and Safety Inspector: Regional Service of the Article 243-246 Civil Service, Labor In the administrative districts where there is neither and Social Laws. 76 Health and Safety Inspector, nor Health and Safety Controller, the head of the district addresses to the Health and Safety Inspector, the information according to which the latter will be able to draw up a statement, in the forms provided for in article 239 paragraph 5. In the case targeted in the paragraph above, the chief of the territorial district must make premises or an office planned for their visits permanently available to the Health and Safety Inspectors and Health and Safety Controllers, with a view to facilitate their councilor, conciliator and control mission. The occupational medical examination is organized by Decree. Joined to the central Health and Safety Administration, it is managed by a doctor of medicine, holder of an occupational medicine diploma. The organization and operation of the Health and Safety Administration are set by Decree in accordance with the administrative structures in place. In military establishments employing civil man labor, the attributions of the Health and Safety Inspectors for control and protection of workers are entrusted to civil servants or officers specially appointed to this effect. The latter are obliged to account for their actions to the competent Occupational Safety and Health Administration so that the worker can appeal if she/he considers it necessary with the Health and Safety Inspector. This appointment is carried out, on proposal of the Minister in charge of Defense, by decision of the head of the government. The provisions of article 236 above are applicable to them. Of employment and placement: Article 247 ­ 250 Decree n° 180 / 2004 All these bodies and/or A National Labor Office (or Office National pour on the creation and institutions directly l'Emploi) is instituted, with the Ministry in charge of organization of the involved in the labor Labor, in charge of collecting, centralizing, Malagasy Observatory and employment coordinating and processing the data on the labor for Labor, Continuous framework in market and to ensure the placing activities. Vocational and Madagascar will be the A Decree, passed following the approval of the Entrepreneurial object of an in-depth National Labor Council, sets the forming, organization Training (or institutional analysis and operating of the Office National pour l'Emploi. Observatoire presented below. Malgache de l'Emploi, de la Formation professionnelle continue et entrepreneuriale - OMEF) Decree 2006 ­ 433 of June 27th 2006 on the creation of the Voy Asa Tsy Mialonjafy or « Malagasy Promotion Office for Employment for All » Decree N° 2005/366 setting the execution conditions and modalities of private employment agencies and the agreement 77 granting and withdrawal modalities. EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES: Art 248 ­ 250 Decree n° 2005 ­ 396 Over all of Madagascar, Private placement activities are authorized, subject to setting the conditions if we refer to a list (still the fact that they be exercised by a specialized and the execution handwritten) employment and placement service whose execution modalities of private established by the conditions and modalities are determined by Decree employment agencies Directorate of taken following the approval of the National Labor and the approval Employment and Council. granting and Vocational Training of The opening of an employment agency is subordinate to withdrawal modalities the MFPTLS, there are the assent of the Minister in charge of Employment. also specifies in the only 9 Registered No fee or charge of any kind can be charged to the article 8: the nature and Private Employment workers who present themselves to the employment frequency of the Agencies: (Cabinet agency. activity report that the Ressources, Red Island A Decree passed following the approval of the National private employment Group, Zatoasa, Labor Council sets the cases and limits the deductions agencies must supply: Madagascar Man that the employment agencies can take from the Article 1: ....the Power Agency, employers as well as the grant and withdrawal approval opening of an Toroasa, GRW modalities. employment agency is Consulting, Sté The employment agency must supply periodically, to subordinate to the Equation Sarl, Vola the Minister in charge of Employment, information on approval of the SARLU, Business the offers received for the purpose of the labor market Minister in charge of Support Center by PA) monitoring, according to modalities specified by the labor. Other sources indicate Order of the Minister in charge of Labor. The approval of the the existence to this day Private Employment of about fifty Private Agencies is granted on Employment Agencies request and on the that are set up without examination of the approval in dossiers by means of Antananarivo. order of the Minister in charge of labor. Art 5: ...no charge can be demanded from the worker in compensation of being put in relation with his/her eventual employer under penalty of a sanction. Art 7: the service provision rate to be deducted from the client, the potential employer to be specific, cannot exceed 100% of the monthly salary agreed to between the latter (the private employment agency) and the worker. Article 8: ...the private employment agencies must hand in a quarterly and yearly activity report on the offers, applications and placements carried out by branch of activity 78 and by professional category to the Service of Employment and Vocational Training of its place of activity. Interministerial Orders: The enforcement of this MEANS OF CONTROL: Article 251 ­ 254 determine the modalities order poses no major Any person offering to open a company of any nature, must of this statement; set the problem in practice, at declare it to the responsible of Occupational Safety and Health time limit within which least at the level of the Administration on a uniform form provided by the the existing businesses administrative district of administration. must carry out this Antananarivo. We will The employer must constantly keep up to date, in each statement; prescribe the call to mind though that establishment, a register known as « the employer's register » production of periodical the Decree setting up the intended for collect all the mentions allowing the execution of information on the Interministerial the control of the labor services. situation of the labour. Committee which should give its approval to the An Order of the Minister in charge of Labor sets the template Order N° 18 639 / 05 of opening of a company in and the content of this register and the conditions in which it December 01st 2005 terms of the hygiene and must be kept available to the Health and Safety Inspectors. determine the modalities security of the workers... of the institution is still not adopted as of The employer must also keep a register for each special statement in the case of yet (see above). category of worker defined in the current Code: daily workers, an opening, closing or hired on a trial basis, in apprenticeship, transferred, temporary change of any kind and workers, part time and home workers, seasonal workers and prescribing the production workers under-eighteen (18) years old. of periodical information The work giver and the incumbent contractor are bound to on the employment. keep up to date, the respective home worker and subcontractor list with whom they have signed contracts. In return, the home workers and the subcontractors are obliged to display in the workshops, construction sites or in any other workplace, the names and addresses of their work giver or their incumbent contractor from whom they have gotten the works. 79 ANNEX 6: METHODOLOGICAL NOTE ON THE LINK BETWEEN TRADE AND THE HOUSEHOLD REVENUE The indirect utility function of household h is a function of the income yh and of a vector of prices of goods, p. That is v h = v h ( y h , p) (1) Totally differentiate (1): dv h dv dv h = dp + h dy h (2) dp dy h Dividing both sides by the marginal utility of income (dv h dy h ) and using Roy's identity, we obtain: 1 dv h dw h = - c h ,g dp g + dy h (3) dv h dy h g Where dwh is the monetary value of the change in indirect utility, ch,g is the consumption of good g by household and dpg is the change in price of good g. Income of household h is given by the sum of labor income, remittances (which are a function of wages), profits associated with own production of a particular good and income obtained through government transfers (partly tariff revenue): y h = w l h + R h (w ) + h , g + G h + h t g p g m g { w (4) 123 g labor income remit tan ces 4g 123 144 2444 3 profits government transfers where w is the wage rate, l h is the (net) amount of labor sold in the market by household h; R h are remittances received by household h, h ,g are profits obtained from directly selling good g in the market; Gh are government transfers to household h not associated with tariff revenue, h is the share of tariff revenue redistributed to household h and the sum that follows is the tariff revenue collected over all goods g . Let us further assume that i) households choose optimally the amount of labor to sell in the labor market; ii) households choose optimally the amount to produce in their own business and ii) all remittances are associated with transfers from non-poor individuals who obtained their income in the labor market, i.e., R h = wl R where l R is the (net) amount of labor that gets transferred to h/ / h household h as remittances. Then, differentiating (4) using Hotelling's Lemma and the Envelope theorem, yields: dy h = dwl h + dwl R + x h ,g dp g + h dt g p g m g + h t g p g dm g / h w w (5) g g g Substitute equation (5) into (3), divide everywhere by income of household h assuming that income equals expenditure, and rearrange terms to obtain: 80 = - c ,g p g + l w + R w + h ,g p g + T,g (& g + m g ) dw h x h & {h & {h/ & & t & (6) yh g g 1 3 g h 2 2 3 labor income remit tan ces 14 4 profits 2 144 44 3 consumption tariff revenue where a "dot" on top of the variable expresses percentage changes; h ,g = p g c h ,g y h is the share c of expenditure (or income) spent on good g by household h; l = wl h y h is the share of h income spent obtained in the labor market by household h; R = wl R y h is the share of income / h / h that household h obtains as remittances; h ,g = p g x g y h is the share of income of household h x obtained by selling good g in the market; h ,g = h t g p g m g y h is the share of transfers from T w the government to household h associated with tariff revenue in good g on total income of household h. Because we are interested on the impact of tariff reforms on the welfare of poor households, to apply equation (6) we need to find the relationship between changes in tariffs and changes in goods and factor prices as well as changes in imports. Assuming perfect transmission of tariff changes to domestic prices (more on this on the next subsection on price transmission across ( ) regions), we have: p g = t g 1 + t g & g . Then using the definition of the price elasticity of import & t ( ) demand we have: m g = g p g = g t g 1 + t g & g , where g is the price elasticity of import & & t demand. Finally assuming that our economy is Ricardo-Viner (medium run) and that the wage elasticity of labor demand is identical across all sectors we have: w = g p g = g t g 1 + t g & g . & & t ( ) Substituting all these percentage changes into (6) we have the change in welfare of household h in percentage of its income which is a function only of the exogenous change in tariff (expressed in percentage terms): dw h tg t t t = - c ,g h & g + l g g & g + R g g & g + h ,g g & g + t h t / h t x t yh g 1+ tg 1+ tg 1+ tg g 1+ tg 4 14 244 3 14 244 14 244 4 3 4 3 14243 consumption labor income remit tan ces profits (7) tg + &g + g t T &g t h ,g 4 1+ tg 3 1444 24444 g tariff revenue In order to express the change in welfare in monetary units one simply needs to multiply the expression in (7) by household income. In order to obtain an estimate for the whole set of households below the poverty line one can then simply add up across all households below the poverty line. To express this change for the household in the bottom (or top) two quintiles in percentage terms, one can then simply divide by the sum of households' income in the bottom (top) two quintiles. 81 ANNEX 7: A QUICK REVIEW OF THE NORMS AND STANDARDS ON THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS Table 1: Defend the market shares of the existing exports Product Importing Average annual Average annual Madagas World Export description market growth in imports growth in world car's demand penetration in from Madagascar imports from all market destination for all (%) sources (%) share in products (%) importin g market Frozen shrimp US 70.0 3.9 + + 17.2 Women's trousers US 13.2 9.5 + + 17.2 Canada 212.5 9.5 + + 6.0 Petroleum EU 4947.6 35.6 + + 71.4 Men's trousers US 33.8 8.1 + + 17.2 EU 13.9 8.1 + + 71.4 Stamps & paper EU 100.0 16.1 + + 71.4 Semi-precious Thailand 30.9 17.3 + + 2.9 stones India 78.7 17.3 + + 3.6 Sri Lanka 1332.0 17.3 + + n.a. T-shirts US 77.7 13.5 + + 17.2 EU 63.3 13.5 + + 71.4 Canada 78.6 13.5 + + 6.0 Cotton pullovers EU 46.6 8.1 + + 71.4 US 11.4 8.1 + + 17.2 Canada 53.8 8.1 + + 6.0 Chromium ores Switzerland n.a. 48.9 n.a. + 7.0 EU 764.0 48.9 + + 71.4 Coffee Morocco 83.9 22.6 + + 71.4 Cotton shirts EU 83.9 8.0 + + 71.4 US 24.4 8.0 + + 17.2 Preserved fruit EU 100.9 0.5 + + 71.4 Knitted cotton US 114.9 16.7 + + 17.2 garments EU 261.3 16.7 + + 71.4 Essential oils EU 6.9 7.2 + + 71.4 Indonesia 204.0 7.2 + + 0.8 Singapore 26.6 7.2 + + 2.3 Coniferous wood EU 8.0 9.9 + + 71.4 Mauritius 31.2 9.9 + + 24.1 Source: UNCOMTRADE. Table 2: The existing exports losing momentum Product description Importing Average growth in Average annual Madagasca World Export penetration market imports from growth in world r's market demand in destination for all Madagascar (%) imports from all share products (%) sources (%) Frozen shrimp EU -3.0 3.9 - + 71.4 Japan -10.0 3.9 - + 12.1 Mauritius -24.5 3.9 - + 24.1 Women's trousers EU 3.6 9.5 - + 71.4 Vanilla EU -22.3 -32.7 + - 71.4 US -37.7 -32.7 + - 17.2 Canada 18.5 -32.7 + - 6.0 Japan -18.9 -32.7 + - 12.1 Tuna EU 2.7 10.5 - + 71.4 Petroleum South Africa -39.2 35.6 - + 17.1 Cloves Singapore -15.8 -0.02 - - 2.3 India 225.6 -0.02 + - 3.6 EU 0.7 -0.02 - - 71.4 US 6.8 -0.02 - - 17.2 Semi-precious stones Hong Kong 2.5 17.3 - + 3.6 Cocoa beans EU -11.4 -0.8 - - 71.4 Japan 16.5 -0.8 + - 12.1 US 110.1 -0.8 + - 17.2 Chromium ores China 10.7 48.9 - + 5.7 Coffee EU 4.5 22.6 - + 71.4 US -2.3 22.6 - + 17.2 Knitted cotton Canada -16.8 16.7 - + 6.0 garments Shawls EU 1.0 5.4 - + 71.4 Source: UNCOMTRADE. 82 Table 3: The existing products to promote and not to promote towards new markets Madagascar' World Main current markets 2006 Largest unexploited Export market s world demand importing markets Product penetration market (2003-06) 2006 description (%), 2006 share (2003- 2006) The products which have a potential towards new markets South Korea, Women's US, EU, Canada, UAE, 15.4% + + Switzerland, Australia, trousers Mauritius, Hong Kong Norway Japan, Switzerland, US, EU, UAE, Mexico, Men's trousers 13.2% + + Australia, South Korea, Comoros, Russia, Canada Norway, Singapore India, Ghana, US, Stamps & paper 1.1% + + EU Malaysia, Mongolia, Singapore, Canada (Semi-) Thailand, Hong Kong, India, Aruba, Taiwan, New 35.3% + + precious stones Sri Lanka, EU Zealand Australia, South Korea, T-shirts 24.5% + + US, EU, Canada Norway, Russia, Chile Russia, US, Ukraine, Switzerland, China, EU, Argentina, Brazil, Chromium ores 10.7% + + Japan, Indonesia Mexico, Canada, Australia Japan, Canada, Coffee 6.9% + + EU, Morocco, US Switzerland, South Korea, Australia China, Switzerland, Cotton shirts 15.2% + + EU, US, Canada South Korea, Australia, Norway Japan, US, South Korea, Preserved fruit 7.0% + + EU Canada Switzerland, Japan, EU, Indonesia, Singapore, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Essential oils 14.6% + + China, India, US Brazil, Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea US, Japan, Egypt, China, Coniferous 8.7% + + EU, Mauritius, Kuwait Mexico, Norway, wood Algeria, Morocco The products which do not have a potential towards new markets Singapore, India, EU, US, Cloves 30.4% - - Venezuela, Colombia Vietnam, Saudi Arabia Singapore, Norway, Cotton 17.3% - + EU, US, Canada South Korea, Russia, pullovers Mexico, Australia Malaysia, Canada, Cocoa beans 6.5% - - EU, Japan, US, New Zealand Russia, Singapore, Brazil, Turkey EU, Japan, Mauritius, US, Canada, Australia, South Frozen shrimp 11.0% - + Vietnam Korea, China, Malaysia Norway, Indonesia, EU, US, Canada, Japan, Vanilla 19.1% + - Mexico, Malaysia, Singapore, Switzerland Georgia, South Korea US, Japan, Canada, Tuna 0.8% - + EU Australia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Switzerland EU, Thailand, South Africa, Petroleum 33.0% - + Mexico, Australia Mauritius Japan, Australia, Knitted cotton 14.3% - + US Singapore, Switzerland, garments Mexico, New Zealand South Korea, China, Shawls 12.0% - + EU Singapore, Turkey, Australia Source: Gillson [2008]. 83