88363 THE LITTLE DATA BOOK 2014 ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT © 2014 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The find- ings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they repre- sent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 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Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 is based on World Development Indicators 2014 and its accompanying online tables, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included Liu Cui, Federico Escaler, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku. The Investment Climate Department’s team included Jenny Datoo, Nathalie David, and Patricia Ellen Steele. The work was carried out under the management of Haishan Fu, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Azita Amjadi and Leila Rafei coordinated all stages of production. Nora Ridolfi, Paola Scalabrin, and Janice Tuten from World Bank’s Publishing and Knowledge Division oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Preface Reliable cross-country data on aspects of private sector development are crucial in planning for economic recovery and growth. In targeting increased exports and investment, many governments prioritize an improved climate for business as a basis to attract capital, create jobs, and provide basic services. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank Group’s Doing Business project, Enterprise Surveys, and the Entrepreneurship Snapshots. The data sources presented in this book report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity, and they pro- vide information on how business owners assess their business environ- ments. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. Please visit the Business Environment Snapshots (http://rru.worldbank.org/besnapshots/) for more information. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the included indicators provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions on how to improve future editions and make them more useful. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 v Data notes The data in this book are for 2005 and 2012 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the glossary. • Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Lettered notes on some country tables can be found in the notes on page 232. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. The cutoff date for data is March 1, 2014. vi 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, República Bolivariana de Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 1 World 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6,491.0 7,043.9 Labor force (millions) 3,011.8 3,280.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 5.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,208 10,181 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.9 2.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.4 3.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 26.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.3 15.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.2 70.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.5 30.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 50 25 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 330 268 Time to export (days) 28 22 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.9 2.7 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.1 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.8 Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (%) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.5 21.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 81.4 88.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 10.1 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 131.2 127.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 6.0 Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 24,229 30,304 Paved roads (% of total roads) 40.8 57.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,663 3,044 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 33.9 89.3 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.8 35.5 2 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,892.7 1,991.6 Labor force (millions) 1,051.2 1,115.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 4.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,614 4,884 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 8.4 9.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.2 10.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.3 44.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.3 30.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.5 44.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.1 33.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 31.0     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 57 40 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 309 224 Time to export (days) 27 23 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.2 3.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.4 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   1.3 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 92,997 12,817 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.2 3.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 36.2 42.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.4 24.6     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.1 52.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 99.6 121.8 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.8     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2,220 4,435 Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.0 47.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,471 2,582 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.1 88.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.3 36.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 3 Europe & Central Asia 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 260.0 270.8 Labor force (millions) 109.5 119.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 9.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,491 6,664 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.8 3.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.3 8.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.0 30.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.8 60.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.4 36.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.8 40.4     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 40 12 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 477 270 Time to export (days) 39 29 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 2.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.7 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   2.2 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 27,260 4,990 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 3.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 21.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 17.0     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.4 42.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.7 14.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.1 11.8 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.3 49.8 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 5.8     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 412 869 Paved roads (% of total roads) 83.6 78.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,602 2,951 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 49.6 108.5 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.0 43.3 4 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 535.5 581.4 Labor force (millions) 245.0 279.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 6.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,368 9,070 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.5 3.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 5.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.8 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.6 15.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.6 63.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.7 24.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.1 25.6     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 85 41 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 462 414 Time to export (days) 23 18 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.4 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.4 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   2.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 135,191 79,840 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 21.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 16.7     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 30.0 41.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 10.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.9 2.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.1 46.7 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 8.0     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,480 2,291 Paved roads (% of total roads) 28.1 26.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,665 1,985 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.1 108.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 16.0 42.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 5 Middle East & North Africa 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 300.8 339.6 Labor force (millions) 95.3 109.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.6 12.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,996 3,450 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.5 4.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.7 .. Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.3 .. Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.9 .. Services value added (% of GDP) 46.0 .. Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.7 .. Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 ..     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 36 21 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 281 302 Time to export (days) 30 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.2 3.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   0.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 13,435 2,876 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 1.5 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 .. Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 ..     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.1 41.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 8.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 6.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.4 23.6 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 5.0     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 361 484 Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.2 76.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,328 1,696 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.4 95.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.5 30.7 6 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,499.0 1,649.2 Labor force (millions) 609.8 655.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 3.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,437 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.3 7.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.2 18.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.9 25.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.1 22.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.7 30.0     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 38 16 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 305 328 Time to export (days) 36 33 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.8 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   0.3 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 44,944 35,139 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 1.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 28.1 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 20.9     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) 61.2 50.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.7 59.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 8.1 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.3 4.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 37.7 46.7 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 5.5     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 420 840 Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.1 45.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 424 605 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 68.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.5 11.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 7 Sub-Saharan Africa 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 756.7 911.5 Labor force (millions) 291.9 357.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 7.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 763 1,350 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.6 4.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.4 16.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.3 31.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.4 9.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.2 52.7 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.0 34.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.2 35.0     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 60 27 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 340 311 Time to export (days) 39 31 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.2 3.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.8 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   2.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 24,617 7,726 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 2.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 19.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 14.3     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.6 40.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 64.5 62.0 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 8.6     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 380 627 Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.0 15.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 544 535 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.0 59.3 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.1 14.8 8 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,035 or less in 2012. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,035 but less than $12,616. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $4,085. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,616 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2013 9 Low income 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 726.6 846.5 Labor force (millions) 319.9 383.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.9 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.8 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.4 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.0 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.0 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.6 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.5 41.7     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 60 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 289 266 Time to export (days) 45 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.7 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 4,646 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 17.2     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.3 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.1 30.7 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 11.2     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 162 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.0 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 211 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.6 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.9 6.2 10 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle income 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4,518.1 4,897.6 Labor force (millions) 2,082.8 2,254.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 5.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,835 4,370 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.5 6.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.9 10.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.2 36.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 21.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.0 53.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.2 29.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.2 30.6     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 57 28 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 397 326 Time to export (days) 29 22 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.1 2.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.5 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   2.3 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 365,477 165,973 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.9 30.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 20.4     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.7 48.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 10.6 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 55.9 81.6 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.3 6.4     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5,110 9,173 Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.0 53.5 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,236 1,816 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.9 87.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 7.7 29.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 11 Lower middle income 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2,253.1 2,507.0 Labor force (millions) 910.7 1,003.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.4 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 876 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.7 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.9 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.9 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.7 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.8 33.2     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 53 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 421 324 Time to export (days) 32 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 93,145 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 19.7     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.9 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.4 42.1 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 7.5     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,226 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.6 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 561 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.7 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.0 18.7 12 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Upper middle income 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2,265.0 2,390.6 Labor force (millions) 1,172.1 1,251.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,788 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.7 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.8 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.7 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.5 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.6 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.3 29.7     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 60 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 374 327 Time to export (days) 26 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.9 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 265,810 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.6 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 20.5     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.0 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.7 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 62.7 92.4 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.9     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 3,884 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.0 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,901 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 36.1 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.3 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 13 Low & middle income 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5,244.7 5,744.1 Labor force (millions) 2,402.7 2,637.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 5.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,626 3,815 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.5 6.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.3 10.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.8 35.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.0 21.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.9 53.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.2 30.8     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 58 28 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 371 310 Time to export (days) 33 26 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.1 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   1.9 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 313,176 119,330 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.7 30.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 20.4     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.4 48.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.6 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 55.0 80.7 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 6.8     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5,272 9,546 Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.6 37.9 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,128 1,646 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.2 81.7 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.8 26.5 14 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development High income 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,246.4 1,299.8 Labor force (millions) 609.1 642.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.8 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,693 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.3 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.3 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.2 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.1 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.6 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.7 30.2     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 27 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 222 166 Time to export (days) 13 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.3 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. ..     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) 44.7 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 91.7 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.3 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 149.5 150.5 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 ..     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 18,957 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 80.3 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,873 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 53.8 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 15 Euro area 2005 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 326.8 333.3 Labor force (millions) 154.8 160.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 11.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,548 38,030 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.5 0.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.9 1.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.6 24.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.2 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.5 73.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI)     Exchange rate (local currency units per $)     Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 44.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.6 42.2     Business environment     Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best)     Time to start a business (days) 29 13 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 231 168 Time to export (days) 13 11 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.8 1.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.6 New businesses registered (thousands)     New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)   6.7 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time)     Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%)     Firms competing against unregistered firms (%)     Firms using banks to finance investments (%)     Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days)     Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)         Private sector investment     Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.1 1.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.6 18.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. ..     Finance and banking     Government debt (% of GDP) 59.5 81.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 85.3 108.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 5.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.5 6.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 109.3 128.5 Real interest rate (%)     Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 ..     Infrastructure     Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4,147 4,104 Paved roads (% of total roads) 92.0 93.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,804 6,599 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)     Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 97.5 120.3 Individuals using the Internet (%) 51.4 75.9 16 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Country tables Cabo Verde Cabo Verde is the new name for the country previously listed as Cape Verde. China Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of Republic of Cyprus. Georgia GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Transnistria. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. South Sudan and Sudan South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011. Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available. However, data reported for Sudan include South Sudan unless otherwise noted. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2014 or data.worldbank.org. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 17 Afghanistan South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.9 29.8 846 Labor force (millions) 6.0 7.5 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 8.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 680 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.2 10.5 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.8 24.6 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.4 21.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 12.8 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.9 53.5 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.7 7.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.6 51.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 5.5 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.5 39.2 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 164 Time to start a business (days) 9 5 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 3 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 275 275 266 Time to export (days) 67 81 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.5 2.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 468 101 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 0.5 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 16.8 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.0 17.6 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 7.6 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 5.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.8 4.1 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 10.1 6.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 18 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.0 36.4 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.8 60.4 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.2 5.5 6.2 18 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Albania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 3.2 2,391 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.4 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.5 14.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,540 4,030 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.3 4.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 18.3 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.5 15.6 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.0 15.6 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 66.1 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.4 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 99.9 108.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.3 31.3 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.3 49.1 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 90 Time to start a business (days) 41 5 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 364 357 327 Time to export (days) 21 19 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.4 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.2 1.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.9 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 82.0 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 52.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 37.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.6 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 19.8 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 893 59 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 10.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 24.7 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 20.3 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.8 68.0 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 8.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.3 22.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.9 38.0 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 9.3 7.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 5.5 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4 12 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.0 .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,623 2,022 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 33.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 47.9 110.7 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.0 54.7 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 19 Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 34.0 38.5 2,391 Labor force (millions) 10.4 12.2 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.3 9.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,660 5,020 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.6 2.6 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.0 9.3 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 59.7 48.5 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 32.3 42.2 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.4 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 73.3 77.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.2 37.2 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.1 27.7 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 153 Time to start a business (days) 25 25 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 14 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 451 451 327 Time to export (days) 15 17 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.6 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 10.4 13.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 25.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 15.0 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 66.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 8.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 49.1 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 5.0 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 4,912 87 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 0.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 31.4 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.8 42.2 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 7.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 11.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.0 14.5 92.4 Real interest rate (%) –7.0 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.3 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 46 54 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.2 77.1 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 869 1,091 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 3.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.2 97.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.8 15.2 41.6 20 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development American Samoa East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 2,391 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 30 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 327 Time to export (days) .. .. 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 5 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.8 .. 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 21 Andorra High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,310 .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.1 .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 79.5 81.5 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 37.6 86.4 75.4 22 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Angola Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.5 20.8 2,391 Labor force (millions) 6.1 7.6 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 7.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 4,580 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 10.1 9.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.5 10.0 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 67.1 59.7 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.1 6.3 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 24.4 30.3 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 23.0 10.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 87.2 95.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 86.0 60.1 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.6 42.2 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 179 Time to start a business (days) 119 66 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 272 282 327 Time to export (days) 64 40 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.2 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 7.1 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.8 34.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 77.7 41.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 2.1 13.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 60.2 7.7 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 5.0 21.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 324 151 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –4.6 –6.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.8 11.7 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 3.3 2.7 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.4 32.6 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 10.4 .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.6 23.5 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 32.3 11.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 54.3 13.1 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 13 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 128 248 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 6.5 4.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.7 47.1 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.1 16.9 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 23 Antigua and Barbuda High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,000 12,480 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.9 –1.7 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 2.3 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.3 19.6 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.1 2.8 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.7 78.1 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.1 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.4 48.7 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.1 54.2 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 71 Time to start a business (days) 31 21 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 184 207 166 Time to export (days) 13 16 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 4.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 6.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 78.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 49.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.7 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 3.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.1 6.2 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.3 31.8 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 91.6 98.6 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 61.6 74.5 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 9.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 7.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 27 34 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.0 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 104.2 143.0 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 27.0 59.0 75.4 24 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Argentina Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.6 41.1 2,391 Labor force (millions) 17.7 18.9 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 7.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,480 .. 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.2 6.3 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.5 9.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.8 30.5 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.3 19.7 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.7 60.4 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.6 10.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.9 4.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 19.7 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 17.4 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 126 Time to start a business (days) 30 25 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 14 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 453 405 327 Time to export (days) 16 12 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 3.0 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.2 12.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.5 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 14.1 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.3 8.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 56.1 68.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 6.9 30.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 46.2 54.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 26.9 18.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 10,659 2,681 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 2.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 21.8 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.2 23.3 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 11.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.6 1.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.7 18.5 92.4 Real interest rate (%) –2.5 –1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 2.0 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 81 103 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 32.2 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,424 2,967 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.5 1.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.3 151.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 17.7 55.8 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 25 Armenia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.0 2,507 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 27.8 18.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,500 3,720 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 12.3 2.8 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.9 21.6 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.3 33.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 11.2 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.8 45.2 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.6 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 457.7 401.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.8 25.1 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.2 49.3 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 37 Time to start a business (days) 18 4 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 580 380 324 Time to export (days) 37 16 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.3 3.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.1 1.5 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.1 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 70.5 13.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 44.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 44.6 31.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.5 16.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 6.3 26.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 454 47 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 4.9 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.8 23.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 20.3 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.8 24.0 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 21.5 15.9 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.0 3.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.0 42.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 14.3 18.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.2 7.7 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 6 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,505 1,755 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.5 111.9 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.3 39.2 18.7 26 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Aruba High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.0 –3.9 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.4 0.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.6 16.3 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 4.7 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 78.9 83.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 0.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.5 70.8 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.9 86.4 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –8.9 18.1 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.0 27.7 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.3 64.3 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 54.7 57.4 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 16.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 7.6 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 103.4 131.9 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.4 74.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 27 Australia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.4 22.7 1,300 Labor force (millions) 10.6 12.0 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 5.2 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,280 59,260 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.4 2.8 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.2 2.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 28.1 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.3 7.5 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.1 69.4 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.7 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 21.3 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.6 21.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 11 Time to start a business (days) 3 3 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 3 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 107 105 166 Time to export (days) 9 9 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 122.0 185.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 8.9 12.2 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –3.5 3.7 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.8 27.6 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 22.6 40.9 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 75.5 87.5 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.9 5.7 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.6 1.7 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 109.0 123.3 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.1 4.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 3.1 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 343 611 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 41.6 43.3 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 10,458 10,712 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 89.8 105.6 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 63.0 82.3 75.4 28 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Austria High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.2 8.4 1,300 Labor force (millions) 4.1 4.4 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 4.3 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 37,210 47,850 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.7 1.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.2 28.6 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 18.2 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.3 69.8 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.3 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.8 57.2 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.9 54.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 30 Time to start a business (days) 25 25 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 170 166 166 Time to export (days) 10 9 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.3 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.6 2.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 26.7 1.0 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 21.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 67.5 81.1 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.1 94.9 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.2 7.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.7 2.8 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 115.6 118.4 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 142 174 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,978 8,374 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 105.2 160.5 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 58.0 81.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 29 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 9.3 2,391 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.7 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.4 5.4 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 6,220 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 12.7 10.8 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.9 5.5 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.6 63.1 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 4.4 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 26.5 31.5 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.7 1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.9 53.7 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 25.6 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 70 Time to start a business (days) 113 7 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 3 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 756 214 327 Time to export (days) 34 28 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.7 2.3 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.9 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 4.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.7 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.2 0.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 68.4 11.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 18.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 0.4 27.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.0 4.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 10.3 12.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 731 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 33.8 7.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 41.3 21.9 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 37.5 .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 6.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.0 13.8 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 21.5 .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.5 20.1 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 0.8 16.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.5 8.1 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 17 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 52.5 55.6 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,388 1,705 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.2 108.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.0 54.2 41.6 30 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bahamas, The High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.33 0.37 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.22 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 13.6 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,680 20,600 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.3 –0.3 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.2 2.1 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 17.9 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 4.5 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 82.4 80.0 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.6 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 44.8 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.0 62.9 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 84 Time to start a business (days) 31 24 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 58 58 166 Time to export (days) 16 19 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 3.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 10.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 67.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 14.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 31.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 4.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 31.9 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 30.0 47.9 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 58.3 73.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 64.3 81.4 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 0.5 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.3 2.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 33 31 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 69.2 80.7 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.0 71.7 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 31 Bahrain High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.88 1.3 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.42 0.74 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 7.4 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,730 19,560 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.1 4.8 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.6 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 83.9 75.3 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.4 48.5 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 46 Time to start a business (days) 9 9 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 36 36 166 Time to export (days) 14 11 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.6 2.9 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 19.5 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 8.9 35.6 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.6 69.9 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.8 70.0 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –5.2 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 5.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 32 62 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 80.3 83.7 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,614 10,018 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.2 161.2 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.3 88.0 75.4 32 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bangladesh South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 143.1 154.7 846 Labor force (millions) 66.5 76.0 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 4.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 840 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.4 6.2 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.1 17.7 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.2 28.5 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.5 17.6 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.6 53.9 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.0 6.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 61.5 78.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.6 23.2 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 32.1 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 130 Time to start a business (days) 50 11 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 400 302 266 Time to export (days) 35 25 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.7 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.2 9.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.2 3.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 54.4 41.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 46.6 39.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 24.7 19.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 50.3 84.7 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 7.8 14.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,796 1,847 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 1.0 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 26.5 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 20.0 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.8 56.5 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 13.2 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.8 49.4 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 4.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 1.3 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 7 21 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 171 259 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 100.7 64.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.3 62.8 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 6.3 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 33 Barbados High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.27 0.28 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.16 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 11.6 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,640 15,080 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.2 0.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.1 15.7 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.0 6.9 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.0 82.9 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.1 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.0 42.5 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.8 54.3 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 91 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 237 166 Time to export (days) .. 9 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. 1.8 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.5 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 4.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 49.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 45.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.7 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 18.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 8.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 69.2 96.8 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 102.7 113.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 71.4 80.6 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 12.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 6.1 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.4 122.5 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 52.5 73.3 75.4 34 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Belarus Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.7 9.5 2,391 Labor force (millions) 4.6 4.5 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.3 9.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,810 6,530 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.6 6.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.8 9.7 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.8 44.4 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.1 25.0 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.5 45.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.3 59.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,153.8 8,335.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.8 81.6 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 77.1 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 63 Time to start a business (days) 79 9 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 16 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 987 319 327 Time to export (days) 22 15 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.8 3.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.4 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.7 7.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 1.1 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.1 13.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 26.4 3.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 42.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 18.9 27.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.3 21.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 11.0 13.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 735 143 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 2.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 32.8 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 30.6 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 6.6 25.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.0 27.1 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 19.8 14.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.1 5.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.9 22.6 92.4 Real interest rate (%) –6.4 –31.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.1 –2.8 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 15 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.0 86.5 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,246 3,628 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.4 113.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 16.2 46.9 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 35 Belgium High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 11.1 1,300 Labor force (millions) 4.6 4.9 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 7.5 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 36,610 44,720 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.6 0.9 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.4 21.8 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.6 12.8 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.9 77.4 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.8 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 78.7 86.1 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.7 85.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 36 Time to start a business (days) 34 4 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 156 160 166 Time to export (days) 9 9 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.4 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 16.3 18.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.4 2.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.9 –0.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 20.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 89.2 92.4 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 99.7 110.6 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 3.3 5.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.3 3.8 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 73.8 92.3 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.2 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 152 104 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.2 78.2 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,510 8,021 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 91.4 111.3 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 55.8 82.0 75.4 36 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Belize Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.27 0.32 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.11 0.14 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 7.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,770 4,490 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.7 2.8 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.4 13.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.3 22.9 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.9 15.8 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.3 64.0 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.6 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.7 61.1 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.7 62.8 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 106 Time to start a business (days) 45 44 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 147 147 327 Time to export (days) 20 17 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.7 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 0.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.7 4.3 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 6.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 58.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 36.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 0.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 162 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.4 6.4 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.1 13.6 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 74.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 52.7 71.2 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.1 56.4 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 11.7 11.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 8.0 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 59 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.3 53.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.2 25.0 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 37 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.2 10.1 846 Labor force (millions) 3.3 4.2 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.3 1.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 530 750 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.0 3.8 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.3 32.4 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.3 13.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.8 7.7 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.4 54.3 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.4 6.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.6 15.0 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 27.0 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 174 Time to start a business (days) 31 15 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 266 Time to export (days) 34 26 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.5 24.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 21.2 22.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 79.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 24.3 3.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 71.7 86.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 2.7 8.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 707 25 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.2 2.1 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 17.6 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 7.0 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.9 27.5 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.3 24.0 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 73 .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 4.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.3 83.7 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.3 3.8 6.2 38 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bermuda High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 117,640 104,590 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.3 –1.2 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.8 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.4 6.0 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.7 1.0 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 88.7 93.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 2.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.2 139.5 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 65.4 91.3 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 39 Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.65 0.74 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.38 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 2.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,230 2,420 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.9 9.3 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.2 15.9 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.3 43.9 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 9.3 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.5 40.2 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.3 10.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.1 53.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.2 34.6 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.9 52.7 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 141 Time to start a business (days) 62 32 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 274 274 324 Time to export (days) 38 38 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 36.3 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.2 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 15.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 2.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 19.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 64.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 5.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 0.5 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.9 56.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 39.8 46.7 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 79.5 56.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.8 55.7 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 17.0 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 5.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.2 47.5 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.7 12.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.5 8.5 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 3 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.1 34.2 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.5 75.6 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.8 25.4 18.7 40 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.4 10.5 2,507 Labor force (millions) 4.1 4.9 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 3.2 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,000 2,220 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.1 4.7 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.4 13.0 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.0 38.7 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 13.5 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.6 48.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.4 4.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 6.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 47.3 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 37.9 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 162 Time to start a business (days) 50 49 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 15 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 1,080 1,025 324 Time to export (days) 24 21 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.6 3.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 0.6 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 13.5 28.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 19.6 3.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 90.1 80.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 22.2 27.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 21.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 13.8 22.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,422 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –2.5 3.9 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 18.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 7.8 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.4 48.0 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.3 8.6 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 11.3 1.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.0 44.2 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.1 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.5 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 26 36 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.9 11.6 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 467 623 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.4 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 25.9 90.4 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.2 34.2 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 3.8 2,391 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 25.7 28.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,940 4,750 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.0 2.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 8.4 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.1 24.8 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.3 11.8 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.4 66.8 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.1 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.6 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 31.2 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.7 55.1 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 131 Time to start a business (days) 63 37 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 11 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 368 407 327 Time to export (days) 23 16 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.0 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.7 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.1 11.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 67.6 1.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 46.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 38.1 59.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.8 50.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 16.4 30.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. 662 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.7 2.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 22.1 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 14.9 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.2 48.7 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.7 14.2 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.3 13.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.1 63.2 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 6.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 3.9 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 1 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 92.1 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,319 3,189 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 41.1 87.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.3 65.4 41.6 42 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.0 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.91 1.0 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.0 17.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,730 7,650 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.9 3.7 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 2.9 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.6 35.2 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 6.4 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.3 61.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.6 7.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 7.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 44.5 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.6 50.0 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 56 Time to start a business (days) 107 60 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 152 327 Time to export (days) 33 27 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.2 1.7 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.7 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.6 15.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.7 12.3 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.0 10.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.5 8.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 49.7 54.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 11.3 32.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.5 39.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.7 21.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 104 28 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 2.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 34.8 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 27.3 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 19.1 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.4 42.6 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.8 31.8 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 0.2 9.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 7.4 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 8 8 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.6 .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,421 1,603 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.7 4.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.1 153.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.3 11.5 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 43 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 186.1 198.7 2,391 Labor force (millions) 94.6 104.7 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 6.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 11,630 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.8 3.8 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.7 5.2 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 26.3 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.1 13.3 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.0 68.5 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.9 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.4 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 12.6 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.5 14.0 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 116 Time to start a business (days) 152 108 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 13 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 2,600 2,600 327 Time to export (days) 18 13 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 10.0 4.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.9 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 246.7 53.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 2.2 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 7.2 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 55.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 27.8 48.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 36.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 25.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 72,401 67,544 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 3.4 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 18.1 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.3 15.7 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.2 58.7 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.2 10.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 3.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.4 68.4 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 44.9 29.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 37.8 28.7 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 515 1,001 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.2 13.5 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,016 2,438 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.3 125.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.0 49.8 41.6 44 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Brunei Darussalam High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.37 0.41 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.20 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 3.8 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,920 31,590 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.2 0.6 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 0.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 71.6 71.1 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.3 11.8 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.5 28.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.2 0.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.2 81.4 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 31.2 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 59 Time to start a business (days) 116 101 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 18 15 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 144 96 166 Time to export (days) 27 19 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.6 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 5.0 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 13.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.9 61.5 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 9.1 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 5.4 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.3 31.5 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –11.2 4.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 5.3 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 10 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.4 82.3 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,401 8,507 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 63.3 113.9 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 36.5 60.3 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.7 7.3 2,391 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.4 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 12.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,640 6,840 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.5 1.8 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.5 6.4 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 30.4 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 16.7 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 63.2 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.0 3.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.6 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 66.6 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.6 70.3 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 58 Time to start a business (days) 32 18 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 616 454 327 Time to export (days) 25 20 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.9 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.3 44.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.7 9.0 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.0 10.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 42.6 6.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.3 54.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 37.7 34.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.1 44.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.1 19.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 5,770 616 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 14.2 4.1 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 21.4 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 18.1 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 18.1 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.5 66.8 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 10.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.2 16.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 41.0 71.9 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 7.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.6 6.6 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 10 12 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.4 98.6 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,122 4,864 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.7 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.3 148.1 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 20.0 55.1 41.6 46 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.4 16.5 846 Labor force (millions) 6.0 7.5 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 3.3 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 670 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.4 5.5 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.0 35.3 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.0 26.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.7 5.9 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.0 38.5 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.4 3.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.7 27.5 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.8 34.3 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 154 Time to start a business (days) 40 13 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 3 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 266 Time to export (days) 45 41 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.2 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.6 1.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.5 22.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 19.5 6.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 88.1 75.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 23.1 25.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 19.6 23.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 7.3 14.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 42 62 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 0.4 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 17.6 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 9.7 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 26.0 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.5 21.6 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1 4 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 15.8 20.6 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 7.5 9.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.7 60.6 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.5 3.7 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 47 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.8 9.8 846 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.5 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 7.7 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 240 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.2 4.3 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 44.5 40.6 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.5 16.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.9 9.1 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.1 42.5 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 13.5 18.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,081.6 1,442.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 8.2 9.0 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 37.5 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 140 Time to start a business (days) 13 5 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 3 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 274 266 Time to export (days) 47 32 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 38.6 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.6 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 12.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24.1 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 7.1 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 54 .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 28.4 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 15.0 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.1 17.9 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.9 19.5 30.7 Real interest rate (%) –0.3 –1.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.4 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 10.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.0 22.8 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.5 1.2 6.2 48 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cabo Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.48 0.49 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.20 0.23 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 7.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,330 3,830 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.9 5.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.0 7.8 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.1 17.8 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.8 5.4 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.9 74.4 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.4 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 88.7 85.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 31.8 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.3 53.5 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 121 Time to start a business (days) 52 10 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 186 186 324 Time to export (days) 22 19 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 12.2 3.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 10.4 1.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.4 44.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 26.3 35.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.8 30.5 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.2 15.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. 5 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.4 4.1 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 44.2 46.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 36.0 33.7 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.0 73.7 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.9 61.7 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.8 6.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 6.1 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 11 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 11.3 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.1 86.0 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.1 34.7 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 49 Cambodia East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.4 14.9 846 Labor force (millions) 6.9 8.4 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.7 1.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 880 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 9.1 6.2 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.4 35.6 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 24.3 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.8 16.0 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.2 40.1 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.3 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4,092.5 4,033.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.1 54.1 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.7 59.5 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 137 Time to start a business (days) 86 104 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 137 173 266 Time to export (days) 43 22 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 6.0 6.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.1 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.5 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 60.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 11.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.5 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 2.8 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 343 7 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 11.1 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 16.0 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 8.4 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.3 43.2 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.0 38.8 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 3 5 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.3 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 66 164 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 128.5 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.3 4.9 6.2 50 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.1 21.7 2,507 Labor force (millions) 7.0 8.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 3.8 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 900 1,170 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.8 3.2 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 .. 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.4 .. 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 .. 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.1 .. 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.0 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.5 29.2 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 31.9 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 168 Time to start a business (days) 45 15 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 654 630 324 Time to export (days) 27 23 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.2 2.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 30.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 12.8 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 65.4 30.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 84.6 90.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 19.5 31.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 78.9 17.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 16.4 20.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 486 263 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 2.1 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 19.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 13.4 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.9 16.7 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 14.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 14.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 11 5 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.4 10.1 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 182 256 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 11.6 9.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.4 60.4 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.4 5.7 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 51 Canada High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 32.3 34.8 1,300 Labor force (millions) 17.7 19.3 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 7.2 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 33,110 51,570 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.5 1.2 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.2 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 30.4 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 32.4 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 19 Time to start a business (days) 3 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 1 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 119 131 166 Time to export (days) 8 8 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 0.8 0.8 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.6 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 20.9 25.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 1.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 2.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 22.8 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 47.1 54.8 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 148.9 .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 5.1 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.5 0.6 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 178.2 .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 1.1 1.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.6 2.5 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,018 1,280 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.9 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 17,319 16,473 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.8 80.1 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 71.7 86.8 75.4 52 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cayman Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 97.9 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 166.5 171.7 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 38.0 74.1 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 53 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.0 4.5 846 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.1 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 510 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.5 6.7 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 54.9 54.3 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.3 13.7 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 6.5 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 30.8 32.0 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.9 5.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.2 11.6 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 21.6 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 188 Time to start a business (days) 22 22 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 504 483 266 Time to export (days) 57 46 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.8 4.8 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 66.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 25.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 11.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 37.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. 17 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 3.3 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.8 14.7 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.3 8.7 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 12.4 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 11.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 6.8 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 29.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 25.3 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.3 3.0 6.2 54 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Chad Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.0 12.4 846 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.6 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.8 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 770 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 17.2 4.9 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 54.8 55.8 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.4 12.7 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.2 2.0 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.7 31.5 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.9 10.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 29.5 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.9 39.1 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 189 Time to start a business (days) 64 62 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 732 732 266 Time to export (days) 78 73 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.3 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 21.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 89.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 43.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 11 78 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -1.5 2.5 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.6 26.4 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 15.5 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 2.6 5.8 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.5 5.6 30.7 Real interest rate (%) -8.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 19.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 35.4 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.4 2.1 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 55 Channel Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.16 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 55,320 .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) –1.2 .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.4 56 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Chile High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.3 17.5 1,300 Labor force (millions) 6.8 8.5 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 6.4 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,250 14,310 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.2 3.8 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 3.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.9 35.5 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.7 11.0 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 60.9 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 3.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 559.8 483.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.4 34.2 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 33.9 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 34 Time to start a business (days) 27 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 316 291 166 Time to export (days) 17 15 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.6 3.2 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 28.7 68.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.6 5.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.0 9.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 7.6 0.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 49.6 55.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 29.1 44.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.9 21.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 22.0 22.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 8,980 1,687 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 11.2 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 24.1 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 47.7 45.7 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.1 8.0 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.9 2.2 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 76.3 99.8 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –0.8 8.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 4.3 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 93 125 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.0 23.8 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,066 3,568 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.6 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.7 138.2 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 31.2 61.4 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 57 China East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,303.7 1,350.7 2,391 Labor force (millions) 758.6 787.6 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 4.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,740 5,720 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 9.8 10.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 10.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.4 45.3 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.5 32.5 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 44.6 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.8 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.2 6.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 27.3 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 24.5 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 96 Time to start a business (days) 48 33 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 832 318 327 Time to export (days) 23 21 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.4 1.7 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.2 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 18.3 0.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 38.7 10.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 57.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 28.8 14.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.8 6.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 35.9 53.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 38,487 2,363 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 3.1 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.1 46.8 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.6 25.3 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.0 48.9 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 6.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 8.6 1.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 113.3 133.7 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 1.6 4.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 3.0 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,349 2,780 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 40.8 63.7 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,784 3,298 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.8 80.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.5 42.3 41.6 58 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Colombia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 43.2 47.7 2,391 Labor force (millions) 19.9 23.1 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.3 10.4 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,930 7,020 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.7 4.5 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.4 6.5 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.8 37.5 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 13.0 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.8 56.0 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.0 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,321.6 1,797.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.8 18.3 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.8 19.7 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 43 Time to start a business (days) 42 15 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 456 203 327 Time to export (days) 34 14 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 1.7 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.7 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.3 63.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.1 2.0 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 14.3 12.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 1.1 1.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 55.1 70.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 30.6 35.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 26.4 20.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 5.9 20.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 3,734 1,532 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.0 4.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 23.5 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 52.5 65.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.5 22.0 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.0 14.7 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.7 2.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.3 52.2 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 9.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 7.2 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 162 246 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 898 1,123 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.4 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 50.6 102.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.0 49.0 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 59 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.60 0.72 846 Labor force (millions) 0.20 0.24 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 7.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 650 840 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.6 1.6 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 51.0 46.3 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.0 12.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.4 4.3 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.0 41.6 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.0 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 395.6 382.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 15.3 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 51.8 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 158 Time to start a business (days) 24 15 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 100 100 266 Time to export (days) 31 31 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.4 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 0.5 .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 2.8 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.3 12.4 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.8 7.7 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.7 28.5 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.5 20.6 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 7.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 8.8 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.6 39.5 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.0 6.0 6.2 60 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 54.0 65.7 846 Labor force (millions) 20.9 25.9 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.2 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 230 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.6 5.8 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.4 44.9 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.6 21.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 4.5 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.0 33.4 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 21.3 85.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 473.9 919.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.6 55.5 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 67.3 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 183 Time to start a business (days) 133 31 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 308 348 266 Time to export (days) 46 44 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.2 5.2 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 58.9 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.0 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.3 29.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 64.4 54.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 82.4 90.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 3.3 6.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.5 48.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 4.3 8.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 473 390 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 16.8 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 26.5 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 14.9 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.9 14.5 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.0 8.2 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 27.5 25.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 32.6 20.7 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 1 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 1.8 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 91 105 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 16.9 20.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.1 30.6 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 1.7 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 61 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.5 4.3 2,507 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.8 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.1 7.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 970 2,550 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.7 5.0 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.4 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 71.9 76.6 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 3.6 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.6 20.0 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.1 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.2 87.3 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.5 34.8 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 185 Time to start a business (days) 37 101 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 606 602 324 Time to export (days) 50 50 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 37.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 69.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 19.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 62 19 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.2 20.2 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 25.1 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 9.1 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 0.2 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 6.6 23.2 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.4 9.6 42.1 Real interest rate (%) -3.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 5 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.1 7.1 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 120 172 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 21.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.8 98.8 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.5 6.1 18.7 62 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.3 4.8 2,391 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.3 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 7.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,810 8,820 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.3 4.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 6.3 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.1 25.1 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 17.0 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.9 68.6 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 13.8 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 477.8 502.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.5 37.7 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 41.8 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 102 Time to start a business (days) 77 24 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 402 226 327 Time to export (days) 35 13 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.5 3.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.2 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 33.9 11.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 11.8 3.5 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.6 8.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.0 7.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 70.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 14.9 22.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48.6 39.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 10.4 13.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 625 418 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 5.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.2 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.3 22.4 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.1 14.8 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.4 1.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.6 49.1 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 13.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.5 13.5 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 36 27 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.2 26.0 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,707 1,844 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 25.5 111.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 22.1 47.5 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 63 Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.4 19.8 2,507 Labor force (millions) 6.7 7.8 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 4.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 900 1,220 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) –0.2 1.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 .. 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.9 .. 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 .. 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.3 .. 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.9 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 .. 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 .. 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 167 Time to start a business (days) 45 8 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 324 Time to export (days) 23 25 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.2 2.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 73.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 13.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 4.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 311 286 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 1.9 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.0 .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.2 25.8 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 18.3 42.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 0 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.1 .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 181 212 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 2.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.5 91.2 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.0 2.4 18.7 64 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Croatia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.3 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.0 1.9 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.6 15.8 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,690 13,490 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.6 –0.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 5.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.5 26.3 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 16.2 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 68.8 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.3 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.9 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 43.4 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.6 42.7 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 89 Time to start a business (days) 29 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 232 196 166 Time to export (days) 26 18 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.1 3.1 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.4 8.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.8 2.8 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 20.1 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 31.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 45.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 2.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 18.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 16.7 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.8 75.0 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.1 14.2 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.2 13.8 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.6 68.0 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.6 7.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.5 7.6 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 22 26 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 89.0 91.1 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,476 3,901 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.2 115.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 33.1 63.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 65 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.3 11.3 2,391 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.3 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.9 2.4 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,950 5,890 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.6 4.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 5.0 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.4 20.5 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 10.7 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.0 74.5 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.0 20.0 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.3 19.1 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 30 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 327 Time to export (days) .. .. 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 776 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.0 12.2 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 11 8 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,152 1,327 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 14.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.7 25.6 41.6 66 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Curaçao High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.14 0.15 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 67 Cyprus High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.0 1.1 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.52 0.59 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.3 11.8 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,490 26,110 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.1 1.5 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.5 .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.7 .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.6 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.3 40.1 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.9 46.6 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 39 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 147 166 Time to export (days) .. 7 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. 1.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.1 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.5 18.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 20.2 22.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 5.5 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 18.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 180.6 131.0 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 176.9 243.3 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 5.2 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 18.6 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 209.9 305.1 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 13 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.6 65.8 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,080 4,271 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.8 98.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 32.8 61.0 75.4 68 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Czech Republic High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.5 1,300 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.3 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 7.0 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,920 18,130 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.9 1.6 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.0 37.3 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 25.5 24.7 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 60.4 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.8 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 24.0 19.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.4 78.0 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.7 72.4 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 75 Time to start a business (days) 40 20 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 930 413 166 Time to export (days) 17 17 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 9.2 2.1 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.7 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.1 21.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 3.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 1.9 10.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 36.0 0.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 42.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 20.8 33.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.4 50.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 15.9 43.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.9 5.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 23.1 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 22.0 42.9 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 47.8 66.9 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.0 6.9 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.4 5.2 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.4 56.7 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.1 3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.4 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 75 44 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,357 6,289 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 115.1 126.8 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 35.3 75.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 69 Denmark High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.6 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.9 2.9 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 7.5 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 48,590 59,870 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.2 -0.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.3 1.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.4 21.8 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.5 11.0 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.2 76.8 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.8 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 54.8 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 49.7 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 5 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 135 130 166 Time to export (days) 6 6 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.3 1.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.3 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 18.6 15.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.2 4.4 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 0.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 17.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 36.7 48.3 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.2 52.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 5.3 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.6 6.0 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 171.8 205.2 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 13 .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,659 6,122 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.6 117.6 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 82.7 93.0 75.4 70 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Djibouti Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.78 0.86 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.24 0.29 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,030 .. 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.0 .. 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 .. 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 .. 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 .. 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 79.9 .. 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.1 3.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 177.7 177.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 .. 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.0 .. 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 160 Time to start a business (days) 37 17 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 66 82 324 Time to export (days) 27 20 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 180 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 .. 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.0 .. 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.1 .. 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.3 9.1 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.7 24.7 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.0 8.3 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 71 Dominica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.07 2,391 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,980 6,440 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.9 3.3 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.0 15.5 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 15.9 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.9 3.1 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.2 68.6 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 40.1 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.2 51.4 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 77 Time to start a business (days) 14 12 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 147 117 327 Time to export (days) 16 13 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 3.3 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 2.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 5.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 10.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 46.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 5.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 1.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 4.1 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 22.2 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.3 93.9 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 48.9 59.9 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 10.6 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 5.9 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.9 81.9 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 73.7 152.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 38.5 55.2 41.6 72 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.3 10.3 2,391 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.6 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.0 13.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,880 5,470 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.1 6.0 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.5 6.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 31.7 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 23.5 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 62.2 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.2 3.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 30.0 39.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.0 24.9 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 34.0 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 117 Time to start a business (days) 74 19 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 232 324 327 Time to export (days) 17 8 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.5 3.5 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.7 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 6.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 1.0 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 8.8 11.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 17.3 15.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 75.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 12.5 39.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30.2 24.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 9.6 11.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 2,599 108 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 6.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 16.3 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.8 21.7 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.5 9.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.9 3.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.9 23.2 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 20.9 9.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.2 8.0 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 2 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 737 893 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 17.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 38.8 86.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.5 45.0 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 73 Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.8 15.5 2,391 Labor force (millions) 6.5 7.4 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 4.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,890 5,170 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.8 4.0 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.0 9.9 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.4 36.9 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.1 12.3 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.6 53.3 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.4 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.6 31.2 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 33.2 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 135 Time to start a business (days) 69 56 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 13 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 600 654 327 Time to export (days) 22 20 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.3 5.3 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.9 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 17.3 22.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.3 0.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 65.4 65.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 24.0 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.3 10.7 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 18.2 9.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,865 299 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 0.7 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 26.6 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 20.9 29.8 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 8.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.5 3.2 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.8 27.3 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 1.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 30 61 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.8 .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 760 1,192 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.6 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 45.3 106.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.0 35.1 41.6 74 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 71.8 80.7 2,507 Labor force (millions) 23.1 27.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 11.9 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,290 2,980 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.4 5.1 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.9 14.5 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.9 39.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 14.7 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 46.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.9 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 6.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.3 17.4 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.6 25.8 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 128 Time to start a business (days) 22 8 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 504 392 324 Time to export (days) 27 12 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.2 4.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.2 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.9 6.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 23.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 10.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 133.9 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.0 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 4,971 832 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 1.1 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 15.6 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.6 10.8 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 85.8 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 84.3 61.1 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.0 7.2 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 26.5 9.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 29.1 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 –0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 4.4 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 45 85 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.0 92.2 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,328 1,743 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.0 119.9 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.8 44.1 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 75 El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.1 6.3 2,507 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.7 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 6.9 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,810 3,590 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.3 1.2 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.6 11.8 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.7 27.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.1 20.4 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.7 61.0 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.7 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 28.4 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.2 46.5 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 118 Time to start a business (days) 40 17 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 320 320 324 Time to export (days) 22 13 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 3.5 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.4 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.7 1.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.2 19.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 0.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 73.8 65.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 17.3 31.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.1 28.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 10.9 14.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,196 110 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 2.0 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 14.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 11.6 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 48.3 47.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.0 40.8 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 14.2 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.9 2.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 42.9 40.1 42.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 24 27 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.2 53.1 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 753 830 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.6 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 39.7 137.3 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.2 25.5 18.7 76 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Equatorial Guinea High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.60 0.74 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.39 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.4 7.6 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,250 13,560 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 26.0 3.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 94.4 .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.2 .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 3.0 .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.6 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.4 84.4 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 61.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 166 Time to start a business (days) 137 135 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 20 18 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 492 492 166 Time to export (days) 29 29 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.4 12.0 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 39.2 52.5 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 24.0 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.1 15.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.1 6.7 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –17.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.1 68.1 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.1 13.9 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 77 Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.9 6.1 846 Labor force (millions) 2.3 3.0 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 7.9 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 450 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.9 1.2 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 14.5 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.9 22.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 5.7 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.9 63.0 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15.4 15.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 6.2 14.4 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.9 23.2 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 184 Time to start a business (days) 76 84 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 216 216 266 Time to export (days) 59 50 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 0.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 28.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 11.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 15.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 40 .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 2.4 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 10.0 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.5 1.9 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 107.3 89.7 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.6 13.9 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 50 49 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.8 5.0 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.4 0.8 6.2 78 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Estonia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.3 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.67 0.69 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 10.1 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,690 16,270 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.1 0.3 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 4.1 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.7 28.9 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.5 15.4 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.8 66.9 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.1 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.7 90.6 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.2 90.3 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 22 Time to start a business (days) 35 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 81 81 166 Time to export (days) 6 6 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.1 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.2 7.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.8 8.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.1 5.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.7 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 26.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 25.0 41.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.2 207.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.9 21.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.5 7.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.1 25.2 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 5.9 10.5 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.8 54.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.4 9.9 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.2 2.6 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 69.7 77.4 150.5 Real interest rate (%) -1.1 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 5.1 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 8 20 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.7 18.2 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,546 6,279 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 109.1 160.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 61.5 79.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 79 Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 76.2 91.7 846 Labor force (millions) 34.7 43.6 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 5.4 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 160 380 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.6 9.7 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.6 48.8 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 10.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.1 3.6 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.5 41.1 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.9 22.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.7 17.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.3 14.0 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 32.2 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 125 Time to start a business (days) 34 15 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 212 306 266 Time to export (days) 47 44 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 1.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.8 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.3 3.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 37.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 10.9 16.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44.2 111.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 4.2 13.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 0.7 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 34.6 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.6 21.9 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.2 .. 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.2 .. 30.7 Real interest rate (%) –2.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 31 62 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.0 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 34 52 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.7 5.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 22.4 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 1.5 6.2 80 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Faeroe Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 85.5 118.6 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 67.9 85.3 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 81 Fiji East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 0.87 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.32 0.34 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 8.4 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,590 4,110 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.6 0.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.1 13.2 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.2 18.9 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 14.1 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.8 67.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.4 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.1 62.3 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.1 64.9 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 62 Time to start a business (days) 46 59 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 11 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 185 327 Time to export (days) 24 18 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.5 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 4.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 39.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 37.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 19.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 22.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 50 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 6.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.1 59.9 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.7 77.9 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 0.0 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 4.5 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 42 16 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.9 98.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.5 33.7 41.6 82 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Finland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.4 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.7 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 7.6 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,550 46,490 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.6 0.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 26.0 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.5 15.4 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.1 71.3 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.9 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 40.6 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.7 41.4 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 12 Time to start a business (days) 14 14 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 3 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 269 93 166 Time to export (days) 9 9 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.1 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.4 8.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.4 2.3 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 1.8 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 19.6 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 44.1 52.7 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.7 64.2 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 4.4 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.5 0.5 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.1 99.2 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 107 88 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.0 65.8 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,116 15,738 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.5 172.3 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 74.5 91.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 83 France High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 63.2 65.7 1,300 Labor force (millions) 28.8 30.1 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 9.9 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,850 41,750 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.5 0.5 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 2.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.0 18.8 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.6 10.0 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.1 79.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 27.4 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.0 29.7 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 38 Time to start a business (days) 7 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 132 132 166 Time to export (days) 19 10 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.7 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 117.3 121.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.9 2.9 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.2 1.1 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 19.8 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 72.9 103.8 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 69.0 89.5 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 5.2 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.8 4.3 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 92.7 116.0 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 728 655 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,655 7,289 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 78.3 97.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 42.9 83.0 75.4 84 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development French Polynesia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.27 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.10 0.12 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 47.1 82.5 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.5 52.9 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 85 Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.6 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.49 0.61 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.5 20.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,080 10,040 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.6 3.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 3.9 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 61.4 62.2 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.1 .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.8 33.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.7 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.7 56.9 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 31.4 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 163 Time to start a business (days) 57 50 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 488 488 327 Time to export (days) 19 20 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.6 3.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.4 4.1 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 2.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 22.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 76.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 6.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 34.5 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 18.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 204 20 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 3.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 31.0 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.2 17.0 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 11.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 14.1 7.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.4 10.6 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 0.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9 0 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.2 .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 915 907 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 4.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 53.4 179.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.9 8.6 41.6 86 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.8 846 Labor force (millions) 0.60 0.75 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 7.7 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 510 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.2 3.8 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.1 20.4 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 13.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.6 4.9 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.9 66.6 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.8 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.6 32.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.8 28.6 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.6 50.7 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 150 Time to start a business (days) 27 27 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 376 376 266 Time to export (days) 23 23 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 7.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.6 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 7.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 63.9 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 22.2 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 7 .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.6 3.7 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 23.1 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 10.7 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 115.3 65.1 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.9 43.9 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.6 15.7 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 30.2 22.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.6 16.5 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.3 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 21.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.2 85.2 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.8 12.4 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 87 Georgia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.5 2,507 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.4 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 15.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,360 3,290 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.5 4.7 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 8.5 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 23.1 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 14.1 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.5 68.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.2 –0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 38.4 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.6 57.8 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 8 Time to start a business (days) 21 2 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 2 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 448 280 324 Time to export (days) 54 9 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.3 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.3 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.0 14.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.4 4.9 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.9 0.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 39.8 0.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 59.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 40.0 22.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.5 7.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 241 13 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.1 5.3 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 24.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 18.0 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 40.9 32.6 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.5 24.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.8 16.7 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.2 3.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.7 34.5 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.9 13.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.1 4.1 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 3 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 94.1 36.4 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,715 1,918 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.2 107.8 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.1 45.5 18.7 88 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Germany High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.5 80.4 1,300 Labor force (millions) 41.3 41.8 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.1 5.4 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,780 45,070 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.5 1.2 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.8 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 30.5 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.0 22.4 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.9 68.7 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.5 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 51.8 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.1 45.9 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 21 Time to start a business (days) 45 15 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 196 218 166 Time to export (days) 8 9 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.2 1.2 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 66.9 69.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.2 1.3 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 1.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 45.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.2 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 0.8 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 17.6 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 44.7 56.9 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 100.6 115.0 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 4.7 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.0 2.9 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 112.6 101.1 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 8.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,024 1,034 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,113 7,081 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 94.6 111.6 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 68.7 84.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 89 Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.4 25.4 2,507 Labor force (millions) 8.9 10.8 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 3.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 1,550 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.1 7.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.9 22.7 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.5 27.3 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 6.9 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.6 50.0 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 15.1 9.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.4 45.9 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.7 56.2 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 67 Time to start a business (days) 18 14 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 304 224 324 Time to export (days) 47 19 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.3 13.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.9 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 18.1 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 69.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 16.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24.4 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 6.8 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 756 793 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 8.1 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.0 29.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 22.2 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.7 24.2 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 14.8 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 13.0 13.2 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 16.1 42.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 3 12 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.9 12.6 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 259 344 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 9.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.4 101.0 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.8 17.1 18.7 90 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Greece High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.1 11.1 1,300 Labor force (millions) 5.1 5.0 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 24.2 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,400 23,660 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.2 –2.2 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 3.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.7 16.4 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 9.7 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.4 80.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.2 27.0 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 32.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 72 Time to start a business (days) 38 14 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 264 193 166 Time to export (days) 20 16 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 3.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.2 5.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 0.8 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 1.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 55.9 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 25.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.0 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 11.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.7 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 13.1 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 125.4 163.9 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 83.8 85.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 7.3 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 61.8 23.3 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 79.6 120.7 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.3 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 131 100 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,242 5,380 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.9 120.0 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 24.0 56.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 91 Greenland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,690 26,020 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.7 1.5 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.6 104.7 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 57.7 64.9 75.4 92 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.11 2,391 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,800 7,220 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.6 –0.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.4 5.7 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.5 11.7 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.4 0.4 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.1 82.6 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.3 25.2 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.6 51.4 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 107 Time to start a business (days) 20 15 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 140 327 Time to export (days) 19 9 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.6 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 7.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 72.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 32.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 19 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.0 3.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 46.0 18.1 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 79.6 90.0 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.5 86.4 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 17.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.2 6.9 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 45.5 121.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 20.5 42.1 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 93 Guam High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.16 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.07 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 11 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.9 .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 38.6 61.5 75.4 94 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.7 15.1 2,507 Labor force (millions) 4.7 6.0 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.9 4.2 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,070 3,120 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.1 3.4 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.4 11.6 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 29.3 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.2 20.3 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 59.2 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.1 3.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.6 7.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 24.9 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 35.9 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 79 Time to start a business (days) 39 20 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 344 326 324 Time to export (days) 18 17 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.2 4.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.5 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.2 10.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.8 3.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 65.8 69.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 12.8 26.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 35.3 17.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 8.0 11.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 712 106 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 2.3 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 14.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 12.4 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 21.3 24.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.9 39.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.4 9.0 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.9 1.3 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.4 31.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 10.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 8.2 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 8 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.6 44.8 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 479 539 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.2 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.6 137.8 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.7 16.0 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 95 Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.6 11.5 846 Labor force (millions) 3.8 4.7 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 3.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 440 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.0 2.5 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 20.5 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.8 44.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.6 7.2 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.1 33.1 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 31.4 15.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,644.3 7,030.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.8 29.7 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 62.0 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 175 Time to start a business (days) 40 16 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 416 440 266 Time to export (days) 34 36 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.8 3.8 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.2 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.2 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 57.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 62.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 0.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16.1 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 5.2 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 51 43 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 10.8 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 15.0 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 13.3 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 11.2 23.6 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.7 9.1 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.8 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 31.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.0 41.8 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.5 1.5 6.2 96 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.7 846 Labor force (millions) 0.59 0.71 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 7.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 510 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.7 3.1 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.3 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.3 17.3 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.5 31.6 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 180 Time to start a business (days) 259 9 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 208 208 266 Time to export (days) 27 25 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 53.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 0.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.5 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 8.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 7 8 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 2.0 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.6 7.5 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 3.9 5.2 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.9 18.9 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 1.1 15.3 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.9 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 5.2 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.0 63.1 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.9 2.9 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 97 Guyana Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.76 0.80 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.29 0.31 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 24.8 21.7 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,070 3,410 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.8 2.8 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.6 21.5 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 33.9 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.6 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.4 44.6 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.9 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 199.9 204.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 .. 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 119.2 .. 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 115 Time to start a business (days) 42 20 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 288 256 324 Time to export (days) 21 19 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.1 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.3 11.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 5.4 4.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 59.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 32.6 34.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 93.4 36.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.8 29.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 89 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.3 9.7 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 24.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 13.3 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 84.7 56.7 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.1 41.0 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.2 7.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.0 12.3 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 9 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 8.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 37.0 68.8 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 13.8 33.0 18.7 98 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Haiti Latin America & Caribbean Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.3 10.2 846 Labor force (millions) 3.7 4.3 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.4 7.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 760 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) –0.7 1.4 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 15.7 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.4 41.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 13.2 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.9 48.0 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 177 Time to start a business (days) 202 97 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 184 184 266 Time to export (days) 44 33 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.8 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 24 .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 2.3 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.5 38.1 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.5 18.8 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 19.9 1.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 34.8 8.5 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 37 32 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 59.9 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.4 9.8 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 99 Honduras Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.9 7.9 2,507 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 4.8 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,380 2,120 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.7 3.2 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 14.8 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.7 27.9 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.9 19.1 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 57.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.8 5.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 19.0 19.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.0 50.4 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.5 70.2 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 127 Time to start a business (days) 62 14 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 424 224 324 Time to export (days) 19 12 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.8 3.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.1 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.5 17.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 6.1 2.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 71.0 63.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 8.5 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.6 23.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 16.5 16.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 822 12 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.2 5.8 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 24.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 21.3 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.6 45.6 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 11.3 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.0 3.3 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.4 51.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.8 13.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 9.5 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 17 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 620 708 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.9 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.6 92.9 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.5 18.1 18.7 100 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Hong Kong SAR, China High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.8 7.2 1,300 Labor force (millions) 3.6 3.7 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 3.3 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 28,890 36,560 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.2 3.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 8.7 7.1 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.9 1.6 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 91.3 92.9 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.9 4.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 194.7 224.8 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 182.4 223.5 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 2 Time to start a business (days) 11 3 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 80 78 166 Time to export (days) 14 6 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.5 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 73.4 150.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 14.6 28.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.6 28.3 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 26.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 31.6 39.2 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 241.7 321.5 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 8.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.1 0.6 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 143.1 198.1 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 123 186 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,878 5,949 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 123.9 229.2 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 56.9 72.8 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 101 Hungary Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.1 9.9 2,391 Labor force (millions) 4.3 4.4 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 10.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,220 12,410 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.2 –0.5 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 3.5 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.0 31.0 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 23.2 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 65.4 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.6 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 199.6 225.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.9 94.0 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.1 86.5 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 54 Time to start a business (days) 38 5 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 340 277 327 Time to export (days) 16 17 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 21.7 32.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.1 4.8 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.0 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 24.2 0.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 49.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 32.8 48.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.8 48.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 27.4 39.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.7 7.5 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 17.1 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 68.8 86.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.3 45.1 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.3 9.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.6 15.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 56.8 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 3.7 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 47 89 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 38.1 37.9 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,771 3,895 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.3 116.1 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 39.0 72.0 41.6 102 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Iceland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.32 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.19 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 6.0 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 49,620 38,270 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.0 –0.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.8 7.3 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.0 24.2 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.3 13.4 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.2 68.5 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.0 5.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.0 125.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 59.4 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.0 53.3 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 13 Time to start a business (days) 5 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 140 166 Time to export (days) 10 10 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.9 1.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 14.9 8.2 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 19.2 8.0 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 14.5 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 39.4 117.6 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.0 86.5 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 22.6 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.1 6.4 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 247.9 97.3 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 11.6 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.2 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 16 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.4 40.7 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 27,988 52,374 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 95.4 108.1 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 87.0 96.2 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 103 India South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,127.1 1,236.7 2,507 Labor force (millions) 464.5 484.3 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 3.4 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 740 1,550 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.7 7.6 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.8 17.5 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 26.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 14.1 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.1 56.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.2 9.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.3 54.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.3 24.0 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.0 30.7 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 134 Time to start a business (days) 71 27 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 12 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 264 243 324 Time to export (days) 27 16 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.3 4.3 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.4 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 38.1 99.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 52.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 46.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 29.5 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 22.5 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 33,775 31,207 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 1.3 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.3 30.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 22.6 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 61.2 49.7 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.7 64.8 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 7.0 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 3.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.4 51.0 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.2 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 330 661 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 48.6 53.8 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 461 684 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 69.9 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.4 12.6 18.7 104 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Indonesia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 224.5 246.9 2,507 Labor force (millions) 106.4 118.4 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 6.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,230 3,420 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.7 5.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.1 14.4 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.5 46.9 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.4 23.9 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.3 38.6 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.5 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9,704.7 9,386.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 24.3 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.9 25.8 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 120 Time to start a business (days) 151 48 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 560 259 324 Time to export (days) 22 17 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.5 4.5 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.1 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 23.3 47.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.3 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.0 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.2 14.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 65.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 34.0 11.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.6 15.5 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 22.1 2.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 8,168 3,545 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 2.2 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 33.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 47.3 28.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.8 35.6 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 12.2 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.3 1.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.4 35.0 42.1 Real interest rate (%) –0.2 7.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.8 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 321 529 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.4 57.0 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 504 680 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.9 114.2 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.6 15.4 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 105 Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 70.2 76.4 2,391 Labor force (millions) 24.8 26.1 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.1 13.1 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,530 4,330 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.9 3.7 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.2 .. 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.7 .. 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.7 .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.1 .. 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 13.4 27.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,964.012,175.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.1 .. 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.7 .. 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 152 Time to start a business (days) 28 16 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 344 344 327 Time to export (days) 26 25 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.5 4.5 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.8 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,345 242 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.8 14.2 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.0 11.4 92.4 Real interest rate (%) –0.9 –11.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 –0.2 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 121 137 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 71.9 74.3 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,068 2,649 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.1 76.1 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.1 26.0 41.6 106 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Iraq Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.4 32.6 2,391 Labor force (millions) 6.6 8.2 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.0 15.1 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,990 6,130 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) –1.1 6.7 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 37.0 5.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,472.0 1,166.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.3 44.5 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.4 35.8 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 151 Time to start a business (days) 32 29 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 312 312 327 Time to export (days) 102 80 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.2 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.8 2.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.1 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 6.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 29.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 49.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 2.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 19.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 4.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 984 377 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 1.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 10.3 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.4 18.5 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 1.6 6.0 92.4 Real interest rate (%) –14.1 9.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.1 7.2 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 9 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 823 1,343 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 41.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.6 81.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.9 7.1 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 107 Ireland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.2 4.6 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.2 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 14.7 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,380 39,020 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.7 –0.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.2 27.6 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 23.1 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.1 70.8 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.4 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.4 107.8 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.6 83.6 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 15 Time to start a business (days) 18 10 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 76 80 166 Time to export (days) 8 8 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 0.4 0.4 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.3 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 17.0 13.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.0 4.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.0 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 37.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 28.3 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.2 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 23.2 19.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.8 10.7 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 33.0 126.9 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 90.2 102.6 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.3 7.4 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.5 24.6 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 160.0 185.7 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 0.3 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 304 644 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,242 5,701 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.7 107.2 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 41.6 79.0 75.4 108 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Isle of Man High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,440 .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.8 .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.7 2.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 54.4 45.3 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 109 Israel High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.9 7.9 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.7 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 6.9 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,140 32,030 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.0 4.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.3 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.5 3.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.7 36.2 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.1 36.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 35 Time to start a business (days) 20 14 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 230 235 166 Time to export (days) 12 10 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 2.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.3 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.4 14.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.3 3.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 3.7 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 20.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.9 89.6 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.3 10.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.3 2.8 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.8 89.5 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.7 1.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 3.3 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 34 46 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,572 6,926 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 117.5 120.7 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.2 73.4 75.4 110 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Italy High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 58.6 59.5 1,300 Labor force (millions) 24.7 25.1 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 10.7 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,880 34,640 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.9 –0.7 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.2 2.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.5 24.2 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.8 15.6 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.3 73.8 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.0 3.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.9 30.2 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.9 29.1 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 65 Time to start a business (days) 13 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 340 269 166 Time to export (days) 20 19 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.3 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 84.1 75.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.2 1.9 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 0.3 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 17.9 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 112.8 131.1 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.0 94.1 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 5.4 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.0 13.7 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.0 124.4 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 3.4 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 446 306 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,669 5,393 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 121.9 159.8 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 35.0 58.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 111 Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.6 2.7 2,391 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.2 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.9 13.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 5,130 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. –1.0 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.9 6.7 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.0 20.8 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 9.2 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.0 72.5 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 15.3 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.2 89.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.3 30.4 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.2 53.0 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 94 Time to start a business (days) 8 6 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 414 368 327 Time to export (days) 19 20 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.4 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.7 1.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 1.1 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.3 1.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 14.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 66.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 37.0 44.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.9 20.5 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 16.4 16.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,365 15 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 1.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.7 19.7 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 121.1 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.4 39.6 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.8 .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 21.0 29.0 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 5.3 10.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.9 14.1 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 22 17 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 73.3 .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,484 1,553 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 73.9 96.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.8 46.5 41.6 112 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Japan High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 127.8 127.6 1,300 Labor force (millions) 66.6 65.3 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 4.3 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,140 47,870 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.3 0.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 26.2 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 18.6 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.7 72.7 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) –0.3 0.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 110.2 79.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.3 14.7 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.9 16.6 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 27 Time to start a business (days) 30 22 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 315 330 166 Time to export (days) 11 11 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 0.6 0.6 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 80.0 91.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 1.2 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.3 21.2 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 144.3 195.8 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 191.3 223.1 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.8 4.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.8 2.4 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 192.9 176.7 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.4 0.9 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 652 875 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,213 7,848 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.0 110.9 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 66.9 79.1 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 113 Jordan Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.3 2,391 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.7 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.9 12.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,490 4,670 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.3 5.2 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.1 3.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.6 30.1 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.9 18.8 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.3 66.8 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 4.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.8 43.9 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.4 74.3 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 119 Time to start a business (days) 16 12 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 136 151 327 Time to export (days) 28 13 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.8 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.8 3.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.0 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.9 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 8.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 47.1 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 15.5 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,758 669 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.8 4.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 26.0 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 23.4 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 80.0 66.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 116.2 95.6 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 13.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.6 7.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 88.1 72.9 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 4.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 5.0 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 38 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,682 2,289 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 59.9 128.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.9 41.0 41.6 114 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.1 16.8 2,391 Labor force (millions) 7.9 9.0 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 5.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,930 9,780 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 10.1 5.7 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.8 4.7 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.1 39.5 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.8 12.1 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.1 55.8 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.6 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 132.9 149.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 47.6 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.7 30.3 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 50 Time to start a business (days) 25 12 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 271 188 327 Time to export (days) 89 81 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 20.4 19.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 1.7 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.2 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 58.7 24.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 36.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 33.9 16.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.7 33.5 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 11.1 16.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,685 462 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 7.4 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 20.8 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 16.2 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 13.2 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.6 27.9 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 14.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 19.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.7 36.7 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 45 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.2 88.7 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,012 4,893 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.8 185.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.0 53.3 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 115 Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 35.8 43.2 846 Labor force (millions) 13.3 16.7 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.5 9.2 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 520 860 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.4 4.3 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.2 29.9 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 17.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.8 10.4 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.7 52.7 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.3 9.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 75.6 84.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 27.3 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.0 44.5 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 129 Time to start a business (days) 54 32 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 372 308 266 Time to export (days) 45 26 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.5 4.5 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.2 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.3 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.1 7.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 32.3 17.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 59.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 22.9 43.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 40.5 42.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 9.8 21.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,434 666 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.6 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.4 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 14.3 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.2 45.9 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.0 11.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 20.8 4.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.9 36.6 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 7.6 8.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 8.2 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 28 83 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.4 7.0 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 136 155 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 5.8 6.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 71.2 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.1 32.1 6.2 116 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kiribati East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.09 0.10 2,507 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,800 2,520 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.0 1.5 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.7 25.3 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.8 8.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 5.5 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 66.5 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 11.2 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 123.0 105.9 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 122 Time to start a business (days) 31 31 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 120 120 324 Time to export (days) 21 20 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.4 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.1 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 –1.0 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 42.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 15.9 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.0 10.7 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 117 Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.8 24.8 846 Labor force (millions) 14.3 15.1 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 4.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 29 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 266 Time to export (days) .. .. 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 1 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.8 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 810 739 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 6.9 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.0 0.0 6.2 118 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Korea, Rep. High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 48.1 50.0 1,300 Labor force (millions) 24.0 25.8 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.7 3.2 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,900 22,670 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.5 3.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.7 39.1 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.5 31.1 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.0 58.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.8 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,024.1 1,126.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 56.5 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.6 53.4 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 7 Time to start a business (days) 17 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 290 187 166 Time to export (days) 13 8 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 50.3 74.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.4 2.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 0.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 21.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 39.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.9 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.6 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 0.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 26.7 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 105.7 133.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 8.2 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.8 0.6 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 122.1 148.0 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 1.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 221 285 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.8 80.4 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,804 10,162 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.5 109.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 73.5 84.1 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 119 Kosovo Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.7 1.8 2,507 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,520 3,600 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.4 4.7 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 14.0 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 19.5 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 15.0 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 66.5 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) –1.4 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 18.4 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.8 52.8 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 86 Time to start a business (days) .. 30 26 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 162 324 Time to export (days) .. 15 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.1 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 1.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.2 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 9.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 64.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 25.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 76.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 7.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. 446 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 4.5 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 26.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 15.7 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.6 39.6 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 9.6 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 7.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.8 36.2 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 17.8 10.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 9.1 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 26.0 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,169 2,947 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 39.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 18.7 120 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kuwait High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.3 3.3 1,300 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.7 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 1.5 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,160 44,880 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 9.0 1.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.5 .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 51.0 .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.3 .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.5 .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.1 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.0 70.6 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.3 22.9 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 104 Time to start a business (days) 35 32 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 98 98 166 Time to export (days) 19 16 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.2 4.2 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 1.0 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 15.1 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 22.8 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.0 55.4 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 12.6 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.1 5.2 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.5 55.8 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –12.1 –3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 2.9 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 19 30 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.0 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,882 16,122 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 60.2 156.9 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.9 79.2 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 121 Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.6 846 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.6 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 8.4 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 990 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.1 4.2 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.9 20.2 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.4 26.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.4 14.4 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.7 53.8 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.4 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 47.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.7 49.5 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.7 99.7 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 68 Time to start a business (days) 21 8 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 202 210 266 Time to export (days) 64 63 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.2 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.2 3.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 0.9 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.1 11.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 83.8 54.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 42.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 13.6 18.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.1 57.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 14.7 28.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 12 31 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 5.7 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 28.2 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.6 20.4 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.2 .. 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 21.3 18.3 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.6 7.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.0 .. 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 18.2 5.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.8 7.5 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 8 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,540 1,642 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.7 124.2 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 10.5 21.7 6.2 122 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.8 6.6 2,507 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.3 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.4 1.3 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 1,270 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.2 8.0 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.2 28.0 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.6 36.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.9 8.4 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.2 35.8 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.2 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10,655.2 7,981.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.2 36.2 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 48.4 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 159 Time to start a business (days) 153 92 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 672 362 324 Time to export (days) 55 23 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.5 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.1 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.5 5.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 34.5 23.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 41.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 14.1 20.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 58.8 28.7 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 3.3 11.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,339 501 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 3.1 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 31.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 22.8 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.8 29.2 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.4 20.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 16.7 11.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.1 19.6 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9 16 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.4 13.7 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.4 64.7 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.9 10.7 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 123 Latvia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.2 2.0 1,300 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.0 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 14.9 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,000 14,060 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 8.0 –1.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.0 4.1 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.6 21.8 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.6 12.2 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.5 74.1 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.7 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.8 58.8 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.2 62.7 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 24 Time to start a business (days) 16 13 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 320 264 166 Time to export (days) 13 10 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 1.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.9 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.8 15.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.6 11.6 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.2 9.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 30.0 4.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 41.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 27.9 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.5 93.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 9.5 18.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 3.8 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 22.2 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 21.6 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 41.1 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.4 36.2 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 11.2 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.5 8.7 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.2 67.6 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –3.7 1.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 5.2 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 23 47 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,777 3,264 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 84.0 112.1 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 46.0 74.0 75.4 124 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.0 4.4 2,391 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.6 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 8.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,800 9,190 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.0 6.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.2 6.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.3 20.5 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.7 8.5 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.4 73.4 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 28.7 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.6 49.2 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 111 Time to start a business (days) 46 9 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 180 180 327 Time to export (days) 25 22 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 12.0 8.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 23.7 19.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 53.5 23.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 71.6 117.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 20.9 17.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 291 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.0 8.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 29.4 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 27.0 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 217.4 235.0 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 7.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 16.4 3.8 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.5 92.2 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 11.4 1.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 1.5 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 22 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,835 3,499 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.9 80.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 10.1 61.2 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 125 Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.1 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.79 0.86 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 36.4 26.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 910 1,380 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.8 5.0 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 7.4 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.1 34.6 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 12.3 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.9 58.0 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 8.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.9 46.5 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 120.9 108.0 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 136 Time to start a business (days) 93 29 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 564 324 324 Time to export (days) 44 31 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.1 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 1.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.5 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 19.8 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 9.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 59.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 11.9 32.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 13.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 8.6 24.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 88 27 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 8.1 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 31.8 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 20.9 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.1 31.6 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.2 11.2 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.0 2.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.9 18.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.1 4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 7.3 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 4.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.0 75.3 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.6 4.6 18.7 126 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 4.2 846 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.5 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 3.7 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 120 370 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) –1.0 11.6 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 67.0 38.8 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.3 16.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.2 3.3 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 25.7 44.7 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.8 6.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 57.1 73.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.8 32.4 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 89.5 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 144 Time to start a business (days) 68 5 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 158 151 266 Time to export (days) 20 15 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.3 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 54.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 66.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 10.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 2.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 70 .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.3 78.1 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.3 25.4 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 17.8 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 32.7 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.5 29.0 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.7 16.0 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 6.2 9.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.6 10.0 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.9 57.1 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.0 3.8 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 127 Libya Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.6 6.2 2,391 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.3 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 8.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,660 12,930 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.7 4.5 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 .. 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 75.5 .. 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.7 .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.2 .. 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.7 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.4 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 .. 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.3 .. 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 187 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 30 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 889 327 Time to export (days) .. 23 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.8 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.7 45.5 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.7 10.9 92.4 Real interest rate (%) –14.8 57.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 3.5 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 13 14 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,553 3,926 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.7 155.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.9 14.0 41.6 128 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Liechtenstein High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 92,660 136,770 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.5 3.0 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 25.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 79.2 97.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 63.4 89.4 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 129 Lithuania High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 3.0 1,300 Labor force (millions) 1.6 1.5 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 13.2 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,590 13,820 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 8.0 0.8 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.8 3.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.9 28.2 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.8 16.4 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 68.3 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.6 3.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.8 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 77.5 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.6 79.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 17 Time to start a business (days) 26 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 166 175 166 Time to export (days) 10 10 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.7 1.9 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.5 9.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 4.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.5 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 35.4 3.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 50.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 21.8 47.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 37.5 63.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.5 15.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,507 13 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 1.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 17.5 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 21.4 49.4 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.1 37.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 12.3 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.0 14.8 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.9 51.0 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –1.3 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.9 4.3 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 5 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 28.2 30.1 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,187 3,530 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 132.5 165.1 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 36.2 68.0 75.4 130 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Luxembourg High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.53 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.21 0.25 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 5.1 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 69,180 71,640 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.5 0.9 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.4 0.3 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.4 12.9 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 5.3 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 82.2 86.7 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.5 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 155.8 177.3 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 130.3 148.2 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 60 Time to start a business (days) 26 19 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 59 55 166 Time to export (days) 8 8 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.1 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.8 7.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.6 21.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 17.4 50.5 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 19.3 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 3.6 20.5 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 362.7 330.2 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.0 6.3 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.1 0.1 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 129.1 171.2 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 42 36 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,642 15,530 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 111.4 145.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 70.0 92.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 131 Macao SAR, China High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.56 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.26 0.35 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 2.0 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,080 55,720 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 12.8 12.6 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.2 6.4 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.3 0.7 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 84.8 93.6 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.4 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.0 8.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.6 108.3 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.3 49.7 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.0 9.8 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 13.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 140.5 105.5 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.3 57.1 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 –1.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.2 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 24 16 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 113.8 289.8 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 34.9 64.3 75.4 132 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.1 2.1 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.89 0.96 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 37.3 31.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,830 4,620 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.9 2.9 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 11.5 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 26.0 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 13.5 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 62.6 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.2 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.3 47.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 53.2 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 75.5 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 25 Time to start a business (days) 48 2 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 2 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 192 119 327 Time to export (days) 17 12 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 1.8 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.3 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.0 5.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.5 3.6 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.7 14.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 32.8 8.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 73.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 17.7 47.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.5 27.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 14.1 21.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 707 16 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 21.2 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 13.6 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.4 53.1 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.3 11.2 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 11.2 10.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.4 47.6 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 8.1 8.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 3.4 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 1 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.4 58.3 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,326 3,881 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.1 106.2 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 26.5 63.1 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 133 Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.3 22.3 846 Labor force (millions) 8.7 11.3 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 3.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 430 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.0 2.3 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.3 29.1 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 16.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.0 14.1 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.9 54.9 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 18.5 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,003.0 2,195.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.2 26.1 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 37.1 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 148 Time to start a business (days) 38 8 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 2 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 400 183 266 Time to export (days) 49 22 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.0 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 20.8 17.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 6.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 62.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 18.5 12.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 92.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 6.6 8.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 74 88 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 9.0 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 32.6 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 29.4 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 17.5 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.7 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 19.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 11.0 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 51.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 49.5 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 18 12 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 16.3 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 11.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.8 39.4 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.6 2.1 6.2 134 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.9 15.9 846 Labor force (millions) 5.8 7.2 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 7.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 220 320 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.5 3.6 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 33.1 30.2 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.3 19.3 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.3 11.9 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.6 50.5 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 15.4 21.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 118.4 249.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 29.6 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.2 39.5 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 171 Time to start a business (days) 39 40 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 370 175 266 Time to export (days) 45 34 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.7 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.4 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.8 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 15.3 11.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 77.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 20.6 20.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 98.5 59.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.2 17.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 36 56 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 3.0 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 13.5 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 6.6 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.9 31.2 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.9 20.6 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 19.9 11.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.2 21.3 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 2 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 6.4 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.3 29.2 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.4 4.4 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 135 Malaysia East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 25.8 29.2 2,391 Labor force (millions) 11.0 12.7 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 3.1 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,240 9,820 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.1 4.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.3 10.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.4 40.8 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.5 24.2 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.4 49.1 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.0 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 112.9 87.1 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.0 75.3 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 6 Time to start a business (days) 37 6 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 3 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 190 133 327 Time to export (days) 13 11 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.3 1.5 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.3 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 37.7 45.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.2 2.3 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 7.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 48.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.7 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 54.0 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 20,698 5,185 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 3.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.3 25.7 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 14.9 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 42.1 53.3 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 109.2 131.9 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 9.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 9.4 2.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.5 117.8 92.4 Real interest rate (%) –2.7 4.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.0 1.8 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 176 344 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.0 80.9 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,857 4,246 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.6 141.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 48.6 65.8 41.6 136 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Maldives South Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.34 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.12 0.16 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.4 11.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,420 5,750 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.1 7.0 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.8 4.0 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.3 21.4 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 6.7 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.8 74.6 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 13.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.8 15.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.8 105.8 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.5 106.8 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 95 Time to start a business (days) 9 9 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 0 413 327 Time to export (days) 21 21 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.7 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 0.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.9 4.4 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 40 5 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 12.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.4 .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 39.8 73.8 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.9 52.4 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.5 45.6 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 11.8 5.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 6.8 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 5 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.4 165.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.9 38.9 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 137 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.9 14.9 846 Labor force (millions) 3.5 5.2 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 8.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 440 660 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.9 4.4 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.6 42.1 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 22.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.2 .. 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.3 35.3 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.4 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 31.1 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.3 37.6 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 155 Time to start a business (days) 41 11 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 266 Time to export (days) 44 26 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.6 3.6 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.6 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.4 2.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 31.1 20.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 72.8 75.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 7.0 29.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48.4 32.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 8.6 24.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 504 89 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 3.0 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 16.2 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 13.0 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.7 22.6 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 20.7 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 3 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 24.6 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 3.0 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.4 98.4 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.5 2.2 6.2 138 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Malta High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.40 0.42 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.19 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 6.4 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,380 19,710 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.8 1.9 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 1.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.8 32.7 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.1 13.4 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 65.4 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.0 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.8 95.1 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 79.9 90.4 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 103 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 139 166 Time to export (days) .. 11 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. 3.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.7 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.4 4.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 8.6 13.6 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.6 6.9 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 14.6 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 193.5 87.3 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 137.1 150.7 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 7.0 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 9.0 8.2 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.1 127.9 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 15 14 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.5 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,913 4,689 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 78.1 127.0 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 41.2 70.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 139 Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 2,391 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,560 4,040 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.8 1.2 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 114 Time to start a business (days) 17 17 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 128 128 327 Time to export (days) 23 23 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 215.0 21.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 3 3 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 .. 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.9 10.0 41.6 140 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.8 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.96 1.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 32.1 31.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 690 1,110 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.5 4.2 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 30.5 17.0 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.2 46.1 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.0 3.7 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.3 36.9 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.1 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 265.5 296.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 58.0 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.5 94.3 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 173 Time to start a business (days) 82 19 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 696 696 324 Time to export (days) 40 31 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 48.2 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 65.2 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 3.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.5 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 5.9 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 92 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 37.3 28.7 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 59.0 38.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 52.1 30.9 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 18.1 23.9 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.7 28.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.3 21.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.1 11.2 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 3 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.3 34.6 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 3.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.7 106.0 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.7 5.4 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 141 Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.3 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.55 0.60 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.6 7.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,360 8,570 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.3 4.3 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.0 3.5 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 24.7 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.8 16.7 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 71.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.9 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 29.5 32.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.9 54.8 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.9 66.7 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 20 Time to start a business (days) 46 6 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 161 152 327 Time to export (days) 13 10 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.6 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.3 6.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 7.3 7.4 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.6 9.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 51.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 48.4 37.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 28.4 11.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 393 24 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 3.4 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 23.0 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 17.5 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 37.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 94.4 93.4 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 8.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.0 3.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.3 100.8 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 16.1 5.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.8 2.4 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 15 12 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 98.1 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.2 119.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.2 41.4 41.6 142 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 110.7 120.8 2,391 Labor force (millions) 44.8 52.8 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 4.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,710 9,640 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.7 1.9 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.4 3.6 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.5 35.7 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.2 17.4 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.2 60.7 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.0 4.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.9 13.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 32.9 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 34.5 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 53 Time to start a business (days) 58 6 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 552 334 327 Time to export (days) 13 11 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.1 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 40.4 68.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.9 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 20.5 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 9.6 10.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 69.7 70.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 2.6 16.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.3 17.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 20.3 24.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 29,001 5,607 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 1.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 22.6 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 17.2 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.1 27.2 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 10.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.5 2.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.1 27.7 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 4.2 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 3.6 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 331 411 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.5 37.8 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,853 2,092 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.8 1.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.6 83.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 17.2 38.4 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 143 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.10 2,507 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 3,230 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.4 0.2 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.4 28.2 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 5.7 9.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.6 0.5 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.9 62.6 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 156 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 128 128 324 Time to export (days) 30 30 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.3 5.3 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 12.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 41.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 7.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 67.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 6.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.2 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.7 41.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.8 19.4 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 14.0 9.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.8 13.9 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 4.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 30.2 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.9 26.0 18.7 144 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Moldova Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.6 3.6 2,507 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 5.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 2,070 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.1 3.1 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 13.1 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.3 16.8 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.9 13.6 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.1 70.1 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.8 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.6 12.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 43.6 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.7 84.2 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 78 Time to start a business (days) 30 7 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 234 181 324 Time to export (days) 32 32 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.6 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.6 4.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.8 1.6 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.7 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 45.2 15.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 46.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 27.0 30.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30.4 24.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 7.2 9.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 171 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.4 2.5 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.6 23.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 21.2 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 32.4 24.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.9 41.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.7 17.2 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.4 14.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.6 38.1 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.1 5.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.8 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4 7 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.3 86.2 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,048 1,470 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.9 102.0 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 14.6 43.4 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 145 Monaco High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 128,380 .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.7 .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 11 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 50.8 88.3 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 55.5 87.0 75.4 146 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mongolia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.5 2.8 2,507 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.3 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.4 5.2 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 900 3,160 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.7 8.0 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.1 17.1 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 32.9 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 7.2 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.7 50.0 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.7 15.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,205.3 1,357.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.8 50.9 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.6 76.9 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 76 Time to start a business (days) 13 11 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 204 192 324 Time to export (days) 49 49 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.2 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.0 12.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 20.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 43.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 42.3 26.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.7 20.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 20.5 16.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 22 120 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 43.3 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.9 51.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 42.9 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 50.5 59.5 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.2 49.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.6 52.3 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.7 5.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.6 6.8 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 10 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,289 1,577 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.1 120.7 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.0 16.4 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 147 Montenegro Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.62 0.62 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.25 0.25 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 30.3 19.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,650 7,220 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.8 3.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 10.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.7 20.1 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.8 6.0 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 69.8 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.9 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.8 42.4 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.3 66.1 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 44 Time to start a business (days) 24 10 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 372 320 327 Time to export (days) 14 14 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 1.4 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.2 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.0 4.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.8 10.7 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 12.7 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 3.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 27.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 18.6 75.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.0 13.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 248 26 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 25.6 14.1 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 16.9 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.3 12.7 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.4 49.5 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.3 10.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 18.5 17.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.0 53.5 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.3 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 .. 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 63.9 70.4 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,299 5,747 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 3.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 88.2 181.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 27.1 56.8 41.6 148 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Morocco Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.1 32.5 2,507 Labor force (millions) 10.9 11.8 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 9.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,980 2,960 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.0 4.7 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.7 14.6 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 29.6 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 15.2 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.1 55.8 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.0 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.9 8.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.3 36.2 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 50.4 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 87 Time to start a business (days) 12 11 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 358 232 324 Time to export (days) 17 11 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.2 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 11.3 26.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.3 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 10.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 47.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 26.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.8 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 22.3 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 7,389 4,125 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 3.0 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.5 31.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 25.8 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 57.3 59.6 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 70.9 90.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 8.5 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 15.7 5.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.1 73.3 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 49 62 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 61.9 70.6 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 641 826 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 41.1 120.0 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.1 55.0 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 149 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.0 25.2 846 Labor force (millions) 9.9 11.6 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 7.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 510 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 8.5 6.9 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 26.4 30.3 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.8 22.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.1 13.5 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.9 46.8 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.2 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 23.1 28.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 29.8 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.9 71.3 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 139 Time to start a business (days) 153 13 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 230 230 266 Time to export (days) 28 21 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 30.9 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 9.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 75.5 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 10.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.7 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 18.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,663 72 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 36.8 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 48.3 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 35.8 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.6 40.9 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 9.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.5 3.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.8 26.2 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 10.1 13.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 5.4 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 10 13 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 20.8 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 440 447 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.2 36.2 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.9 4.8 6.2 150 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Myanmar East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 50.2 52.8 846 Labor force (millions) 28.0 31.0 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.0 4.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 12.8 .. 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.4 .. 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.2 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.6 .. 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.4 .. 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.4 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.2 .. 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.1 .. 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 182 Time to start a business (days) .. 72 29 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 155 266 Time to export (days) .. 25 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. 5.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.6 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.7 .. 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.1 .. 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.7 .. 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 26 32 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 48.1 45.7 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 73 110 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 10.3 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.1 1.1 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 151 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.3 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.75 0.84 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.2 16.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,390 5,610 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.4 4.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.3 9.6 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 30.9 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.6 12.3 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 59.4 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.3 6.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 8.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 42.6 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.3 52.5 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 98 Time to start a business (days) 95 66 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 339 314 327 Time to export (days) 25 25 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 1.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.9 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 33.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 8.1 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.2 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.6 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 36 36 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.4 2.7 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 21.9 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 14.5 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 34.9 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.1 55.6 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.8 8.0 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.0 1.3 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.8 48.4 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 -2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 4.4 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 12 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.0 14.5 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,453 1,549 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.4 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.1 95.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.0 12.9 41.6 152 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nepal South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 25.3 27.5 846 Labor force (millions) 13.0 14.8 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.5 2.7 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 700 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.3 4.5 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.3 37.0 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.7 15.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.2 6.5 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.0 47.6 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.8 9.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 72.5 81.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.6 10.0 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.5 33.4 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 105 Time to start a business (days) 31 17 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 408 326 266 Time to export (days) 43 42 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.2 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.5 10.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.7 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 1.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 10.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 55.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 21.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 8.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 166 274 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.5 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 20.0 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 15.4 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 51.8 33.9 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.7 65.3 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.7 55.8 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 –6.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 4.4 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 35 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.1 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 78 106 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 8.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 59.6 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.8 11.1 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 153 Netherlands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.3 16.8 1,300 Labor force (millions) 8.6 9.0 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 5.3 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,880 48,000 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.2 0.7 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.9 1.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.1 24.3 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.5 12.6 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.9 74.0 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.6 88.0 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 79.6 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 28 Time to start a business (days) 9 4 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 250 123 166 Time to export (days) 7 7 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.8 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 46.5 49.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.2 4.4 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.9 0.9 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 17.0 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 51.5 72.6 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 112.9 135.9 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 3.0 4.7 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.0 3.1 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 165.0 200.3 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 0.3 0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 0.4 –1.1 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 241 260 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,988 7,036 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 97.1 118.0 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 81.0 93.0 75.4 154 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development New Caledonia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.23 0.26 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.10 0.11 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.7 91.2 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 32.4 58.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 155 New Zealand High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 4.4 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.4 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.8 6.9 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,150 36,900 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.0 1.2 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 6.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.9 24.1 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 12.4 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.1 69.3 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.0 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.4 1.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 28.6 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.5 29.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 3 Time to start a business (days) 12 1 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 1 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 172 152 166 Time to export (days) 10 10 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.3 1.3 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.9 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 64.8 44.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 23.6 15.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.3 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.9 18.8 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 44.5 69.1 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 77.5 92.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.3 7.2 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.3 1.4 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 121.6 145.4 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.6 6.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.1 1.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 209 212 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.5 66.2 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,674 9,399 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 85.4 110.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 62.7 89.5 75.4 156 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.5 6.0 2,507 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.5 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 7.7 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,160 1,650 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.1 3.2 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.7 20.0 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.1 26.7 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.9 16.4 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.2 53.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.6 7.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 16.7 23.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.4 44.0 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.3 61.7 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 124 Time to start a business (days) 39 36 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 240 207 324 Time to export (days) 38 21 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.2 2.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 9.3 20.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 4.2 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 73.4 62.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 13.0 21.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 62.7 24.7 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 18.7 15.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 449 158 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 7.7 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 25.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 20.2 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.9 29.2 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 12.6 .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.6 26.9 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.1 11.0 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.7 13.3 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 411 522 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 9.3 4.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.5 86.1 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.6 13.5 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 157 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.2 17.2 846 Labor force (millions) 4.3 5.6 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 5.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 390 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.7 5.2 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.7 38.2 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 20.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.1 6.0 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.9 41.5 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.8 0.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.6 24.8 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.8 43.7 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 176 Time to start a business (days) 35 17 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 266 Time to export (days) 59 57 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.5 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 11.4 22.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 17.1 13.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 86.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 14.6 9.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.6 37.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 4.8 4.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 89 86 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 11.7 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 33.8 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 23.7 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.7 13.1 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 14.5 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.6 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 20.7 18.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 31.4 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 1.4 6.2 158 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 139.6 168.8 2,507 Labor force (millions) 43.3 52.6 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 7.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 1,440 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.6 6.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.8 33.1 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.5 40.6 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.8 1.9 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.7 26.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 17.9 12.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 131.3 156.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 55.4 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.1 22.8 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 147 Time to start a business (days) 35 28 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 1,120 956 324 Time to export (days) 41 22 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.3 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.0 81.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.9 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.9 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 60.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 2.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.5 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 8.5 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 10,950 2,129 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 2.7 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 5.5 8.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 28.6 18.4 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 32.9 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.0 10.7 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 9.3 3.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.2 20.9 42.1 Real interest rate (%) –1.5 14.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.4 8.4 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 10 66 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 15.0 .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 129 149 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 25.2 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 66.8 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.5 32.9 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 159 Northern Mariana Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.05 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 31.0 .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.4 160 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Norway High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.6 5.0 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.7 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 3.2 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 62,760 98,780 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.1 0.8 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.8 42.0 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 7.2 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.6 56.8 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.5 0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 5.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 40.9 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.8 27.6 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 9 Time to start a business (days) 8 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 87 83 166 Time to export (days) 8 8 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.8 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 20.5 25.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.8 7.8 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 4.6 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 20.7 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 35.9 20.9 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 51.1 .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 6.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.6 1.5 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 80.9 .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –4.5 10.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 2.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 254 .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 77.5 80.7 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 25,083 23,174 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.8 116.7 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 82.0 95.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 161 Oman High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.5 3.3 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.91 1.6 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 8.1 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,780 19,450 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.1 5.7 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.9 .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 55.1 .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.3 .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.0 .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.9 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.6 62.0 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.2 32.5 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 47 Time to start a business (days) 35 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 52 68 166 Time to export (days) 14 10 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.4 3.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 1.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 31.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.7 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 10.8 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 1.9 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 8.6 5.0 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.8 33.1 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.9 13.0 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.0 2.1 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.8 41.2 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –11.1 –0.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 3.0 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 32 40 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.7 49.3 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,084 6,292 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.9 159.3 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.7 60.0 75.4 162 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Pakistan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 158.0 179.2 2,507 Labor force (millions) 51.4 63.8 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.1 5.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 710 1,260 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.0 3.1 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.5 24.4 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.1 22.0 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 14.4 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.4 53.6 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.1 9.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 59.4 89.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.7 12.3 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.6 20.3 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 110 Time to start a business (days) 24 21 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 560 577 324 Time to export (days) 31 21 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.9 4.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 1.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 58.8 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 12.4 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 9.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 106.3 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 9.6 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 7,642 1,525 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 0.4 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 13.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 9.6 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.9 30.8 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 9.0 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 9.0 14.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.6 16.9 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.5 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 49 67 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 63.1 72.6 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 450 449 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 31.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 67.1 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.3 10.0 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 163 Palau East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.02 0.02 2,391 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,910 9,860 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.2 –1.9 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.5 5.6 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.0 8.6 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.8 1.1 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.6 85.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.4 70.4 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.9 77.0 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 100 Time to start a business (days) 24 28 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 128 142 327 Time to export (days) 29 26 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.0 2.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 65.8 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 2.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.4 82.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 27.0 .. 41.6 164 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Panama Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.4 3.8 2,391 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.8 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 4.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,460 8,510 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.4 8.7 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 3.9 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 17.8 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 5.3 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.5 78.3 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.2 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.5 83.5 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.1 78.5 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 55 Time to start a business (days) 18 6 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 560 417 327 Time to export (days) 10 10 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.4 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 40.3 34.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 18.9 14.1 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 10.3 33.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 7.7 6.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 40.1 51.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 19.2 1.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.2 1.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 14.7 22.5     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 712 33 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.1 9.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 27.8 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.8 78.0 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.1 10.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.9 2.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.1 89.6 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 4.8 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 30 83 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 36.8 41.8 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,440 1,829 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 3.1 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.0 178.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 11.5 45.2 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 165 Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.1 7.2 2,507 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 2.3 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 680 1,790 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.6 6.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.8 .. 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.9 .. 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 .. 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.3 .. 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.8 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.1 2.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.2 .. 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.9 .. 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 113 Time to start a business (days) 51 53 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 207 207 324 Time to export (days) 23 23 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 0.2 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 69.7 .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 30.4 48.0 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.0 31.1 42.1 Real interest rate (%) –3.8 7.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.6 10.3 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 37 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 37.8 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.7 2.3 18.7 166 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.9 6.7 2,507 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.2 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 6.3 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 3,400 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.2 4.3 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.6 17.4 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.8 28.1 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.9 11.6 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.7 54.5 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.8 3.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6,178.0 4,407.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.3 46.6 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.1 46.9 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 109 Time to start a business (days) 74 35 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 328 384 324 Time to export (days) 36 29 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.9 3.9 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.6 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 7.9 20.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 24.4 14.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 76.7 75.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 8.2 30.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.2 23.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 7.0 15.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 199 43 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 1.4 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 14.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.4 26.5 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.9 10.3 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.5 2.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.1 41.3 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 18.0 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 28.2 13.2 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 10 6 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.0 15.6 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 848 1,228 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.8 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 101.6 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 7.9 27.1 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 167 Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.7 30.0 2,391 Labor force (millions) 12.9 16.2 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 4.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,700 6,060 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.3 6.9 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 7.0 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.3 34.6 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 14.0 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 58.4 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.6 3.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.3 2.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 25.6 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 23.8 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 42 Time to start a business (days) 102 25 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 424 293 327 Time to export (days) 22 12 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.1 3.1 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.1 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 23.3 74.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.4 3.8 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 13.5 14.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 1.6 8.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 64.1 68.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 30.9 45.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 81.6 33.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 14.6 14.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 5,415 3,689 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 6.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 27.9 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 22.7 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 31.2 18.2 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.7 29.8 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 10.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 6.3 3.2 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.6 26.7 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 21.9 17.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.9 16.8 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 61 106 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.7 13.3 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 834 1,248 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.2 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.1 98.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 17.1 38.2 41.6 168 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Philippines East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 85.8 96.7 2,507 Labor force (millions) 35.0 41.3 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 2,500 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.7 4.8 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.7 11.8 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.8 31.1 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 20.5 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.5 57.1 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.5 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 55.1 42.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.1 30.8 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.7 34.0 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 108 Time to start a business (days) 47 35 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 15 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 195 193 324 Time to export (days) 17 15 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.7 2.7 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.6 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.5 16.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 0.3 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.9 9.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 21.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 37.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 21.8 21.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 15.8 15.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 8,998 2,518 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 1.1 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 19.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 16.8 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 73.9 51.5 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.1 51.4 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.7 11.7 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.5 2.2 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.1 33.4 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 4.1 3.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 2.5 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 59 242 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 580 647 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.5 106.5 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.4 36.2 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 169 Poland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.2 38.5 1,300 Labor force (millions) 17.5 18.5 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.7 10.1 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,270 12,660 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.2 4.2 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.7 31.6 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 18.5 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 64.8 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.1 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.2 3.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 46.2 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 45.8 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 45 Time to start a business (days) 31 30 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 418 286 166 Time to export (days) 17 17 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.1 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.0 14.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.9 12.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 30.4 4.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 32.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 33.3 40.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.4 83.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 19.6 17.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 1.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 19.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 41.4 .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 50.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.8 8.7 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.4 5.2 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.9 53.8 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 79 81 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 66.5 68.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,437 3,832 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.3 140.3 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 38.8 65.0 75.4 170 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Portugal High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 10.5 1,300 Labor force (millions) 5.5 5.5 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 15.6 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,140 20,640 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.7 –0.2 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.3 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 23.6 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.6 13.9 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.8 74.1 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.3 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 38.7 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 39.3 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 31 Time to start a business (days) 54 3 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 328 275 166 Time to export (days) 20 15 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.1 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 25.8 25.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.7 3.6 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 1.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 52.1 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 24.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.7 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 6.3 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 16.0 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 70.3 126.2 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.7 125.1 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.2 6.7 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.8 9.8 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 140.7 184.3 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 149 154 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,683 4,848 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 108.9 116.1 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 35.0 64.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 171 Puerto Rico High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 3.7 1,300 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.2 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.5 15.9 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,120 18,000 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.5 –1.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.6 0.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.5 50.0 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 43.0 48.6 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.9 49.4 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 79.0 79.0 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.2 59.4 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 40 Time to start a business (days) 7 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 140 218 166 Time to export (days) 15 15 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.8 2.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.8 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 9.7 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.0 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 53.0 82.6 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 23.4 51.4 75.4 172 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Qatar High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 2.1 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.50 1.5 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.2 0.6 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,320 74,600 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 8.7 14.9 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.8 1.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.6 3.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.1 74.7 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 28.4 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 48 Time to start a business (days) 7 9 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 36 41 166 Time to export (days) 21 17 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.4 3.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.2 1.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 0.2 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.3 37.5 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.5 53.2 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.9 36.1 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –18.3 0.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 3.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 46 128 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,290 15,755 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.3 126.9 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 24.7 88.1 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 173 Romania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.3 20.1 2,391 Labor force (millions) 9.9 9.6 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,920 8,560 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.0 1.8 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.5 6.0 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.9 42.3 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.6 51.6 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.9 3.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.1 40.0 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.2 45.2 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 73 Time to start a business (days) 11 9 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 190 200 327 Time to export (days) 28 13 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.6 3.3 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.3 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 92.3 61.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.1 4.1 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 1.1 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 27.4 12.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 35.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 31.4 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.6 42.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 18.2 26.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 5,264 2,398 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.9 1.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.7 26.7 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.8 32.4 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.7 8.0 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.6 18.2 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.9 45.0 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 5.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.2 5.8 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 39 57 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,365 2,639 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 60.4 105.0 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.5 50.0 41.6 174 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Russian Federation High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 143.2 143.5 1,300 Labor force (millions) 75.2 77.1 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.1 5.5 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,460 12,700 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.2 2.9 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 3.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 36.0 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 15.2 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.0 60.1 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.7 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.3 31.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.2 29.4 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 22.1 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 92 Time to start a business (days) 29 15 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 448 177 166 Time to export (days) 24 22 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 381.0 442.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.7 4.3 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.2 14.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 59.3 7.3 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 30.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 15.8 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.2 120.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 11.3 12.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 23,827 6,317 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 2.5 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 22.0 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 19.4 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 16.7 9.4 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.9 41.1 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 11.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.4 6.0 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.5 48.8 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –7.2 0.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.7 3.6 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 391 637 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,785 6,486 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.4 182.9 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.2 53.3 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 175 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.4 11.5 846 Labor force (millions) 4.5 5.6 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.6 0.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 600 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.5 8.1 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 38.4 33.0 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 15.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 5.9 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.6 51.1 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.0 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 557.8 614.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.4 13.2 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 33.6 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 32 Time to start a business (days) 18 2 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 168 113 266 Time to export (days) 60 26 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 2.5 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.9 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.4 6.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 1.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.9 5.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 4.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 47.1 56.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 15.9 23.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.2 31.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 10.8 11.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 150 36 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 2.2 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 22.8 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.7 10.1 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 .. 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 23.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 29.0 6.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 .. 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 6.0 13.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.1 9.6 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 10 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 9.9 4.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.4 49.7 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.6 8.0 6.2 176 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Samoa East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.19 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,100 3,260 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.9 0.7 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.2 9.9 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.6 27.1 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 8.5 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.2 62.9 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.9 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.9 32.1 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 61.0 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 61 Time to start a business (days) 35 9 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 224 224 324 Time to export (days) 25 22 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.0 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 13.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 63.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 48.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 31.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 3.4 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.7 40.6 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 18.8 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 10.8 5.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.1 46.6 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 8.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.1 7.4 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 11 12 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 4.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 .. 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.4 12.9 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 177 San Marino High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,080 .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.2 .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 81 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 52 166 Time to export (days) .. 15 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. 2.3 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.4 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 51.1 .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.8 4.8 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.6 115.2 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 50.3 50.9 75.4 178 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development São Tomé Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.19 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.07 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 740 1,310 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.1 4.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.3 .. 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.1 .. 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 .. 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.7 .. 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 17.2 10.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10,558.0 19,068.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.9 11.2 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 52.6 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 169 Time to start a business (days) 144 5 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 424 424 324 Time to export (days) 27 26 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 6.2 6.2 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.1 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 3.8 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 50 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.8 8.5 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 30.0 33.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.7 36.3 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 17.3 14.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 19.0 13.3 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1 1 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.7 65.0 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 13.8 21.6 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 179 Saudi Arabia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.7 28.3 1,300 Labor force (millions) 8.2 10.4 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 5.6 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,460 24,310 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.2 6.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.2 2.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 62.1 62.6 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 10.1 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 34.7 35.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.7 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.1 56.2 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 30.3 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 26 Time to start a business (days) 67 21 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 9 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 69 72 166 Time to export (days) 17 13 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.1 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 1.7 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 22.2 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.9 28.3 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 13.9 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 5.4 1.9 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.4 37.6 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 116 209 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.5 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,381 8,161 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.4 187.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.7 54.0 75.4 180 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.3 13.7 2,507 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.9 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.9 9.9 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 770 1,030 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.6 3.4 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.8 16.7 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.6 24.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 14.2 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.6 59.0 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.7 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.0 24.3 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.4 42.3 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 178 Time to start a business (days) 59 6 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 696 644 324 Time to export (days) 21 12 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.0 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.3 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 18.7 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 74.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 19.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.4 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 6.1 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 742 266 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 2.4 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 23.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 16.2 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.4 32.1 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 9.6 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 11.9 18.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.2 29.9 42.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 8 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.5 35.5 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 158 187 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 11.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.4 83.6 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.8 19.2 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 181 Serbia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 7.2 2,391 Labor force (millions) 3.3 3.2 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.8 19.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,430 5,280 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.3 1.3 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 9.0 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 26.6 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 15.6 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.9 64.3 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 16.1 7.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 66.7 87.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.2 38.2 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.2 54.2 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 93 Time to start a business (days) 23 12 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 279 279 327 Time to export (days) 33 12 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.7 2.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 10.2 8.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 1.7 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.9 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 59.6 3.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 53.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 30.2 42.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 17.7 109.5 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 14.1 21.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 564 159 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.1 0.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 26.3 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 22.8 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.6 45.9 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.2 20.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 8.6 18.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.0 53.9 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 1.0 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.1 7.6 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 17 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 63.5 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,922 4,474 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 67.4 117.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 26.3 48.1 41.6 182 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 2,391 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,540 12,180 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) –1.0 4.0 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 1.9 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.4 14.1 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.7 8.4 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.3 84.0 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.9 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.5 13.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.0 45.0 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.4 97.7 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 80 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 76 76 327 Time to export (days) 17 16 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.3 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 51 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.3 1.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 73.3 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 80.5 43.9 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.7 9.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.4 9.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.8 23.2 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 9.3 –0.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 8.9 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 12 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 96.0 96.5 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 67.5 147.8 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 25.4 47.1 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 183 Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.1 6.0 846 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.3 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.4 3.4 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 310 580 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 9.0 6.3 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 52.5 56.7 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.0 8.3 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.3 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.6 35.0 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.6 12.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,889.6 4,344.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.8 16.3 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 53.6 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 142 Time to start a business (days) 26 12 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 399 353 266 Time to export (days) 31 25 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.6 2.3 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.2 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.5 1.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.3 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 8.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 80.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 13.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 49 10 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 14.4 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 40.3 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.5 29.7 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.0 15.6 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 20.0 12.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 26.8 14.7 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.4 6.2 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 8.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.8 10.6 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 0 2 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.0 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 13.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.3 37.0 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.2 1.3 6.2 184 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Singapore High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.3 5.3 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.2 3.0 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 2.8 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 27,240 47,210 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.1 5.5 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.6 26.7 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.8 20.7 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.4 73.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.4 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 229.7 200.7 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 200.3 178.5 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 1 Time to start a business (days) 6 3 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 80 82 166 Time to export (days) 6 6 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 0.8 0.8 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.9 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 18.7 31.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.0 8.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 14.6 20.6 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 24.1 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 96.8 115.1 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 98.3 129.9 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 8.9 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.8 1.0 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 90.9 120.6 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 5.2 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 77 154 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,507 8,404 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 97.5 152.1 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 61.0 74.2 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 185 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.4 186 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Slovak Republic High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.4 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.7 2.7 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.2 13.9 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,070 17,190 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.9 3.5 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.9 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.5 34.9 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 20.7 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.9 61.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.7 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 89.2 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.9 86.6 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 49 Time to start a business (days) 27 19 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 325 207 166 Time to export (days) 22 17 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.8 4.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 11.8 20.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.1 5.1 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.5 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 31.3 3.1 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 40.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 23.8 33.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.4 25.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.3 28.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 1.7 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 22.5 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 37.1 54.3 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.4 .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 11.7 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.2 5.2 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.1 .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 4.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 14 1 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,933 5,348 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 84.2 111.9 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 55.2 80.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 187 Slovenia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.1 1,300 Labor force (millions) 1.0 1.0 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 8.8 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,070 22,810 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.6 0.6 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.1 31.6 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.9 21.1 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.2 65.9 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.5 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.2 71.3 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.6 70.2 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 33 Time to start a business (days) 60 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 260 260 166 Time to export (days) 20 16 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.9 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.3 6.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.4 4.4 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.4 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.9 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 27.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 47.3 52.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.7 60.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 30.5 28.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 –0.5 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.4 19.2 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.7 57.9 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 8.2 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.5 15.2 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 56.3 87.4 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 6.0 2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.5 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 18 18 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,918 6,806 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.9 108.6 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 46.8 70.0 75.4 188 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.55 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.22 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 4.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 900 1,130 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.6 6.0 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.5 38.9 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 8.1 6.1 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.7 3.8 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.4 55.0 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.3 7.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.5 7.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 26.1 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.6 43.1 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 97 Time to start a business (days) 56 9 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 80 80 324 Time to export (days) 24 22 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.2 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 6.8 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.5 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.7 34.0 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.6 23.2 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.4 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.4 10.4 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 12 7 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 55.0 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.8 7.0 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 189 Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.5 10.2 846 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.0 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 7.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 29 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 266 Time to export (days) .. .. 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 13 .. 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.9 22.6 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.1 1.4 6.2 190 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.6 52.3 2,391 Labor force (millions) 17.8 19.1 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 23.8 25.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,810 7,460 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.8 2.8 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.6 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.2 28.4 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 12.4 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.2 69.0 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 8.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 28.3 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 31.3 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 41 Time to start a business (days) 35 19 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 350 200 327 Time to export (days) 25 16 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.9 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 227.6 217.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 7.4 6.5 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.1 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 45.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 34.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.8 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 26.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 12,307 5,664 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 1.2 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 19.2 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.5 11.7 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 56.7 62.4 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 7.8 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.1 4.0 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 144.2 151.1 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 3.3 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 148 192 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,660 4,604 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 70.4 130.6 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 7.5 41.0 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 191 South Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 10.8 846 Labor force (millions) .. .. 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 790 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. –9.8 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 47.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 3.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 10.2 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 43.5 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 186 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 29 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. 218 266 Time to export (days) .. 55 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.1 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 4.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.7 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. 3 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 12.2 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 5.9 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 21.2 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 6.2 192 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Spain High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 43.7 46.8 1,300 Labor force (millions) 21.2 23.6 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 25.2 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,310 29,270 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.2 0.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.1 2.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.8 25.9 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 13.3 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.1 71.6 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 32.7 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.9 31.9 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 52 Time to start a business (days) 47 23 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 298 167 166 Time to export (days) 10 10 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 131.1 84.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.4 2.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 0.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 32.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.3 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 21.3 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 2.7 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.4 19.2 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 38.6 67.6 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 104.8 145.0 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 5.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.8 7.5 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 145.7 192.6 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 0.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.8 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 586 435 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,111 5,530 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 98.4 108.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 47.9 72.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 193 Sri Lanka South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.6 20.3 2,507 Labor force (millions) 8.1 8.4 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 4.8 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 2,920 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.3 6.5 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.8 11.1 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.2 31.5 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 17.9 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.0 57.5 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.6 7.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 100.5 127.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.3 22.8 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 36.5 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 85 Time to start a business (days) 48 8 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 256 210 324 Time to export (days) 25 20 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 1.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.9 7.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.5 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 3.5 1.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.7 7.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 47.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 26.2 43.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 83.4 42.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 9.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,058 181 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.5 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 28.9 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 22.4 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 90.6 79.1 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.0 35.3 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 8.5 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 15.3 3.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.9 31.1 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 0.3 4.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.1 4.6 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 20 36 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.0 14.9 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 398 490 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 4.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.8 91.6 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.8 18.3 18.7 194 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development St. Kitts and Nevis High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,900 13,610 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.2 0.7 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.5 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 23.7 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.6 10.3 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 74.7 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 32.7 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.2 44.0 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 101 Time to start a business (days) 19 19 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 172 203 166 Time to export (days) 17 13 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 32.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 5.7 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 10.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 65.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 46.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.7 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 19.4     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 17.3 13.1 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 44.5 27.6 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 111.6 135.6 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 55.6 63.6 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 12.1 6.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 4.5 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 4.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 103.8 156.8 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 34.0 79.3 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 195 St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.17 0.18 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 6,890 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.0 2.2 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.9 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 16.0 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 3.8 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.3 80.1 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.9 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.8 47.5 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.5 62.7 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 64 Time to start a business (days) 20 15 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 71 97 327 Time to export (days) 21 14 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.8 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 3.0 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 2.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 11.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 18.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 52.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 0.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 90 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.6 8.8 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.7 27.8 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 82.0 90.9 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 78.2 119.8 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 2.5 11.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 6.4 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 63.9 125.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 21.6 48.6 41.6 196 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development St. Martin (French part) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 197 St. Vincent and the Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,960 6,400 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.9 0.6 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.3 7.3 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.8 19.9 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.9 6.5 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.9 72.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.7 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.4 26.9 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.8 56.6 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 82 Time to start a business (days) 12 10 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 76 108 327 Time to export (days) 15 12 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 30.2 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.8 1.4 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 4.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 5.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 65.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 55.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 20.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 50 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 17.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 23.6 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.9 66.3 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.6 52.8 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 8.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.7 6.5 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.0 .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.9 123.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.2 47.5 41.6 198 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) a 31.6 37.2 2,507 Labor force (millions) 9.5 11.6 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.8 14.8 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)b 570 1,500 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %)b 6.3 2.8 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.5 27.7 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 31.2 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.9 6.1 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 41.1 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.5 37.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.4 3.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 6.3 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.4 17.8 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 149 Time to start a business (days) 39 36 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 180 180 324 Time to export (days) 56 32 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.8 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 748 343 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.5 4.2 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 22.0 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 16.2 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.3 18.7 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.4 12.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9 14 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 77 143 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.8 74.4 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.3 21.0 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 199 Suriname Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.50 0.53 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.21 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.9 12.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,330 8,680 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.9 4.2 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 9.3 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.3 38.8 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 23.2 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 51.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.9 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 3.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.4 .. 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 .. 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 161 Time to start a business (days) 694 208 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 199 199 327 Time to export (days) 20 22 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.9 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 1.6 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 6.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 85.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 37.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 16.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 1.3 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 41.8 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.3 24.0 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 1.7 0.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.1 5.0 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 2 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.3 .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.6 106.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 6.4 34.7 41.6 200 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.1 1.2 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.36 0.44 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.9 22.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,390 2,860 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.2 1.7 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.5 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.7 47.7 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.9 43.8 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.5 44.8 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.8 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 8.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.1 66.6 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.2 74.7 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 123 Time to start a business (days) 60 38 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 104 110 324 Time to export (days) 21 17 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.2 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.4 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.3 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 39.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 7.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16.9 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 22.1 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 28 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -1.8 2.4 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 10.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.1 5.2 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.6 28.9 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.4 17.9 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.0 9.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 21.1 25.0 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 6.3 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.1 65.4 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.7 20.8 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 201 Sweden High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.0 9.5 1,300 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.1 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.8 8.0 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,920 56,120 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.8 1.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.9 25.2 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 15.7 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.9 73.2 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.5 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.5 6.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.4 48.5 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 42.7 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 14 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 3 3 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 122 122 166 Time to export (days) 9 9 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 20.6 39.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 6.4 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.5 0.8 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 19.0 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 53.1 36.6 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.0 62.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 5.0 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.1 0.7 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 107.9 138.9 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 190 .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 31.5 23.2 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,431 14,030 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.8 124.6 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 84.8 94.0 75.4 202 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Switzerland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 8.0 1,300 Labor force (millions) 4.2 4.6 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 4.2 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 58,530 80,970 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.2 1.7 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.0 0.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 26.8 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 19.0 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.6 72.5 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.2 –0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 0.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.6 52.3 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 41.9 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 29 Time to start a business (days) 18 18 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 63 63 166 Time to export (days) 8 8 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.2 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 11.1 13.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.2 2.5 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 0.4 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 20.1 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 40.5 25.6 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 135.4 164.7 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 5.5 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.3 0.8 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 159.1 176.4 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 2.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 135 259 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,305 7,928 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.2 130.2 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 70.1 85.2 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 203 Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.2 22.4 2,507 Labor force (millions) 5.2 6.3 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.2 8.3 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,520 .. 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.7 5.0 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 .. 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 .. 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.0 .. 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.3 .. 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.2 36.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 52.2 46.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.4 .. 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.6 .. 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 165 Time to start a business (days) 43 13 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 7 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 336 336 324 Time to export (days) 21 20 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.1 4.1 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 10.3 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 68.8 61.0 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 52.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 7.6 20.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 61.8 118.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 7.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 583 128 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 .. 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 46.2 53.5 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.8 22.5 42.1 Real interest rate (%) –3.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) –1.0 3.7 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 10 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 75.1 64.9 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,514 1,715 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.2 59.3 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.6 24.3 18.7 204 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.8 8.0 846 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.5 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.7 11.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 880 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 10.1 6.7 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.0 26.5 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.3 25.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.7 14.8 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.8 47.6 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 7.1 5.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.1 4.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.0 18.2 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.8 64.5 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 143 Time to start a business (days) 80 33 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 5 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 224 224 266 Time to export (days) 71 71 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 1.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.3 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 71.5 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 1.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.3 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 6.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 25 115 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.6 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 15.4 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.0 4.0 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.2 6.1 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 20.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 9.5 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.1 13.0 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 12.6 11.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.1 17.5 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 7 7 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,144 1,714 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.9 81.5 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.3 14.5 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 205 Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.8 47.8 846 Labor force (millions) 19.2 23.5 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.5 3.5 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 380 570 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 7.1 6.8 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.8 27.6 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.7 25.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.7 10.2 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.5 47.4 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 5.0 16.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,128.9 1,583.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.8 29.6 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 47.3 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 145 Time to start a business (days) 28 26 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 172 176 266 Time to export (days) 30 18 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.4 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.0 1.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.7 15.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 66.8 72.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 6.8 11.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44.3 50.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 14.7 17.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 899 542 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.6 6.0 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 38.8 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 30.0 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.0 27.1 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.2 17.9 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.3 3.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.5 5.9 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 27 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.6 14.9 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 68 92 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 9.1 9.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.6 57.0 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.1 4.0 6.2 206 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Thailand East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 65.6 66.8 2,391 Labor force (millions) 37.4 39.4 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.3 0.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,600 5,210 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.5 3.0 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.3 12.3 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.0 43.6 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 34.7 34.0 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.8 44.2 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.5 3.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.2 31.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.6 75.0 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.7 73.8 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 18 Time to start a business (days) 33 28 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 264 264 327 Time to export (days) 24 14 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.5 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 32.2 41.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 0.9 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 0.4 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 74.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.9 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 39.0 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 11,760 2,750 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 2.9 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 28.5 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 22.8 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 27.3 28.6 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 101.5 118.3 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 11.2 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 9.1 2.4 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 100.7 148.3 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 5.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.9 4.3 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 124 252 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,911 2,316 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 1.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.5 127.3 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.0 26.5 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 207 Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.98 1.2 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.25 0.25 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 4.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 3,620 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.0 9.8 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.8 16.7 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.6 26.3 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.4 2.5 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 56.9 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.1 11.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 8.4 9.8 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.4 120.3 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 172 Time to start a business (days) 167 94 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 640 276 324 Time to export (days) 28 28 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 2.8 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 3.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 66.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 1.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.1 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 2.2     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.2 1.5 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 64.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.9 31.1 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.1 12.4 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 18.2 –1.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.9 11.3 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 10.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.3 55.7 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 0.1 0.9 18.7 208 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Togo Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.5 6.6 846 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.1 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 7.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 370 500 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.5 3.6 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.4 31.3 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.2 15.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.5 8.2 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.4 52.8 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.8 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 510.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.0 40.2 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.7 57.4 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 157 Time to start a business (days) 65 19 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 7 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 270 270 266 Time to export (days) 34 24 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.3 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 2.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 80.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 16.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 53.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 6.6     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 735 13 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 4.4 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 18.6 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 10.3 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.3 37.5 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.5 30.9 30.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. 10 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.0 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 111 .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 7.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 49.9 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.8 4.0 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 209 Tonga East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 2,391 Labor force (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 4,220 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.4 1.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.5 19.2 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.4 21.5 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.6 6.4 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.0 59.3 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.3 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.9 1.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.6 17.8 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.7 62.7 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 57 Time to start a business (days) 32 16 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 164 182 327 Time to export (days) 21 22 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.9 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.1 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.3 1.9 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 6.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 86.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 33.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 7.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 32 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 1.7 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 33.1 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.2 36.4 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.2 29.9 92.4 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 8.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 6.8 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 5 .. 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 2.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.6 53.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 4.9 34.9 41.6 210 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Trinidad and Tobago High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.3 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.66 0.68 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 5.8 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,060 14,710 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 8.7 1.4 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.5 0.6 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 60.3 57.4 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 6.4 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.2 42.0 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.9 9.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.3 6.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.8 88.1 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 62.9 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 66 Time to start a business (days) 43 38 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 210 210 166 Time to export (days) 14 11 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.6 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 7.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 5.5 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 69.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 36.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.8 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 11.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 10.8 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.6 .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 16.8 .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.0 55.3 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.6 31.5 150.5 Real interest rate (%) –7.0 10.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.2 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 14 37 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,142 6,332 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.3 140.8 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 29.0 59.5 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 211 Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.0 10.8 2,391 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.9 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.9 12.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 4,150 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.5 3.3 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 8.7 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 29.9 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.3 15.6 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.7 61.4 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.0 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.9 48.0 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.3 58.6 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 51 Time to start a business (days) 11 11 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 268 144 327 Time to export (days) 16 13 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.3 1.3 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.4 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.6 11.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.5 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 781 222 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 3.4 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 22.7 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 21.2 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 52.4 44.1 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.9 55.8 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 20.9 12.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.3 75.2 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 21 36 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.8 76.3 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,092 1,297 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 56.5 118.1 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 9.7 41.4 41.6 212 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Turkey Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 67.7 74.0 2,391 Labor force (millions) 22.3 27.1 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 9.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,520 10,830 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.2 3.4 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.8 9.1 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.5 27.0 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 17.8 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.7 63.9 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 10.1 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.9 26.4 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.4 31.6 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 69 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 254 226 327 Time to export (days) 20 13 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.1 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) 45.8 38.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 0.8 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 6.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 8.4 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 32.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 11.1 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 26.7 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 21,742 9,661 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 1.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 20.3 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 16.4 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 45.1 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.7 50.3 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.3 12.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 4.3 2.7 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.2 54.4 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 146 476 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 89.4 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,019 2,709 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.4 91.5 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 15.5 45.1 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 213 Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.7 5.2 2,391 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.3 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.6 11.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,600 5,410 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.5 10.9 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.8 14.5 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.6 48.4 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 .. 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.6 37.0 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.2 2.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.0 73.3 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.8 44.4 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 30 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 327 Time to export (days) .. .. 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 20 .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 9.0 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 47.2 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 10.5 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 14 1 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,055 2,444 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 76.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.0 7.2 41.6 214 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Turks and Caicos Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,300 Labor force (millions) .. .. 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) .. .. 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 215 Tuvalu East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.01 0.01 2,391 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,740 5,650 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.2 2.3 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.6 25.4 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 8.6 5.8 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.9 1.2 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 68.8 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 30 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 327 Time to export (days) .. .. 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 92.4 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.4 28.4 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 10.0 35.0 41.6 216 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 28.7 36.3 846 Labor force (millions) 11.4 14.5 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 4.2 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 480 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.9 7.3 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 26.7 25.9 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.0 28.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 9.1 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.3 45.5 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.4 14.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,780.7 2,504.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 23.2 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.8 38.8 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 132 Time to start a business (days) 34 32 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 18 15 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 237 209 266 Time to export (days) 38 30 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.2 2.2 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.2 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.2 20.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.2 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.2 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.5 14.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 73.1 95.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 7.7 8.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 33.0 25.4 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 15.5 12.1     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 502 126 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.2 8.6 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 24.3 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 18.7 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 64.9 39.3 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.9 19.7 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.9 16.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 2.9 4.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.6 16.2 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 21.8 1.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 10.1 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 0 6 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 23.0 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 10.7 6.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.6 45.0 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.7 14.7 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 217 Ukraine Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.1 45.6 2,507 Labor force (millions) 23.3 23.1 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.7 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,540 3,500 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 8.0 0.5 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.4 9.3 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.3 29.8 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.6 14.9 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 60.9 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 13.6 0.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 8.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.5 50.9 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.6 59.3 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 112 Time to start a business (days) 34 21 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 2,085 390 324 Time to export (days) 30 29 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.9 2.9 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.2 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 27.7 29.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 0.9 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 8.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 49.5 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 25.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 33.5 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.9 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 3,443 1,164 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.1 4.4 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 18.3 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 16.3 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. 33.6 .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 30.1 40.2 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.9 15.0 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 58.0 16.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.2 62.0 42.1 Real interest rate (%) –6.7 9.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 5.4 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 42 73 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 97.4 97.9 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,246 3,662 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 63.7 130.3 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.7 33.7 18.7 218 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United Arab Emirates High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 9.2 1,300 Labor force (millions) 2.5 6.2 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 3.8 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,470 38,620 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.8 2.1 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 55.6 60.5 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 9.0 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.0 38.8 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.6 95.2 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.0 74.5 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 23 Time to start a business (days) 19 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 12 12 166 Time to export (days) 9 7 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.2 3.2 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.0 10.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.1 1.4 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 2.5 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 21.9 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 14.3 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 46.2 57.9 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.9 16.8 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 8.3 8.4 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.8 59.1 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 87 307 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,561 9,389 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 109.3 149.6 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 40.0 85.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 219 United Kingdom High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 60.4 63.6 1,300 Labor force (millions) 30.7 32.6 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 7.9 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,560 38,500 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 3.0 0.0 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.6 0.7 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.6 20.6 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.0 10.1 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.8 78.7 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.0 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.6 31.5 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.4 33.7 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 10 Time to start a business (days) 13 12 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 105 110 166 Time to export (days) 10 8 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.6 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 333.7 455.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 8.4 11.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.9 2.3 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 14.4 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 45.6 102.6 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.1 5.0 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.9 3.7 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 156.8 175.8 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.6 –1.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 1,018 1,036 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,272 5,472 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 108.6 135.3 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 70.0 87.0 75.4 220 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United States High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 295.5 313.9 1,300 Labor force (millions) 152.7 158.7 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 8.1 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 46,350 52,340 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 2.6 0.8 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.2 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.2 20.2 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 12.9 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.6 78.6 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.4 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.0 13.5 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.5 16.9 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 4 Time to start a business (days) 6 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 325 175 166 Time to export (days) 6 6 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.9 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.3 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 18.6 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 56.3 93.8 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 66.5 80.8 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 12.0 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 0.7 3.3 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 187.8 183.6 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 1.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9,970 9,860 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.9 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,705 13,246 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.3 95.4 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 68.0 81.0 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 221 Uruguay High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 3.4 1,300 Labor force (millions) 1.6 1.7 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 6.0 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,720 13,580 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 0.0 5.8 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.4 8.4 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.1 24.7 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 13.8 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.5 66.9 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.7 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 24.5 20.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.4 26.3 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 29.7 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 88 Time to start a business (days) 45 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 304 310 166 Time to export (days) 23 16 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.1 1.8 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.6 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.5 6.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.6 3.0 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 7.0 11.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.6 1.8 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 87.1 67.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 6.9 13.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 38.6 15.5 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 6.8 10.8     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 1,063 2,401 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.8 5.8 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 22.1 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 18.0 ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) 76.1 44.6 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.6 38.9 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.2 10.0 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 14.3 1.3 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.5 24.1 150.5 Real interest rate (%) 12.8 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.8 6.7 ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 9 9 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.0 .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,000 2,810 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.1 0.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.7 147.1 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 20.1 55.1 75.4 222 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.2 29.8 2,507 Labor force (millions) 10.4 13.0 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 11.3 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 530 1,720 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 5.3 8.5 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.0 18.9 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.2 32.4 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.1 12.7 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.9 48.7 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,112.9 1,889.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 27.9 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.7 29.8 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 146 Time to start a business (days) 29 9 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 196 205 324 Time to export (days) 86 79 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 2.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.8 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.1 12.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.6 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 2.5 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 63.0 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 8.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.3 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 9.4 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 286 137 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 2.1 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 22.8 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 18.6 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.0 11.4 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 3.0 0.5 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 42.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 22 24 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,711 1,626 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.8 71.0 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 3.3 36.5 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 223 Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.21 0.25 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.11 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,780 3,000 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.0 3.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.3 25.2 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 8.9 10.7 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.3 4.8 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 64.1 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 1.2 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 109.2 92.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.4 47.5 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.8 50.7 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 74 Time to start a business (days) 47 35 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 120 120 324 Time to export (days) 26 21 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.5 0.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.4 2.3 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 4.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 39.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 41.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.3 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 27.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 6 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 4.8 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 26.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 92.4 71.4 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.6 70.0 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 3.9 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 2 18 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.1 59.1 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 5.1 10.6 18.7 224 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.7 30.0 2,391 Labor force (millions) 12.2 13.9 1,251 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 7.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,920 12,460 6,969 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 1.5 3.1 6.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.0 5.8 7.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 57.8 52.2 37.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 13.9 23.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.2 42.1 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. 21.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 4.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.7 26.2 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.5 24.2 29.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 181 Time to start a business (days) 141 144 30 Procedures to start a business (number) 16 17 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 864 792 327 Time to export (days) 34 56 20 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.5 17.5 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 33.6 27.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 6.4 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 29.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 35.7 35.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.4 13.9 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 12.5 25.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 3,425 596 80,963 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 0.6 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 20.3 31.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 7.4 20.5     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.0 38.7 48.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 10.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 1.1 0.9 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.1 25.3 92.4 Real interest rate (%) –9.9 2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 1.9 5.9     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 136 79 6,886 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 67.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,859 3,313 2,932 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 0.6 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.8 101.9 92.4 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.6 44.0 41.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 225 Vietnam East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.4 88.8 2,507 Labor force (millions) 46.3 52.9 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.1 2.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 680 1,550 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 6.9 6.1 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.7 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 38.6 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.8 17.4 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.6 41.7 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 8.3 9.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15,858.9 20,828.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.7 80.0 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.0 76.5 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 99 Time to start a business (days) 45 34 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 1,050 872 324 Time to export (days) 24 21 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.4 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 0.8 4.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 78.7 33.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 55.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 29.4 21.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.4 29.6 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 11.4 16.7     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 3,095 169 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 5.4 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.3 24.2 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.1 11.9 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 9.9 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 60.5 94.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 1.7 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.9 3.0 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 54 142 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.0 .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 580 1,073 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.3 147.7 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 12.7 39.5 18.7 226 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 1,300 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 643 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,412 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) .. .. 1.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.0 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 74.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 30.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 166 Time to export (days) .. .. 12 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 2.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 7.5 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 1.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. ..     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 67.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 7.9 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 150.5 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. ..     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 20,757 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 83.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 8,896 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.5 .. 122.9 Individuals using the Internet (%) 27.3 40.5 75.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 227 West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 4.0 2,507 Labor force (millions) 0.74 0.98 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 26.0 23.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 .. 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) –0.9 .. 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.5 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.5 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 .. 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.2 .. 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 138 Time to start a business (days) 93 45 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 9 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 170 170 324 Time to export (days) 25 23 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) .. .. 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.2 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 5.7 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.7 2.9 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 50.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 4.2 9.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 37.1 42.5 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 18.2 7.9     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 430 42 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 .. 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 .. 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 20.2 .. 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 10.6 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. 3.1 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 42.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) .. .. 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 2.3 8.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.9 75.6 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 16.0 41.1 18.7 228 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.1 23.9 2,507 Labor force (millions) 5.2 6.9 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 17.6 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,270 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.1 1.9 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 7.7 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.0 29.4 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.1 6.1 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 62.9 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 11.8 17.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 191.5 214.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 30.5 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 34.6 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 133 Time to start a business (days) 63 40 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 6 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 248 248 324 Time to export (days) 33 29 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.1 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 11.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 66.7 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 37.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 68.2 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 4.3     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 377 .. 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –1.8 1.0 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 11.7 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 7.1 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.2 22.8 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) .. .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.9 4.6 42.1 Real interest rate (%) –0.4 17.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 5.0 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 17 17 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.7 .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 183 193 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 52.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.3 58.3 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 1.0 17.4 18.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 229 Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.5 14.1 2,507 Labor force (millions) 4.9 6.0 1,003 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.9 13.1 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 1,350 1,893 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) 4.8 6.6 6.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 19.6 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 38.1 31.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.6 8.5 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.0 42.3 51.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 18.3 6.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.5 5.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.6 46.4 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.7 43.2 33.2     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 83 Time to start a business (days) 35 7 26 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 7 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 183 183 324 Time to export (days) 53 44 24 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 2.7 2.4 3.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 1.2 15.4 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.4 9.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.4 1.1 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) 4.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 .. Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) 73.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (%) 10.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 97.0 .. Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) 17.1 ..     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 227 168 30,475 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 5.2 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 23.4 26.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 16.1 19.7     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.4 21.4 49.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 11.4 .. 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.7 14.8 42.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.6 5.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 5.1 7.5     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 6 8 2,287 Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 716 599 734 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) 2.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.3 74.8 83.1 Individuals using the Internet (%) 2.9 13.5 18.7 230 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2012 2012 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.7 13.7 846 Labor force (millions) 6.4 7.1 383 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 4.0 5.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 430 650 590 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–12 (average annual %) –8.5 0.2 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.6 14.1 28.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.7 35.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 16.8 12.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.7 50.8 48.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 302.1 .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.5 44.3 24.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.5 76.1 41.7     Business environment       Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–189; 1=best) .. 170 Time to start a business (days) 97 90 29 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) 216 242 266 Time to export (days) 52 53 37 Time to resolve insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 3.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.8 19.1 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys     Time spent dealing w/req. of gov’t. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) .. 2.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 12.6 Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) .. 71.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (%) .. 13.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.0 Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms) .. 18.0     Private sector investment       Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–12 ($ millions) 72 194 2,981 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 4.1 4.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2.0 22.5 26.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.0 19.7 17.2     Finance and banking       Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.1 .. 37.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.0 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) 7.9 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.8 .. 30.7 Real interest rate (%) 219.3 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 144.6 .. 11.2     Infrastructure       Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide) 4 12 374 Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. 20.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 984 757 233 Power outages in firms in a typical month (number) .. 6.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.1 91.9 47.2 Individuals using the Internet (%) 8.0 17.1 6.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 231 Notes a. Excludes South Sudan. b. Excludes South Sudan after July 9, 2011. 232 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5, including forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Air transport for registered carrier departures worldwide are domestic takeoffs and takeoffs abroad of air carriers registered in the country. (International Civil Aviation Organization) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries’ banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio is the value of nonperforming loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service. (World Bank) Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector—such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable—that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 189, with 1 being the best. A high ranking means that a country’s regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of a country’s percentile rankings on 11 topics covered in Doing Business 2014. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Data listed for 2012 are for June 2013. (World Bank) Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency) Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated in local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar as an annual average based on monthly averages. (International Monetary Fund) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 233 Glossary Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Firms competing against unregistered firms are the percentage of firms competing against unregistered or informal firms. (World Bank) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the percentage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials. (World Bank) Firms using banks to finance investments are the percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. (World Bank) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2005 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money deposits, and securities other than shares. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 234 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domestic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Individuals using the Internet are the percentage of individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 12 months. Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV, etc. (International Telecommunication Union) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10–45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Internationally recognized quality certification is the percentage of firms that have an internationally-recognized quality certification. (World Bank) Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infrastructure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 235 Glossary venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. Data listed for 2005 and 2012 refer to total for the period 2000–05 and 2006–12. (World Bank) Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part- time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15–37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are the number of subscriptions to a public mobile-telephone service that provide access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using cellular technology. The indicator includes (and is split into) the number of postpaid subscriptions, and the number of active prepaid accounts (i.e. that have been used during the last three months). The indicator applies to all mobile-cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging, and telemetry services. It is calculated per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) New business density is the number of newly registered limited liability corporations per 1,000 people ages 15–64. (World Bank) New businesses registered are the number of new limited liability corporations registered in the calendar year. (World Bank) Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (International Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Power outages in firms in a typical month are the average number of power outages that establishments experience in a typical month. (World Bank) 236 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Data listed for 2012 are for June 2013. (World Bank) Profit tax is the amount of taxes on profits paid by the business as a percentage of commercial profits. For further details on the method, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2014. Data listed for 2012 are for June 2013. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time spent dealing with the requirements of government regulations is the percentage of senior management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). (World Bank) Time to export is the time necessary to comply with all procedures required to export goods. If a procedure can be accelerated for an additional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen. (World Bank) Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions. (World Bank) Time to resolve insolvency is the number of years from time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets and payment of creditors. Data listed for 2012 are for June 2013. (World Bank) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Data listed for 2012 are for June 2013. (World Bank) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 237 Glossary Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization) 238 2014 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development